WO1995028349A1

WO1995028349A1 - Windlass

Info

Publication number: WO1995028349A1
Application number: PCT/EP1995/001338
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Hase; Ewald Ettrich
Original assignee: Hase, Anke
Priority date: 1994-04-19
Filing date: 1995-04-04
Publication date: 1995-10-26
Also published as: DE59501336D1; NZ284073A; EP0756575A1; AU684362B2; EP0756575B1; EP0685423A1; AU2257395A

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to improve a device for securing and tensioning cables, topes or wires, in particular sheet winches, drop winches, capstans, ships tackle, lifting blocks or pulley lifting tackle, with the aid of tapered disks (111, 112) which can be driven by a motor or manually via a crank or a cable pull and have a contoured surface, and with only one loop of the traction means. The improvement lies in achieving a secure clamp by the tapered disks on a rope which is wound only once, without any friction or damage to the traction means. This facilitates laying on and release and the improvement is noticeable in both directions of turn. To achieve such an improvement, it is proposed that the surface contouring (11a, b, c, 112a, b, c) should be in the form of straight or curving corrugations which radiate inwards.

Description

Winds

field of use

The invention relates to a device for holding and tensioning ropes, ropes or lines, particularly in as sheet, downdraft or anchor winches, in tackle or pulley blocks by means of conical disks which are connected to one another in a fixed or drive manner and which are connected by motor or by hand Crank or a cable can be driven and have a surface profile that generates a sufficient holding force with only one loop of the traction means.

State of the art

Such a device is known from DE 26 02 629 C3 and DE 25 52 436 C2. With these winch designs, the traction elements, namely ropes or ropes or lines, are held by their own friction between the conical discs or by fixing the traction device, if necessary to ensure sufficient frictional force even under high loads, in a multiple winding around the drum as with DE 27 40 090 C2.

Other devices for holding, tightening or releasing ropes of infinite or medium length without winding the rope onto a drum are also known, in which provision is made for means for pulling the rope in both directions of movement regardless of its length. For this purpose, a roller with a groove is provided, into which the rope is automatically pressed by movable jaws, with the result that any lengths of the rope can be tightened or reduced. However, these jaws make it difficult to quickly turn the tensioning means, furthermore the forces which can be exerted by a jaw are not always sufficient to adequately tighten the rope in the tensioning device lock. Due to the relatively high tensile forces acting on the clamping device, the jaw is also exposed to high tensile forces.

In addition, all previously known Profilge¬ designs have the disadvantages that they are based on the principle of friction and that they do not grip reliably when wrapped and additional friction-increasing windings are required, which disadvantageously increase the overall height of winches, as in DE 27 40 090 C2 , or that they produce very heavy wear on the rope surface, the profiles shown in DE-GM 75 00 571.

Task, solution, advantages

It is an object of the present invention to improve the above-mentioned device in such a way that the secure clamping action of the conical disks is achieved on a rope which is placed only with one loop, without a wearing or destructive effect on the rope even under loads of 10KN and more takes place that the application of the traction means is possible without risk of overflows with only one hand and so that both hands can be used in the subsequent manual tensioning by means of a crank or cable pull, that the loosening (tightening) can be done quickly, with one hand, that fetching and lifting under high load is made possible by a force-reinforcing thread and that weight and height can be reduced considerably (up to approx. 50%).

This object is achieved by the features marked in claim 1.

According to the invention it is provided that the profiles of the conical discs are designed so that the holding forces are generated primarily by positive locking and not by friction locking as in previously known designs. The surface profile is designed in such a way that when the lines engage, the lines are compressed longitudinally by the conically constricted waves and thus increase in volume. By moving the upper to the lower wave profile, the entire volume increase of the line is pressed into the opposite wave trough. According to the invention, the shaft is designed such that the flank of the profile is steeper in the pulling direction than in the downward direction in order to prevent the rope from being pulled through. On the other hand, the steepness of the pulling wave flank and the formation of the wave rounding are designed in such a way that there is no notch effect which damages the rope or its sheathing. As a result, a considerable improvement in the clamping effect is achieved compared to the prior art without a rope-destroying wear effect. Waves are also to be understood as webs or ribs.

In order to additionally increase the clamping effect by means of an inward-facing component, the profile can be placed in an arc shape or straight against the pulling direction.

An arm, pin or roller attached to the base body on which the cable drum or the conical pulleys are rotatably arranged preferably prevents an inadvertent pulling on the loose line or sheet end, thereby removing the tensioning means the clamping groove would be pulled out. Furthermore, this guide pin or this role serves to determine a minimum wrap of the drum or the groove of the conical disks. According to the invention, this role is on a radial. To be arranged in the direction of the movable lever held by a spring.

It can also make sense to arrange this pin rotatably in the direction of tension in the wrap direction, on the one hand to achieve the maximum possible wrap, on the other hand to reduce the wrap by returning the pin against the spring pressure and thus to enable the tensioning means to be loosened (fished).

If a scraper is also attached to the main body parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, so-called overruns can be effectively prevented, which arise when the free or loose end of the line is pulled under the pulling (tensioned) line and thus clamped by rotating the drum. The pin or the roller and the scraper are preferably arranged at approximately the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the drum. They can also be combined in one element.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the scraper has a finger or wedge-shaped arm which projects into the keyway between the conical disks but at a distance from them.

The distance to the bottom of the groove should be max. correspond to the thickness of the rope or rope to be tensioned. This provides precaution against multiple wrapping of the drum and thus prevents dangerous overruns.

The device is also provided with a reduction gear with an upstream conical disk brake mechanism and with a ratchet clutch that can be switched off for the direct drive of the cable drum. Brief description of the drawings

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. Show it:

1 is a perspective view of a device according to the invention with an inserted rope,

La is a view from the pulling direction of the rope,

2 shows a cross-sectional view of the device according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3,

3a u. 3b three different views with alternative profile designs of an upper and lower conical disk, with the offset profile,

4a-c three different views of a lower conical disk with alternative profile designs,

5 in a purely schematic view a further profile configuration,

Fig. 6a-c in schematic sectional views

Profile design at points P ^ P ₂ and P ₃ in Fig. 5,

7 shows a sectional illustration of a further embodiment of the device,

8 shows a detailed representation of FIG. 7, Fig. 9-12 sectional views along section lines AA, BB and CC in Fig. 7, and

13 shows, in two views, an application according to the invention in the violin block of a main sheet block and tackle with a clamping roller 201 according to the invention and a resilient looping pin 202.

Detailed description of the invention and best way to carry out the invention

The winch 100 shown in FIG. 1 is basically known from DE 26 02 629 C3. On a base body 10, a drum 11 consisting of two rotatably mounted conical disks 111, 112 is rotatably known, in the groove of which a cable 110 can be inserted. The drum 11 has a drive head 12 with a recess 13 into which a ratchet crank, not shown in the drawing, can be inserted.

If you turn the ratchet crank in the direction of arrow 14, the drum 11 is moved along with correspondingly provided driver elements, whereas the drum is locked against the direction of rotation shown. Preferably, a locking mechanism can also be used which, depending on the crank rotation, releases the desired direction of rotation, but blocks the opposite direction when the crank is released and vice versa.

On the base body 10, an arm, a roller or a pin 15 and a wiper 16 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum 11 and at a short distance from the keyway of the conical disks. The latter has one Wedge-shaped protuberance 17, which projects into the keyway 18 between the conical disks 111 and 112, but at a distance from the keyway base 18a. The distance should be smaller than the thickness of the rope or rope 110 to be tensioned.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the drum 11 consists of an upper conical disc 111 and a lower conical disc 112, which are centered by a bushing 113, which at the same time allows adjustment to different rope diameters by changing their height and is connected by screws 19 and are rotatably arranged relative to the base body 10. The rotatable mounting is known from the prior art, so that there is no need to go into this further. In Fig. 2, the wrap pin 15 is shown offset in the plane of the drawing.

The upper conical disk 111 shown in FIGS. 3a-c has on its inside purple a straight or curved profile, which consists of waves running in the form of rays. Their pitch t corresponds to about half to a rope strength and their profile is offset by 1/2 t to the lower cone pulley 112.

The profiles are directed inward, like purple, c, d, so that the divisions of the upper against the lower are offset by 1/2 division. The angle alpha of the conical pulley profiles can be adapted to the rope design.

Four screws 19 are used for fastening, which are screwed through the holes 20 of the bushing 113 into corresponding threaded bag holes 22. The profiles 111 and 112a, c, d change their cross section over their course, as shown in FIGS. 3d and 3e. At the beginning, the waves forming the profiling have a distance t which, owing to the start, increases to a distance T in the region of the edge 111b.

The lower conical disk 112 shown in Fig. 4a-c has holes 23 for the passage of the screws 19, furthermore, like the upper conical disk 111, a central bore 24 to 25 for receiving the drive head 12 or a hollow shaft in order to rotate the drum 11 to ensure relative to the base body 10.

The profiling 112a, c, d of the lower conical disk corresponds in terms of the profile profile and the orientation of the profiling purple, c, d with the proviso that it runs in opposite directions in the case of double-acting winds. This means that with disks 111 and 112 placed one on top of the other, the profiling on the lower disk has a left-hand course and the profile on the upper disk has a right-hand course. The profiling purple, c or 112a, c ensures, on the one hand, that the rope is guided in the direction of rotation with respect to the groove base 18a, while the opposing profiling on the opposite side increases the frictional action of the tensioning means inserted. The direction of pull is designated Z here. The bottom of the groove 18a is formed by a cylinder liner which centers both conical disks and with which the clearance is set for different rope strengths.

The profiling shown in Fig. 5 and 6a-c is shown so that the holding force of the tapered drums is effected by a positive profile, which is designed on the one hand so that it generates the required holding force and on the other hand the ropes, ropes or lines are not worn out or a braided sheath is overstressed or torn.

The structure of the profiling is such as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 6a to 6c. The basic radius R of the drum profiles in the corresponding contact circle of the rope, rope or line is designed in accordance with or smaller than the radius of the rope, rope or line. The head radius r of the profile is greater than 1.5 mm and less than 3 mm in contact diameter (1.5 mm <r <3 mm).

Depending on the application, the angle of attack of the profile against the direction of pull is 35 ° - 45 ° and the center line M of the profile runs through the center of the drum or affects a circle with a diameter d smaller than the outer diameter D of the drum.

It is preferably provided that the profiling of the upper conical disk in opposite, d. H. mirror-image direction as the profiling of the lower conical disk runs.

It is provided that the height H of the profile is at least 2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm, and that the flank angle alpha of the profile is steeper in the pulling direction than on the opposite side (flank angle Beta) of the profile. The top of the profile is provided with a wear-reducing hard layer.

The winch 200 is shown as a further embodiment in FIGS. 7 to 12. On a base body 31 is screwed on a bearing flange 32. The lower drum part 33 is rotatably mounted thereon, since it is connected to the upper drum part 34 by means of screws 35. The drive of the winch drum can be coupled directly to the drum when the crank rotates via the crank receptacle 36, the latches 37 (section AA). The locking ring brake consisting of brake cone surface 36a, brake locking disk 39 and gear shaft 38 opens, so that the pawls 40 (section BB) can grip, but the locking brake ring 39 can rotate freely. The gear pawls 42 cannot grip, the gear shaft 36 rotates freely in the central pinion 43. The planetary gear consisting of central pinion 43, intermediate gears 44, planet gears 45 driven by the drum teeth 33a overtakes the direct coupling and only rotates. If the tensile force in the rope increases so much that the 1: 1 drive is no longer sufficient and the crank movement is stopped, the drum (33 + 34) is pulled back by the pull rope until the gear pawls 42 engage in the central pinion 43. The central pinion is coupled to the gear shaft 36, which now rotates with its left-hand thread 38a into the crank receptacle 36 and clamps the locking brake ring 39 and takes it to the left until it catches the pawls 40 in the locking ring 39. This will block the winch and maintain traction. If we turn the drive crank and thus the crank receptacle to the left, the pawls 37 cannot act, the left-hand thread of the crank receptacle 36 clamps the brake force disk 39 against the thread of the drive shaft, the pawls 40 of which jump over when turning to the left further, the pawls 42 become effective, so that the planetary gear can come into operation, the cable drum 33 is further rotated by its internal teeth 33a clockwise in the geared drive with increased force.

CORRECTED SHEET (REGE 91) ISA / EP A switching disc 46 with a non-slip profile 46a and a stop pin 47 is supported on the upper drum part 34. A switching ring 48 with locking grooves 48a and pawl windows 48b is pressed into the switching disc. In the upper drum part 34 there is a stop pocket 49 which limits the stop movement of the switching disk 46 via the stop pin 47. Also in the upper drum part, there is a milling cut-out 50, a ball locking element 51, which locks into the locking grooves 48a of the locking ring 48 and holds the switching disc in the set position.

It is the task of the indexing disk to lift the pawls 37 and out of their operative position by turning to the left, and thus to achieve operation only in the gear reduction. This allows the forward and backward operation of the winch due to the described conical disk brake mechanism, which allows tensioning (fetching) and loosening (loosening) of the line in a finely metered manner. The lines are tensioned in the manner described above. When easing, the switching disc 46 is first turned to the left as far as the stop pin 47 is actuated, and the pawls 37 are thereby deactivated by the switching ring 48. The drum is braked in the manner described above. If you now want to party, turn the drive crank to the right, this releases the brake by releasing the clamp between the crank mount and the drive shaft 38 and releases the locking ring 39.

In Fig. 13 a violin block 200 is shown in a side view and in section to illustrate an application of the invention, the pinch roller with 201 and the U looping pin with 202 are designated. Reference list

Winch 100, 200

Rope, rope 110

Cone pulleys 111,112

Rifles 113

Basic body 10

Drum 11

Drive body 12

Recess 13

Arrow 14

Scraper 16

Protuberance 17

Keyway 18

Keilgrund 18a

Screws 19

Holes 20

Threaded blind holes 22

Hole 23, 24, 25

Base radius R

Flank angle alpha, beta

Head radius r

Center line M

Outside diameter D

Height H

Basic body 31

Bearing flange 32

Lower part of drum 33

Drum teeth 33a

Upper drum part 34

Screws 35

Crank mount 36

Brake cone surface 36a

Drum pawls 37

Gear shaft 38 Left-hand thread 38a

Brake locking disk 39

Brake pawls 40

Gear pawls 42

Central pinion 43

Idler gears 44

Planet gears 45

Switch disc 46

Profile 46a

Stop pin 47

Switch ring 48

Locking grooves 48a

Pawl window 48b

Stop bag 49

Milling 50

Ball locking element 51

Violin pad 200

Pinch roller 201

Wrapping pin 202

Claims

Expectations:

1. Device for tensioning and holding ropes, ropes or lines, in particular in sheet, downdraft or anchor winches, in talls or pulleys by means of conical disks (111, 112) which are connected to one another in a fixed or drive manner, by motor, by hand a crank or a cable can be driven and which have a surface profile with only one loop of the traction means, characterized in that the surface profile (purple, b, c, 112a, b, c) consists of radially inwardly directed waves which are straight or curved the holding force on the rope, the rope or the line of the conical drum disks (111, 112) is brought about by a positive profile which is designed in such a way that it generates the required holding force and the ropes, ropes or lines (110) not be worn out or the braided jacket is overstressed or torn.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a base radius R of the drum profiles in the corresponding contact diameter of the ropes, ropes or lines is the radius of this corresponding or smaller than this.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a head radius r of the profile in the contact diameter is greater than 1.5 mm and less than 3 mm.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the angle of attack of the profile against the pulling direction is 35 ° - 45 ° depending on the application.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outlet angle (beta) of the profile is 35 ° - 45 °.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a center line (M) of the profile runs through the center of the drum or tangent to a circle of the drum.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the profiling of the upper conical disk in opposite, d. H. mirror image direction as the profiling of the lower one runs.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the height (H) of the profiling is at least 2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the flank angle (alpha) of the profile is steeper in the pulling direction than the flank angle (beta) on the opposite side of the profile.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the surface of the profile is provided with a wear-reducing hard layer.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the wave profile of the upper disc (111) is offset by 1/2 division relative to the wave profile of the lower discs.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the profiling (purple, b, c) of the upper conical disk (111) is formed in the opposite direction to the profile (112a) of the lower disk (112).

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the setting of the clamping effect on the diameter of the traction means is carried out by changing the height of the bushing (113).

14. Device according to one of claims l to 13, characterized in that an arm, pin (15) or a resilient roller is arranged at a distance from the drum (11) formed by the conical disks (111, 112) with a parallel longitudinal axis .

15. The device according to one of claims l to 14, characterized in that a wiper (16) is provided at a distance from the drum formed by the conical disks with a longitudinal axis parallel thereto.

16. The device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the roller is rotatably arranged in the wrap direction.

17. The apparatus according to claim 14 or 16, characterized in that the stripper (16) in the vicinity of the pin (15) or the roller, is preferably arranged at approximately the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the drum.

18. Device according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the scraper and pin form a unit.

19. Device according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the scraper (16) has a wedge-shaped or finger-shaped protuberance (17) which is in the keyway (18) between the conical discs (111, 112) but at a distance of these, protrudes.

20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the distance to the bottom of the groove (18a) corresponds at most to the thickness of the rope (110) or rope to be tensioned.

21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that outside of the conical discs (111, 112) a radially resilient lever mounted in the base is arranged as a roller carrier.

22. The device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that that there is a sliding, ball or roller-mounted roller on the lever, which secures the loop and provides the least resistance to the continuous line.

23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that outside of the conical discs an eccentrically mounted spring axis is arranged to the center of the winch, designed so that the roller running on it can evade the pulling line against the wrap direction and the wrap is reduced to such an extent that rope, rope or line can slide over the profile.

24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the gear coupling consists of a driven threaded sleeve, a locking ring and a clamping spindle, in which the threaded sleeve and clamping spindle are left-handed. carry with right hand winds and vice versa.

25. Device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the clamping ring as a ratchet wheel in the clamped state allows only one direction of rotation.

26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the clamping cone angle of the clamping sleeve, clamping ring and clamping spindle is adjusted to the friction angle of the material.

27. The device according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the thread pitch of the clamping spindle and threaded sleeve is selected so that it generates the required frictional force on the locking brake ring in order to hold the load.

28. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the pawls for the direct drive of the drum (11) can be switched on with a switching ring (48).