Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
  • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
  • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced

Definitions

• the invention concerns a wall element system comprising heat insulations and fire- resistant or acoustic insulations as well as carriers consisting of vertical and horizontal studs.
• the conventional building method comprises forming a structural frame on top of a foundation.
• the frame usually consists of horizontal planks and vertical studs in between, which form the load-bearing structure.
• the required heat insulating boards are placed between the vertical studs and damp-proofing plastics are fastened inside and wind-proofing boards outside the heat insulations.
• the wooden frame together with its insulations is covered on its outside surface with an exterior coating and on its inside with interior decoration boards.
• Such a wall element is known, for example, from the Norwegian patent specification 151251.
• the element according to this specification consists of an insulation material core on both sides of which covering boards are attached by glueing. On the inside of each covering board vertical studs are attached by glueing at equal distances from one another, whereby the vertical studs go into grooves in the insulating material.
• the vertical studs on opposite sides are at different locations.
• Elements can be combined side by side and on top of one another in order to form entire walls.
• Such an element is prefabricated at the factory and it can not be put together from its components on the building site. No changes can be made to the element on the building site.
• the element according to the specification does not contain any fire- resistant layer, so such a layer and its supporting structures must be added afterwards as external structural members of the element.
• the invention concerns a wall element based on a predesigned thermally insulating board of cellular plastic. Fire resistance is a problem with thermal insulations of cellular plastic, which means that the wall structure preferably also contains fire-resistant layers.
• the invention especially concerns a wall element for such a wall structure which contains thermal insulations in the form of boards, additional insulations and carriers consisting of vertical load-bearing studs which can be at least partly embedded in grooves in the thermal insulation.
• the wall element according to the invention can be preassembled at the element factory or it can be easily assembled on the building site without any special tools.
• the invention also concerns a wall element system based on such a wall element.
• the wall element according to the invention is characterized by the features presented in claim 1.
• the wall element system according to the invention is characterized by the features presented in claim 6.
• the thermal insulation comprises a thermal insulation board of cellular plastic, where at least on one side grooves for vertical load-bearing studs are formed at desired locations and preferably equally spaced.
• the width of these grooves corresponds with the thickness of the vertical studs so that the vertical studs can be embedded in the grooves.
• the groove depth is chosen so that when placed against the groove bottom the vertical stud will protrude from the thermal insulation board by a distance equal to the thickness of an additional insulation layer.
• a space is formed between the inner surface of the thermal insulation board and each vertical stud and a fire-resistant board is placed in this space.
• the distance between grooves is chosen so that, for example, a fire-resistant board of standard size, for example, a mineral wool board, fills the space between the thermal insulation board and the vertical studs.
• the invention is further characterized in that the vertical studs can be mounted into the grooves in the thermal insulation boards by nailing or by attaching in some similar way to vertically oriented ribs located on the side opposite to the thermal insulation board. Screw mounting, for example, may be used just as well instead of nailing.
• An advantage of this procedure is that mounting can be done either at the heat insulation factory or it can easily be done later on the building site.
• the grooves support the vertical studs and prevent them from buckling when loaded.
• a material thinner than the normal material can thus be used for the vertical studs.
• the vertical ribs can easily mount horizontal mounting planks or ribs required for mounting the external cladding so that an air gap remains between the thermal insulation board and the external cladding.
• On the inside of the element a uniform smooth surface is formed after mounting the fire-resistant board or other additional insulation layer, because the external side surfaces of the vertical studs are at the same level with the fire-resistant board.
• the additional insulation layer is as dense as possible because the grooves in the thermal insulation boards locate the vertical studs precisely in their proper locations without any measurements.
• the wall element system according to the invention is further characterized in that the vertically oriented lateral edges of the thermal insulation boards are shaped so that a tight tongue-and-groove joint is formed when elements are located side by side.
• One side of each thermal insulation board thus has a groove and the other side has a corresponding protrusion.
• the bottom edge of the heat insulation board is also preferably provided with an indentation so that it fits tightly into the horizontal plank or other carrying profile located on the foundation.
• the top ends of the vertical studs have an indentation where a horizontal beam at the top edge of the element can be mounted.
• the vertical ribs may also function as load-bearing vertical studs.
• vertically oriented grooves may be formed also in the external side of the thermal insulation board at locations corresponding to those in the internal side.
• the groove depth may be chosen so that the vertical studs functioning as vertical ribs protrude from the surface of the thermal insulation board, whereby additional insulation boards can also be placed between the studs.
• the groove depth may also be chosen so that the vertical studs are embedded entirely into the thermal insulation board on the external side of the insulation board.
• the thermal insulation board may thus be fire-insulated or sound-insulated on both sides.
• the number of load- bearing vertical studs may be considerably higher and the material may thus be thinner.
• any shape-permanent insulation material in the form of a board and functioning as thermal insulation may be used as insulation material, if suitable for the purpose as regards its strength.
• Very suitable materials are cellular plastic products, such as cellular polystyrene (EPS or XPS), and polyurethanes and cellular plastics containing phenolfor- maldehyde resin.
• EPS or XPS cellular polystyrene
• any material in the form of a board and with adequate fire- resisting properties can be used as the fire-resistant layer forming the additional insulation.
• Mineral wool for example, is a suitable material.
• Heavy mineral wool for example, is a suitable material in terms of acoustic engineering.
• the additional insulation layer is preferably in board form, but a material to be blown in place can also be applied instead of a board.
• Wood and plywood are advantageous materials for the load-bearing parts.
• Plastic profiles which may be either fibre-reinforced or non-reinforced, may also be used as material for the vertical load-bearing studs, the vertical ribs and the horizontal ribs.
• Metals, such as steel or aluminium profiles, may of course be chosen as material.
• the wall element according to the invention is light and easy to mount without any special tools and hoisting equipment.
• the structure is good in terms of energy technology, because no cold bridges are formed between the elements, and it is structural ⁇ ly strong, because the vertical load-bearing studs are embedded in grooves of the thermal insulation boards, whereby buckling risks are eliminated.
• the wall element according to the invention is also structurally simple and thus also attractive as regards its price, and no separate windscreen layers are needed.
• Figures 1 and 2 show sectional views from the side and from above and exploded views of main components in a wall element system according to the invention
• Figure 3 shows a view from above of two wall elements according to Figure 2 with the components fitted and mounted together;
• Figure 4 shows a view from above of two modified wall elements according to Figure 3 with the components fitted and mounted together;
• Figure 5 shows a view from above of a wall element having a fire-resistant layer or some other additional insulation layer on either side;
• Figure 6 shows a modification of the wall element shown in Figure 5.
• Figure 7 shows a perspective sectional view of a whole wall element.
• Figures 1 and 2 show a thermal insulation board 10, vertical studs 20, vertical ribs 30 and a fire-resistant board 40 separate from each other.
• Vertically oriented grooves 11 for vertical studs 20 are formed in the thermal insulation board 10.
• the width of grooves 11 corresponds with the thickness of vertical studs 20, whereby vertical studs 20 can be embedded in grooves 11.
• the depth of grooves 11 is chosen so that when pressed against bottom 12 of groove 11, stud 20 will protrude from the surface of thermal insulation board 10 by a distance equal to the thickness of fire-resistant board 40.
• a protrusion 13 is formed in one vertical side of thermal insulation board 10 and correspondingly a groove 14 of similar shape is formed in the other vertical side, so that a tongue-and-groove joint is possible between adjacent elements.
• Vertical studs 20 and vertical ribs 30 are fastened through thermal insulation board 10 with nails, screws or other such fasteners 31.
• Figure 3 shows a view from above of two adjacent wall elements with their components located and fastened in place.
• the figure also shows fire-resistant boards 40 fitting between vertical studs 20 and entirely filling the space between vertical studs 20 and thermal insulation board 10, whereby surface 41 of fire-resistant board 40 is in the same plane as the surface 21 of vertical studs 20.
• Reference number 32 indicates a horizontal plank or rib fastened to vertical ribs 30 for fastening an external wall cladding to the wall after the elements are mounted.
• Figure 4 is similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 3 with the exception that thermal insulation board 10 is also provided on its external side with vertically oriented grooves 15, into which vertical ribs 30 are embedded.
• Figure 5 shows a view from above of a wall element where the vertical ribs on the external side of the element are replaced with vertical studs 20 and where fire-resistant boards 40 are located on both sides of thermal insulation board 10.
• Figure 6 is similar to Figure 5 with the exception that vertical studs 20 on the external side of the wall element are also embedded entirely into thermal insulation board 10.
• a gypsum board 41 fastened to the structure with nails 31 by nailing through vertical ribs 42, board 41, vertical studs 20 and thermal insulation board 10 into vertical studs 20 on the opposite side of the vertical studs 20.
• a wall structure additionally insulated on both sides is thus achieved.
• Figure 7 shows a perspective view and partly sectional view of the wall element mounted on top of a horizontal plank 2 resting on foundation 1.
• the top edge of the element has a horizontal plank 3, which is fastened to indentations (not shown) in the top ends of vertical studs 20 embedded partly into thermal insulation board 10.
• the top side of the element is covered by a horizontal board 4.
• the figure furthe shows fire-resistant boards 40 functioning as additional insulation and fastened betwee thermal insulation boards 10 and vertical studs 20 so that their external surface on th internal wall surface is flush with the surface of vertical studs 20.
• Reference number 1 indicates the seam between two adjacent thermal insulation boards 10.
• a vapour-proo layer 50 is located on additional insulation board 40 and an internal coating board 60 i located on layer 50.
• the figure also shows electric cables 70 located i additional insulation layer 40 and leading to socket 71 in internal coating board 60.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8540885

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (4)

• 1994
  • 1994-06-10 FI FI942732A patent/FI98398C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1995
  • 1995-06-09 RU RU97100654A patent/RU2153047C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-06-09 HU HU9603412A patent/HU215516B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-06-09 EE EE9600173A patent/EE9600173A/et unknown
  • 1995-06-09 AU AU27387/95A patent/AU2738795A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-06-09 WO PCT/FI1995/000336 patent/WO1995034721A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-06-09 EP EP95922532A patent/EP0766766A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-06-09 PL PL95317648A patent/PL176355B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1996
  • 1996-12-09 NO NO965263A patent/NO965263L/no unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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