EP1001107A1 - Roof drain assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A drain pipe (1) for diverting the rainwater from the surface and an inner pipe (4) are connected sealingly together so that the water drains from the surface through the inner pipe into the drainpipe. The inner pipe is designed so that per unit time only a predetermined amount of water can flow away The inner pipe is open at its end protruding over the surface and the amount of water to drain away is set by the inner diameter of the inner pipe

Description

The invention relates to a water drainage system, in particular a water drainage system for roof surfaces, and especially one such a system, which prevents rainwater, which descended on one surface, in essentially undiminished Flows out and without delay.

The sealing of the soil leads particularly in cities that the amount of water falling during heavy rainfall can not be managed by the sewage system. As As a result, road flooding occurs Sidewalks, etc. Guide conventional building roofs the rainwater that has fallen on them is practically complete and off the roof without delay. In contrast, rainwater is released from green areas Roofs with a time delay. The reason for this is in that the plants and the substrate on which the Plants are planted, save rainwater and only deliver delayed. In addition, the amount of dispensed Water is lower because part of the rainfall is above the floor surface evaporates and another part of the Plants is consumed. Compared to conventional, not planted roofs therefore have the advantage of green roofs that the precipitation that has fallen on them is reduced Quantity and with a time delay to the sewage system is delivered.

The structure of the planting substrate for green roofs differs depending on the type of plants that are on the roof should be planted. There are both one and one multi-layer structures known. Usually it applies that the more demanding the number of shifts increases Plants. For example, perennials, shrubs or trees are planted are usually multi-layered Superstructures required and sufficient for the plants Providing with water is pond irrigation necessary. A layered structure for such intensive green roofing thus comprises a water reservoir from which the Plants are continuously supplied with moisture can.

5 shows such a layer structure for intensive greening with water accumulation. The figure shows a partial cross section through the layers applied to the roof in the area around a water drain pipe 1, which is arranged in a shaft 19 closed with a cover 20. With the help of the water drain pipe 1, excess water is drained from the roof into the sewage system. The amount of excess water is reduced compared to a green roof, because of the retention properties of the layer structure 8 applied to the roof surface 2 and the planting 7. Depending on the layer structure and the materials used, water flow rates can be set that are between 0 and 70% of the water that has sunk on the roof surface.
In order to be able to supply the plants 7 with sufficient water, a water reservoir 12 is provided in the layer structure 8. A water-guiding profile is arranged within the layer structure 8, which drains the layer structure in the vertical direction and favors the flow of water in the roof plane. A root protection sheet 13 and a protective layer 14 are present between the water guiding profile and the roof surface 2, which prevent the plant roots from penetrating in the direction of the roof surface and thus ensure the tightness of the roof. A drain layer 15 is arranged above the water guiding profile 12, which is intended to prevent water build-up in the root region of the plants 7, which can impair the growth of the plants. Separated from the drain layer 15 by a filter mat 16, there is the plant substrate 17, the actual growth substrate for the plants 7.

The maximum water level in the water reservoir 12 of the layer structure 8 can be adjusted by the design of the water drainage system in the area of the water drainage pipe 1 specified. In this water drain pipe is a Inserted inner pipe 4 and against the water drain pipe 1 with the help of two sealing rings 18 watertight. The cylindrical inner tube 4 is so in the water drain pipe 1 inserted that its upper end face in a Height above the roof surface 2, which is the desired corresponds to the maximum water level in the layer structure. If precipitation falls on the green roof, the excess water gets which is not from the upper layers of the Layer structure 8 and the plants 7 was added in the water reservoir 12. There it builds up until the given by the position of the inner tube 4 has set the maximum water level. Further water 3, which gets into the water reservoir 12 flows over the Inner tube 4 passes through the upper opening of the inner tube 4 inside the tube and flows from there through the water drain pipe 1 from the roof. Is the maximum So once the water level is reached, everything becomes additional excess water 3 entering the water reservoir 12 unimpeded and without any delay in the sewage system derived. The diameter of the inner tube is like this big that the maximum water level practically never exceeded is because all excess water is unimpeded and flows out without delay. In this case there is no water retention more guaranteed, and the limits for that Waste water discharged from the roof can no longer be maintained become.

In the conventional design of the drainage systems from Roof structures with intensive greenery is - despite the Advantages that a green roof does not have over you green roof offers - not guaranteed in every case, that the prescribed wastewater values are complied with and sufficient water retention can be ensured can.

This applies to a greater extent to roofs that do not have green roofs exhibit. It was with green roof areas So far basically undesirable that there is a build-up came from rainwater on the roof. Except for the silting up and encrustation of the roofs there was a risk that frost pressure and movements of one formed on the roof Ice sheet to damage the roof structure and to Leaks in the roof resulted. Even on gravel roofs the accumulation of water has so far been undesirable.

The invention has for its object to provide a water drainage system that has improved water retention and largely prevents the uncontrolled outflow of water from one surface.

The invention is intended to avoid excessive wastewater peaks occur and specified wastewater values are not adhered to can be. The water drainage system according to the invention is intended are particularly suitable for green roofs and ensure that despite delayed water delivery into the Sewerage does not cause permanent waterlogging, which could affect plant growth. On the other hand the water drainage system according to the invention is also intended for suitable for use on green roofs, patios, etc. and ensure even water delivery. Damage to the surface due to frost pressure or friction an ice sheet should be avoided. In addition, that should water drainage system according to the invention to the locally found Conditions and the intended application, for example to the type of planting, flexibly adaptable, but just be set up.

These tasks are solved with the water drainage system according to claim 1. Other forms of training result itself from the subclaims. The invention also relates to the use of the water drainage system according to claims 21 and 22.

In particular, the water drainage system claimed in claim 1 relates a system which has at least one water drain pipe, through which is located on a surface Water is discharged, as well as one protruding over the surface Inner tube includes. Water drain pipe and inner pipe are tightly connected to each other, so that from the Surface draining water essentially exclusively reaches the water drain pipe via the inner pipe. According to the invention the inner tube is designed so that only one predetermined, limited proportion of the water the inner tube can be introduced into the water drainage tube, per Unit of time in the inner pipe and from there into the water drain pipe can reach.

In contrast to the water drainage systems of the prior art Technology is the amount of water that is on an area to be drained has fallen and which - if necessary after exceeding a predetermined maximum Water level on the surface - derived from the surface should not be without a time delay and such derived from the surface as quickly as possible, but the Excess water is drained at a time Delay so that much of the over the inner tube in the water drain pipe to be drained water first on the Area is retained. This is achieved in that the area of the through openings through which the to be discharged Water can enter the inner tube, limited in this way is that not all of the water to be drained off immediately the inner tube can enter. The passage area for that Water is chosen so that only the desired amount of water per unit time drain through the inner tube can. This ensures that not immediately everything on the surface and through the inner tube derivable water is derived from the area. Much more can ensure a defined and slow water drainage be, which makes it possible, possibly predetermined To be able to comply with wastewater values.

By a suitable choice of the design of the inner tube the water drainage system according to the invention is both suitable for areas on which water is planned and excess water then with a time delay the inner tube is drained off as soon as a certain water level is exceeded, as well as for cases without water accumulation, in those with the time delay according to the invention the water on the surface if possible to be fully derived.

The delayed drainage of excess water can be achieved in one embodiment of the invention be that the inner tube at its over the area projecting end is open and the inner diameter of the Inner tube is chosen so that the desired flow rate per unit of time. A corresponding one For example, water drainage system can basically like the system shown in Fig. 5 can be constructed. However becomes the inlet cross-section for the water to be drained very be much less than that of the system of the state the technique in which an instant drain of the excess Water was intended. The invention Inner tube, which in connection with that shown in Fig. 5 Arrangement can be used via its have a uniform inner diameter over the entire length, or it is only in a partial area on one suitable inner diameter narrowed.

In the described variant of the water drainage system according to the invention it is possible that in a very slow flow of water and very heavy rainfall a very high water level on the to draining area. In some cases it can however, it may be desirable to have a certain maximum water level is not exceeded. This applies, for example when there is planting on the area to be drained is present, the roots of which are due to a too high water level and waterlogging in the root area can be damaged can. To increase the water level above the maximum Preventing desired water levels can be in the area there is an emergency drain on the area to be drained his. Due to this emergency drain water, which after reaching the maximum desired water level towards the draining area, immediately and without time Delay dissipated from the area. The admission of the emergency drain is further from the height draining area away as the entrance opening (s) of the inner tube. The outlet of the emergency drain can, for example either into the sewage system, or the excess Water is drained from the building facade.

In a second variant according to the invention, which is alternative or in addition to that described above Variant can be used, the delayed Water drainage achieved in that according to the invention in the pipe jacket of the inner tube, in the area in which the inner tube protrudes beyond the surface, at least one through opening through which that is on the surface through standing water inside the inner tube and from there can drain through the water drain pipe. Preferably the inner tube has a plurality of through openings on.

The number and size of the through openings are appropriate chosen so that a predetermined amount per unit of time Water can run off the surface. This can ensure be that only a limited amount of time per unit of time Water drains from the area to be drained and the specified Waste water values are complied with. Of course can also several water drainage systems according to the invention can be used on one surface.

To prevent uncontrolled water from entering the inner tube penetrates, the inner tube is expedient at its upper, closed over the surface protruding end. In an alternative embodiment, the inner tube be long that it continues beyond the drainage Area protrudes than the expected maximum water level on this area. In both cases it is prevented that water after exceeding the maximum intended Accumulation height through the upper, open end of the drain pipe a known drainage arrangement, such as was described in connection with Figure 5, uncontrolled expires.

The water drainage system according to the invention can be used both for the drainage of areas on which the accumulation of a defined water reservoir is provided, as well as on areas from which the water is to run off completely.
In the former case, the inner tube is provided with only one or more through openings in its upper end region, while no openings are provided in the region which is adjacent to the surface to be drained. The area of the inner tube protruding above the surface is not provided with through openings at a height which corresponds to the maximum desired accumulation height of the water on the surface. Up to this height, water falling on the surface can be dammed up. If the water level rises above this level, the water flows through the at least one through opening into the interior of the inner pipe and from there via the water drainage pipe from the surface. As mentioned, the flow rate per time can be adjusted to the desired level for the assigned catchment area by a suitable choice of the number and size of the through openings, so that a continuous flow of the water is ensured.

On the other hand, if no water reservoir is to remain on the surface, the inner tube is also in its lower area provided with through openings so that the whole on water accumulated gradually over the inner tube can drain off.

The invention also has the advantage of the water drainage system targeted to the conditions found and To be able to adapt application areas. For example the local rainfall varies greatly and it make it seem appropriate, the flow rates accordingly adjust. This is particularly important in the case of greenery Roof areas where waterlogging is a nuisance of plant growth can result. On the other hand, it can especially in drier and less precipitation areas be expedient, descending on the green areas To keep water available for the plants longer and so to positively influence their growth. This is especially true for extensive green areas. Different too Types of layered structures for green roofs as well different types of planting make different Types of irrigation and drainage required. Occasionally can also adapt drainage to the seasonally appropriate conditions appropriate his.

The invention enables easy adaptation of the water drainage system to the conditions described. So can the accumulation height of the water on the area to be drained can be easily adjusted by adjusting the height that area of the inner tube that of through openings should remain free, is chosen accordingly. At the first variant according to the invention, in which the discharge amount controlled via the inner diameter of the inner tube the accumulation height of the water is regulated by the height, with which the inner tube protrudes over the surface.

The speed with which accumulated on the surface Water drained from this area can, as already described by appropriate choice of the number and size of Through openings in the inner tube or the passage cross section of the inner tube can be adjusted. Corresponding this gives the period over which pent-up Water remains available on the area and for example from plants growing on this area and can be used. This can be done despite improved retention properties be prevented that water permanently dammed up because of the construction of the invention Water drainage system for a continuous Water drainage is provided when the water level is a predetermined one Height exceeds. Damage to plantings the area due to constant waterlogging can thus be avoided become.

For the adaptation of the water drainage system according to the invention one appropriately goes to the respective local conditions so that the required retention capacity of the Systems or the appropriate amount of water runoff per time the amount of precipitation available for the region and their temporal distribution is determined. The necessary Precipitation values are, for example, from the regional ones Weather stations available. Order, number and Size of the through openings or the inner diameter of the Inner tube can be useful with the help of a data processing system can be calculated from known and proven systems and uses as a standard can be. In the calculation program you can also the following additional parameters are taken into account: the Type of planting; the water retention properties of the area to be drained; Water loss through evaporation; the type of layer structure for green roofs and the water retention properties of this layer structure; the desired maximum discharge quantities per unit of time or where appropriate, prescribed discharge quantities per year.

The distribution of the through openings along the inner tube does not have to be uniform according to the invention. Much more can vary the number and / or size of the through openings change in the axial direction of the inner tube. In this way a time-variable water drain can be set.

For example, it can be useful for green roof areas be at a very high water level for one initially to ensure faster water drainage. This is achieved by that number and / or size of the through openings in Increase towards the upper end of the inner tube. In this way, it can be prevented sets a high water level on the roof for a long time, damage caused by waterlogging in the root area the planting leads. However, is the water level may have dropped to a level that is no longer harmful slow drainage of water from the roof may be appropriate, around the plants with water for a long period of time to supply.

In order to enable the water drainage system according to the invention to be adapted to the local conditions found in each case or to the seasonally changing conditions, the water drainage system is particularly preferably designed such that the position, number and / or size of the through openings can be varied variably.
For this purpose, on the one hand, the inner pipe can be arranged displaceably in the water drain pipe. For example, if you move an inner pipe, the area of which protrudes with perforations over the area to be drained, in the longitudinal direction in the water drain pipe up or down, this changes the number of through openings through which water can flow through the inner pipe into the water drain pipe. If the inner tube is pulled further out of the water drainage pipe, more through openings are available, and the amount of water which can flow away from the surface per unit of time increases accordingly.

However, if you use a water drainage system with a defined one Water accumulation can be avoided by moving the Inner tube in the water drainage pipe targeted the water level adjust depending on how far the non-perforated part the inner pipe is pulled out of the water drain pipe.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the water drainage system according to the invention is equipped with a further pipe which is arranged radially inside or outside the inner pipe and bears against it. The inner tube and the other tube are displaceable and / or rotatable relative to one another.
The further pipe can on the one hand be free of through-openings and then serve to set the maximum accumulation height of the water on the surface to be drained in the event of a water build-up, or it can be used to cover one or more through-openings in the inner pipe in whole or in part and thus the outflow quantity to adjust to water.

In another variant, the further tube also has one or more through openings. This is useful at least one through opening of the further tube so arranged that they are associated with an opening overlaps the inner tube. By moving and / or twisting the further tube and the inner tube against each other, the number and / or size of the resulting can then Continuous openings through both pipes varied and adapted to the requirements.

For the setting that corresponds to the respective requirements of the two pipes to each other to facilitate a scale is available for the inner tube and / or the further tube his. The scale can be constructed in this way, for example be that the position of the two pipes to each other for certain, predetermined runoff quantities. Additionally or alternatively, the scale can be a clue offer for how the position of the two Tubes to each other when used in certain layer structures, Area sizes, certain climates, certain seasons, for certain types of plantings, etc. changes. The described preferred embodiment of the invention Drainage system allows one and adapt the same system to a variety of applications. The system can therefore be used extremely flexibly without being complicated.

In a further preferred embodiment, in which the water drainage system is slidable in the water drainage pipe Includes inner and / or other tube is in the upper End area of the inner tube and / or another tube Floating bodies available. This float ensures that inner tube and / or another tube according to that the prevailing water level in the area to be drained Water drain pipe can be moved up and down. This arrangement can help regardless of the prevailing water pressure to ensure a constant water drainage. In the case of a fixed pipe, the upper end of which with a Lid is closed and which in its upper area over a given height a certain number of Has through openings, the flow rate changes of water depending on how high the water supernatant is above the through openings. With increasing water level the water pressure on the pipe increases, and accordingly the amount of water that passes through the through openings increases drains away. If you use an appropriate one Tube with a perforated upper section and a perforation-free lower section, which at its upper edge is provided with a floating body, the water pressure remains constant regardless of the water level, because the pipe moves according to the fluctuating water level becomes.

In order to enable the maintenance of the water drainage system according to the invention or to be able to change the selected settings over time, the system according to the invention expediently has a shaft into which the inner tube projects and which surrounds the inner tube at a distance from it.
In the case of a system with water accumulation, the storage space for holding the water is expediently located in the area around the end of the shaft which is adjacent to the surface to be drained. Storage space and the interior of the shaft are then connected to one another via at least one passage.
When using the water drainage system according to the invention for draining green areas, at least one drain layer and / or a single-layer substrate and / or at least one plant substrate layer can be arranged above the storage space.

Fig. 1a

einen Querschnitt durch ein Kiesdach im Bereich eines erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflußsystems;

Fig. 1b

das im Wasserabflußsystem gemäß Fig. 1a verwendete Innenrohr in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt durch ein Kiesdach im Bereich eines weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflußsystems;

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt durch ein Dach mit Intensivbegrünung im Bereich eines weiteren Beispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflußsystems;

Fig. 4

zwei Komponenten eines erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflußsystems in zusammengesetztem und nicht zusammengesetztem Zustand und

Fig. 5

ein Wasserabflußsystem des Standes der Technik im Querschnitt.

The invention will be explained below using the example of roof surfaces as surfaces to be drained with reference to a drawing. In it show schematically

Fig. 1a

a cross section through a gravel roof in the area of a water drainage system according to the invention;

Fig. 1b

the inner tube used in the water drainage system according to FIG. 1a in a perspective view;

Fig. 2

a cross section through a gravel roof in the area of another water drainage system according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a cross section through a roof with intensive greenery in the area of another example of a water drainage system according to the invention;

Fig. 4

two components of a water drainage system according to the invention in the assembled and disassembled state and

Fig. 5

a water drainage system of the prior art in cross section.

FIG. 1a describes a water drainage system according to the invention, which is used on a gravel roof. The invention Water drainage system corresponds in some features the system described in connection with FIG. 5 the state of the art. To avoid repetitions, matching components should not be described again become. The same reference numerals are used in all figures same parts.

The essential difference of the water drainage system according to the invention, which is shown in Fig. 1 to the 5 prior art water drainage system in the design of the inner tube 4. While that 5 is open at the top and in has no through openings in its tubular casing area, is the inner tube 4 of the water drainage system according to the invention in the area over the roof area 2 protrudes with a variety of through openings 5 provided that evenly over this area of the Rohres are distributed. In addition, the inner tube 4 is in his closed upper area (see FIG. 1b). In this way prevents excess at a very high water level Water penetrate into the inner tube from above and can flow out in an uncontrolled manner. Alternatively, it would be possible the inner tube 4 above the maximum expected water level extend upward so that even if that Inner tube is unlocked at the top, no water from above the inside of the pipe can enter. In the event that once the water level rises so high that it overflows of water over the upper end of the drill can be feared on the roof surface just below the upper end of the inner tube an emergency drain for excess water is provided be so that an increase in water level up to upper tube end is avoided.

FIG. 1 shows the use of a water drainage system according to the invention on a gravel roof, in which an immediate drainage of the water which has sunk on the roof was previously desired in order to prevent an ice sheet from forming on the roof in the event of frost, which is damaged by frost pressure and movements of the roof and ultimately could lead to leaks. So far, the water has been released from a gravel roof directly to the sewage system without delay and in a non-reduced amount.
In contrast, the invention allows the water that has fallen on the gravel roof to be retained for a certain time, only a predetermined amount of water per unit time to flow off the roof and, in addition, to reduce the amount of water dispensed by keeping the water on the roof for a while and can evaporate from there. This is made possible by the fact that by a suitable choice of the number and / or size of the through openings 5 of the inner tube only a predetermined amount of water that has sunk on the roof surface 2 per time is passed through the through openings into the interior of the inner tube and from there via the water drainage tube 1 into the Sewerage. However, since water continuously drains through the through openings 5, a closed ice sheet does not form on the roof, so that damage caused by frost pressure or movements of this ice sheet does not occur.

The inner tube 4 is arranged in a shaft 19 which with a removable cover 20 is closed. To this The water drainage system according to the invention is also according to installation on the roof accessible from the outside and can be serviced become. The construction described makes it possible moreover, the desired water runoff quantities still on site change. This can be done, for example, using the sealing rings 18 in the water drain pipe 1 attached inner tube be moved up and down in the axial direction. This changes the number of through openings 5, which of flowing Water can flow through. Changes accordingly the amount of water flowing out per unit of time.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is for drainage a gravel roof used. However, it is equally suitable for example for the drainage of graveled floor areas, of terraces, balconies or planted areas such as particularly green roof areas. In the latter case would be adjacent to the shaft 19 instead the gravel layer 21 has a plant substrate layer.

To prevent coarse particles from entering the shaft and the water drainage system will be flushed out, the drain Water through drainage or Filter pipes directed to the water drainage system. The filter tubes 22 are connected to each other like a network and on the ends remote from the shaft closed. The expiring Water enters the filter tubes through side slots on.

FIG. 2 shows an example of extensive green roofs, in which another embodiment of an inventive Water drainage system is used. The water drainage system corresponds essentially to that which was discussed in connection with Fig. 1. Only the top one End region 6 of inner tube 4 has through openings 5 on. There is also a at the upper end of the inner tube Float 11 arranged. This float causes that the inner tube more or less depending on the water level is pulled far out of the water drain pipe 1. This has the consequence that regardless of the height of the water level the water pressure with which the water flows through the Through openings 5 flows into the inner tube 4, practical remains constant. So it is achieved in this way that the amount of water draining from the roof also changes practically does not change over time, even if the rainfall vary widely. Compliance with the flow rate is therefore guaranteed in a particularly constant manner.

To ensure good mobility of the inner pipe 4 in the water drain pipe 1 is used here instead of the sealing rings another type of fastening used. The inner tube 4 is with a small gap in the water drain pipe plugged in. The space is thin Filled water film on which the inner pipe in the water drain pipe can slide up and down.

Figure 3 shows the use of a water drainage system according to the invention in connection with an intensive green roof with water retention. To the plants 7 a sufficient Granting water supply is in the layer structure 8, which is arranged on the roof surface 2, a water reservoir 12 available. The maximum water level, with which the water 3 in the long run within the Layer structure 8 can accumulate, is determined by the height of the another tube 9 specified. As soon as this maximum water level a predetermined proportion flows of water 3 through the through openings 5 of the inner tube 4, which is inserted into the further tube 9 is. The flow rate per unit of time is again over the Number and / or size of the through openings 5 controlled.

The arrangement shown ensures that it is on the roof falling water with a long-term Level above the desired maximum water level can. At the same time, however, excess is prevented Water runs out of the roof in an uncontrolled manner. By the continuous drain of the excess water will also prevents permanent waterlogging which affects plant growth. With especially sensitive plants can be useful the drain layer 15, which is through the filter mat 16 separated from the plant substrate 17, so as to enlarge the plant substrate 17 and the plants growing on it 7 continue to be removed from the water reservoir 12.

In addition, it can prove advantageous to use the Layer construction materials used on the modified Adjust water retention. For example, materials can be used with a larger pore volume better absorb the more abundant water can. The improved water balance allows the Planting with more demanding plants than before with comparable layer structures was possible - and that with both intensive and extensive greening. There is also a planting that is more elevated Water supply is well adjusted. Exemplary Plants from the pond edge and riverside area called become like rushes or reeds.

4 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of further tube 9 and inner tube 4. The design of the two parts shown makes it possible in a particularly simple manner to adapt the water drainage system according to the invention to the conditions found and the intended use.
Figure 4a shows an inner tube 4, which is closed at its upper end and has a plurality of slot-shaped through openings 5 in its tubular jacket.

Figure 4b shows an associated further pipe 9, which is open on both sides and also in its tubular casing has slot-shaped through openings 10. The outside diameter of the further tube 9 corresponds essentially the inner diameter of the inner tube 4, so that the Inner tube, when it is attached to the other tube, on this.

Figure 4c shows the inner tube 4 and another tube 9 in the assembled state. The two tubes are shifted against each other so that the through openings 5 and 10 each partially coincide with each other. This results in a common through-opening through both pipes, through which water enters the inside of the pipes and from there can be passed on to a water drain pipe 1 (not shown). By moving and / or rotating the inner tube on the further tube 9, the size of the resulting through openings can be varied practically continuously through both tubes. In this way, the outflow quantities which can flow off per unit of time through the arrangement shown can be set to the desired values in a very simple manner. The arrangement shown is therefore suitable for a large number of applications without having to make changes to the individual components of the water drainage system according to the invention.
In order to simplify the setting of the two pipes 4, 9 relative to one another, scalings may be present on the inner pipe 4 and / or the further pipe 9, which, however, are not shown in the illustration for simplification.

The following tables should, for different application examples, the influence of the size of the through openings in the inner tube to the amount of water per Clarify time unit.

In all application examples given in the tables inner tubes were used, which immediately above the roof area to be drained, a single passage opening of either 5 or 6 mm in diameter.

In Table 1, the time was measured for a base area of 100 m ² , which was required for different water levels to completely drain the area. The water level was lower than the layer height of the storage medium that was applied to the roof surface. Gravel and expanded slate of the specified grain sizes were used as the storage medium. As can be seen in Table 1, the time for which the water on the roof surface is retained on this depends on the one hand on the type of storage medium and on the other hand on the water level and the available cross-section of the drain. The running speed is reduced with decreasing discharge cross-section and increasing storage capacity of the storage medium. In any case, however, the outflow delay values are many times higher than for the systems of the prior art, in which water is discharged into the sewage system practically without delay.

Table 2 shows a more detailed breakdown of the discharge delay of roof surfaces with expanded slate 2/11 as Storage medium. For different area sizes are each the discharge speeds to the next lower one Accumulation level listed. In the first line (accumulation height = 11 cm) is the time in minutes, which is required to raise the water level to 9 cm reduce, followed by the time in the second column, which is required to reduce the water level from 9 to 7 cm is, etc. The last three lines are added up values, i.e. the time that is required to remove the water from the surface with a Allow the accumulation height of 11 cm to drain completely.

The values shown show that it is possible to extend the drainage of water from the roof surface considerably compared to conventional systems. On the one hand, this enables compliance with specified wastewater values, and on the other hand, the water retained on the roof is available longer for any existing planting. This increased water supply can positively influence the growth of the plants on the roof. In addition, the flow rate of the water can be influenced in a targeted manner by setting the arrangement, number and / or size of the through openings of the inner tube and / or the inner diameter of the inner tube of the water drainage system according to the invention in the manner described above. The water drainage system according to the invention can thus be specifically adapted in a simple manner to the conditions found and the intended use. Overview of the discharge delay depending on the storage medium and the accumulation level in contrast to the prior art Drainage delay in hours per 100 square meter area Accumulation height 11cm 9cm 5cm 3cm 1 cm 11cm 9cm 5cm 3cm 1 cm Storage medium Drainage cross section 5 mm Drain cross section 6 mm Gravel 16/32 109 97 71 54 35 94 85 62 48 32 Expandable slate 4/16 129 115 83 63 41 111 100 74 57 38 Expandable slate 2/11 176 157 114 86 56 152 137 101 78 52 without drainage delay depending on the storage medium 0.1-1 hour Drainage delay depending on storage medium (expanded slate 2/11), drainage restriction (5/6 mm) area size and accumulation height Accumulation height in cm 5 mm hole 50 sqm 100 sqm 150 sqm 200 sqm 11 56 560 1120 1680 2240 9 58 580 1160 1740 2320 7 71 710 1420 2130 2840 5 83 830 1660 2490 3320 3rd 92 920 1840 2760 3680 1 169 1690 3380 5070 6760 Drainage delay in Minutes 5290 10580 15870 21160 Drainage delay in Hours 88 176 265 353 Drainage delay in Days 3.7 7.3 11.0 14.7 Accumulation height in cm 6 mm hole 50 sqm 100 sqm 150 sqm 200 sqm 11 43 430 860 1290 1720 9 51 510 1020 1530 2040 7 56 560 1120 1680 2240 5 69 690 1380 2070 2760 3rd 78 780 1560 2340 3120 1 158 1580 3160 4740 6320 Drainage delay in Minutes 4550 9100 13650 18200 Drainage delay in Hours 76 152 228 303 Drainage delay in Days 3.2 6.3 9.5 12.6

Claims (22)

Water drainage system, which comprises at least one water drainage pipe (1) for draining water (3) located on a surface (2) and an inner pipe (4) projecting over the surface, which is connected to the water drainage pipe (1) in a tightly sealing manner such that the water running off the surface essentially only enters the water drain pipe (1) via the inner pipe (4),
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) is designed such that only a limited, predetermined proportion of the total amount of water that can be discharged through the inner tube (4) can be introduced into the water drainage tube (1) per unit of time. Water drainage system according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) is open at its end projecting above the surface (2) and the proportion of water which can be discharged is adjusted via the inner diameter of the inner tube (4). Water drainage system according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) has at least one through opening (5) in the region of its tubular jacket projecting over the surface (2) for the passage of the water running off the surface. Water drainage system according to claim 3,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) has a plurality of through openings (5). Water drainage system according to one of claims 3 or 4,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) has no through openings in a region adjacent to the surface (2) and the at least one through opening (5) is present in an upper end region (6) of the inner tube. Water drainage system according to one of claims 3 to 5,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) is closed at its upper end projecting above the surface (2). Water drainage system according to one of claims 3 to 6,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) protrudes further over the surface (2) than the expected maximum water level on the surface. Water drainage system according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized by
that the number and / or size of the through openings (5) or that the inner diameter of the inner tube (4) are selected as a function of the local precipitation amounts to be expected and / or the seasonal amounts of precipitation to be expected. Water drainage system according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized by
that the number and / or size of the through openings (5) or that the inner diameter of the inner tube (4) are selected as a function of a planting (7) present on the surface (2) and in particular of the layer structure (8) carrying the planting. Water drainage system according to one of claims 3 to 9,
characterized by
that the number and / or size of the through openings (5) change in the axial direction of the inner tube (4). Water drainage system according to claim 10,
characterized by
that the number and / or size of the through openings (5) in the direction of the upper end region (6) of the inner tube (4) increase or decrease. Water drainage system according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) in the water drainage pipe (1) is arranged displaceably. Water drainage system according to one of claims 3 to 12,
characterized by
that a further tube (9) is arranged radially inside or outside of the inner tube (4) and adjoining it, and both tubes are displaceable and / or rotatable relative to one another. Water drainage system according to claim 13,
characterized by
that in the further tube (9) there is at least one through opening (10). Water drainage system according to claim 14,
characterized by
that the at least one through opening (10) of the further tube (9) is designed such that it overlaps with an associated through opening (5) of the inner tube (4) and by moving and / or rotating both tubes (4, 9) against one another the size the resulting passage opening can be changed through both pipes. Water drainage system according to claim 15,
characterized by
that on the inner tube (4) and / or further tube (9) there is a scale which places the position of the two tubes (4, 9) in relation to one another in relation to the size of the at least one resulting through opening. Water drainage system according to one of claims 12 to 16,
characterized by
that a floating body (11) is arranged in the upper end region of the inner tube (4) and / or further tube (9). Water drainage system according to one of claims 1 to 17,
characterized by
that the inner tube (4) protrudes into a shaft (19) which surrounds the inner tube at a distance from this. Water drainage system according to claim 18,
characterized by
that in the area around the surface (2) facing the end of the shaft (19) a storage space (12) for receiving water (3) is provided and storage space (12) and the interior of the shaft (19) with each other via at least one passage Connect. Water drainage system according to claim 19,
characterized by
that at least one drain layer (15) and / or at least one plant substrate layer (17) is arranged above the storage space (12). Use of the water drainage system according to one of the Claims 1 to 20 for regulating water drainage of roof areas or terraces. Use of the water drainage system according to claim 21 on gravel roofs and on roofs with intensive and / or extensive green roof.

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