EP0756575B1 - Windlass - Google Patents

Description

field of use

The invention is based on a device for holding and tensioning of ropes, ropes or lines, especially in as sheet, drop or anchor winches, in docks or Pulley blocks by means of fixed or impulsive together connected conical disks, which are motorized or by Hand can be driven via a crank or a cable and which have a surface profile that with only one loop around the traction device is sufficient Holding force generated.

State of the art

A device for holding and tensioning ropes, ropes or linen is from DE 26 02 629 C3 and DE 25 52 436 C2 known. With these winch versions, the Traction elements, namely ropes or ropes or lines through Internal friction between the conical discs or through Fixing the traction device kept, if necessary, also at sufficient frictional force for high loads ensure in a multiple winding around the drum as in DE 27 40 090 C2.

There are also other devices for holding, tightening or weakening of ropes of infinite or medium length known without winding the rope on a drum, at which is provided means for pulling the rope in both directions of movement regardless of its length enable. For this is a roller with a groove provided, in which the rope automatically by movable jaw is pressed, with the result that any length of the rope tightened or decreased can be. However, these jaws make it difficult quick turning of the clamping device, furthermore the forces not always exerted by a cheek to the rope sufficiently in the tensioning device lock. As a result of the relatively high tensile forces acting on the clamping device work, the jaw is also high Exposed to tensile forces.

In addition, all previously known profile designs have the disadvantages that they are based on the principle of Friction are based and that they are not when wrapped reliably grip and additional friction-increasing Windings are required that match the overall height of winches disadvantageously increase, as in DE 27 40 090 C2, or that they generate very heavy wear on the rope surface, the profiles as shown in DE-GM 75 00 571.

A device of the type mentioned is from the US-A-4,603,839 discloses a holding device of ropes by means of firmly connected describes tapered parts by hand using a crank are drivable and surface profiling have, with only one loop of the traction means, where the surface profiling from radiant inward waves that are arcuate are formed, the holding force on the rope of conical drum disc by a positive profile is effected that is designed so that it generates the required holding force and the rope does not is worn out.

Task, solution, advantages

It is an object of the present invention to begin with improve the device so that the secure clamping effect of the conical discs on only a rope placed on a loop can be reached, without one even at loads of 10KN and more wear or damage to the rope takes place that the hanging of the traction device without risk of Forming overflows with only one hand and self-holding is enabled, so that the following manual clamping using a crank or cable pull both hands can be used that the loosening (freezing) quickly, one-handed can be done that the fetching and celebrating under high load is made possible by a force-intensifying thread and that Weight and height significantly reduced (up to approx. 50%) can be.

This object is characterized by those in claim 1 Features resolved.

According to the invention it is provided that the profiles of the conical discs are designed so that the holding forces primarily by positive locking and not as in previously known Executions generated by friction. It is the surface profile designed so that when you intervene of the lines, these narrowed by the conically inwards Waves a longitudinal compression of the line and thus a Volume increases. By moving the top to lower wave profile is the total volume increase of the Leash pressed into the opposite trough. According to the shaft is designed so that the flank of the profile is steeper in the pulling direction than in the downward direction to prevent the rope from pulling through. On the other hand, the steepness of the pulling wave flank and designed the wave rounding so that No notch effect occurs on the rope or its Casing damaged. This is compared to the stand the technology a significant improvement in the clamping effect achieved without a rope-destroying wear effect. Under Waves are also to be understood as webs or ribs.

To the clamping effect additionally by an inward-facing To increase component, the profile can be arcuate or straight against the direction of the train.

One on the base body on which the rope drum or the Tapered disks are rotatably arranged, more appropriate wrap arm, pin or a role with one lying parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum Longitudinal axis preferably prevents accidental Pull on the loose line or sheet end, which causes Clamping device would be pulled out of the clamping groove. This guide pin or role is also used for Definition of a minimum wrap of the drum or Groove of the conical washers.

According to the invention, this role is on a radial Towards a movable lever held by a spring to arrange.

It can also be useful to rotate this pen in To arrange the tension direction in the wrap direction, on the one hand to achieve the maximum possible wrap achieve, on the other hand by returning the pen to reduce the wrap against the spring pressure and to enable loosening (tightening) of the clamping device.

Bring it on the base body also parallel to the Axis of rotation of the drum on a scraper so-called defectors are effectively prevented arise when the free or by rotating the drum loose line end under the fetching (tensioned) line is pulled and thus pinched. Preferably be the pin or roller and the scraper approximately the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the drum. she can also be combined in one element.

According to a further embodiment of the invention the scraper has a finger-shaped or wedge-shaped arm that is in the keyway between the conical washers, but with Distance from these protrudes.

The distance to the bottom of the groove should be max. the thickness of the too correspond to exciting ropes or ropes. Hereby will Prevention of multiple wrapping around the drum hit and thus prevents dangerous defectors.

The device is also with a reduction gear with upstream conical disc brake mechanism provided and with a switchable jack coupling for the direct drive of the rope drum.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit eingelegtem Seil,

Fig. 1a

eine Ansicht aus Zugrichtung des Seils,

Fig. 2

eine Querschnittsansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3, 3a u. 3b

drei verschiedene Ansichten mit alternativen Profilausführungen einer oberen und unteren Kegelscheibe, mit der versetzten Profilierung,

Fig. 4a-c

drei verschiedene Ansichten einer unteren Kegelscheibe mit alternativen Profilgestaltungen,

Fig. 5

in einer rein schematischen Ansicht eine weitere Profilgestaltung,

Fig. 6a-c

in schematischen Schnittdarstellungen die Profilgestaltung an den Punkten P₁, P₂ und P₃ in Fig. 5,

Fig. 7

eine Schnittdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung,

Fig. 8

eine Detaildarstellung zu Fig. 7,

Fig. 9-12

Schnittdarstellungen gemäß Schnittlinien A-A, B-B und C-C in Fig. 7, und

Fig. 13

in zwei Ansichten eine erfindungsgemäße Anwendung im Violinblock eines Großschotflaschenzuges mit erfindungsgemäßer Klemmrolle 201 und federndem Umschlingungsstift 202.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective view of a device according to the invention with an inserted rope,

Fig. 1a

a view from the direction of pull of the rope,

Fig. 2

2 shows a cross-sectional view of the device according to FIG. 1,

3, 3a and. 3b

three different views with alternative profile designs of an upper and lower conical disk, with the offset profile,

4a-c

three different views of a lower conical disk with alternative profile designs,

Fig. 5

in a purely schematic view another profile design,

6a-c

in schematic sectional representations the profile design at points P ₁ , P ₂ and P ₃ in Fig. 5,

Fig. 7

2 shows a sectional illustration of a further embodiment of the device,

Fig. 8

7 shows a detailed representation of FIG. 7,

Fig. 9-12

Sectional views along section lines AA, BB and CC in Fig. 7, and

Fig. 13

in two views an application according to the invention in the violin block of a main sheet block and tackle with a clamping roller 201 according to the invention and a resilient wrap pin 202.

Detailed description of the invention and best way to carry out the invention

The winch 100 shown in FIG. 1 is fundamental known from DE 26 02 629 C3. On a base body 10 is rotatable one of two rotatable conical disks 111, 112 existing drum 11 known, in the groove Rope 110 can be inserted. The drum 11 has one Drive head 12 with a recess 13 into which one in the ratchet crank, not shown can be inserted.

If you turn the ratchet crank in the direction of arrow 14, the drum 11 is provided over accordingly Driver elements moved, whereas against the direction of rotation shown the drum is locked. A locking mechanism can preferably also be used, which, depending on the crank rotation, the desired direction of rotation releases, but when the crank is released the opposite Locks direction and vice versa.

On the base body 10 are parallel to the axis of rotation Drum 11 and a short distance from the keyway Conical washers an arm, a roller or a pin 15, as well a scraper 16 is arranged. The latter has one wedge-shaped protuberance 17, which in the keyway 18 between the tapered discs 111 and 112, but at a distance of protrudes into the keyway bottom 18a. The distance should be smaller than the thickness of the rope or rope to be tensioned 110.

2, the drum 11 consists of an upper conical disc 111 and a lower one conical disk 112 centered by a bushing 113 be the one by changing their height a Adjustment to different rope diameters enabled and connected by screws 19 and opposite the base body 10 are rotatably arranged. The rotatable Storage is known in the art, so that there is no need to go into this further. 2 is the looping pin 15 for display in the Drawing level shown offset.

The upper conical disk 111 shown in FIGS. 3a-c has a straight or on the inside arcuate profiling, which is made of radiating running waves. Their division t corresponds about half to a rope size and their Profiling is to the lower cone 112 by 1/2 t transferred.

The profiles are inward, like llla, c, d such that the divisions of the upper against those of the lower are offset by 1/2 division. The angle Alpha of the conical pulley profiles can be the rope version be adjusted.

Four screws 19 are used for fastening, through the Bores 20 of the sleeve 113 in corresponding threaded blind holes 22 are screwed in.

The profiles 111 and 112a change over their course, c, d their cross section, as shown in Fig. 3d and 3e is. The waves forming the profiling assign Start a distance t that increases due to the circumference a distance T in the region of the edge IIIb.

The lower conical disk 112 shown in FIGS. 4a-c has holes 23 for the passage of screws 19, furthermore, like the upper conical disk 111 central bore 24 to 25 for receiving the drive head 12 or a hollow shaft to the rotatability of the drum 11th to ensure with respect to the base body 10.

The profiling 112a, c, d of the lower conical disk corresponds in terms of profile profile and Alignment of the profile llla, c, d with the proviso that it runs in opposite directions in double-acting Winches. This means that when discs are placed on top of each other 111 and 112 the one on the lower disc Profiling a left course and the one on the top Washer profiling a right course having. Through the profiling llla, c or 112a, c on the one hand, a guidance of the rope in the direction of rotation guaranteed on the groove bottom 18a, while the opposing profiling on the opposite side the friction effect of the inserted clamping device increases. The The direction of pull is denoted by Z. The bottom of the groove 18a is through a cylinder liner formed, the two conical disks centered and with the the distance setting for different rope strengths he follows.

The profiling shown in FIGS. 5 and 6a-c is so shown that the holding force of the tapered drums is brought about by a positive profile that on the one hand is designed so that it is the required Holding force generated and on the other hand the ropes, ropes or Linen cannot be worn out or a braided one Sheathing is overstressed or torn.

The structure of the profiling is like this 6a to 6c in particular. Of the Base radius R of the drum profiles in the corresponding Contact circle of rope, rope or leash according to the radius of the rope, rope or line designed accordingly or smaller than this. Of the The head radius r of the profile is in contact diameter greater than 1.5 mm and less than 3 mm (1.5 mm <r <3 mm).

The angle of attack of the profile against the direction of pull is 35 ° - 45 ° and depending on the application Center line M of the profile runs through the center of the Drum or tangent to a circle of diameter d is smaller than the outer diameter D of the drum.

It is preferably provided that the profiling of the upper conical disk in opposite, d. H. mirror image direction like the profiling of the lower conical disk runs.

It is envisaged that the height H of the profiling is at least 2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm, and that the The flank angle alpha of the profile is steeper in the direction of pull is formed as on the opposite side (flank angle Beta) of the profile. The top of the profile is one wear-resistant hard layer.

7 to 12, the winch 200 is another Embodiment shown. On a base body 31 is screwed on a bearing flange 32. On it rotatably mounted is the lower drum part 33 because with the upper drum part 34 is connected by means of screws 35. The drive of the The winch drum can rotate with the crank rotating Crank mount 36 the latches 37 (section A-A) directly be coupled to the drum. The opens Locking ring brake consisting of brake cone surface 36a, Brake locking disk 39 and gear shaft 38 so that the Jacks 40 (section B-B) can grip, but the Locking brake ring 39, can rotate freely. The gear pawls 42 can not grip, the gear shaft 36 rotates in Central pinion 43 free through. The planetary gear consisting of central pinion 43, intermediate gears 44, Planet gears 45 driven by the drum teeth 33a, overtakes the direct coupling and just spins. The tensile force in the rope increases so much that the 1: 1 drive is no longer sufficient and the crank movement becomes the drum (3 + 4) is set by the pull rope retracted until the gear pawls 42 in Bound the central pinion 43. The central pinion is with the Gear shaft 36 coupled, which is now with your Left-hand thread 38a turns the crank holder 36 and the Locking brake ring 39 sticks and turns counterclockwise until the Insert the pawls 40 into the locking ring 39. This will make the The winch is blocked and the traction is maintained. We the Drive crank and thus the crank holder on the left turned around, the pawls 37 can not work that Left thread of the crank holder 36 clamps against that Thread of the drive shaft, the brake force plate 39, the Skip pawls 40 when turning to the left, the Pawls 42 take effect so that the planetary gear in Function can occur, the cable drum 33 is on their Internal toothing 33a clockwise in the geared-down drive rotated further with increased force.

On top of the drum 34 there is a bearing Switch disc 46 with a non-slip profile 46a and Stop pin 47. A is pressed into the switching disc Switch ring 48 with locking grooves 48a and pawl windows 48b. There is a stop pocket in the upper drum part 34 49, the switching movement of the Switch disc 46 limited. Also in the top of the drum there is milling 50 a ball locking element 51, the engages in the locking grooves 48a of the locking ring 48 and the Switch disc holds in the set position.

The function of the switching disc is to turn the left Pawls 37 and lift out of their operative position and thus the operation only in the gear reduction to reach. This is due to the described Forward and conical disc brake mechanism Reverse operation of the winch allows tensioning (Fetching) and loosening (fisting) of the line allows fine dosing. The tensioning of the lines runs in the above described way. When easing is first at actuated drive, the switching disc 46 to the left Stop the stop pin 47 rotated and thereby the Pawls 37 deactivated by the switching ring 48. The drum is made as described above slowed down. If you want to celebrate, turn it Drive crank to the right, this will apply the brake Removal of the clamping between the crank mount and Drive shaft 38 canceled and the locking ring 39 solved.

13 is to illustrate an application of the invention, a violin pad 200 in a side view and shown in section, the pinch roller with 201 and the wrap pin are designated 202.

Reference list

winch

100, 200

Rope, rope

110

Conical washers

111.112

Rifles

113

Basic body

10th

drum

11

Drive body

12th

Recess

13

arrow

14

Wipers

16

Protuberance

17th

Keyway

18th

Wedge bottom

18a

Screws

19th

Holes

20th

Threaded blind holes

22

drilling

23, 24, 25

Base radius

R

Flank angle

Alpha, beta

Head radius

r

Center line

M

outer diameter

D

height

H

Basic body

31

Bearing flange

32

Lower part of the drum

33

Drum teeth

33a

Drum top

34

Screws

35

Crank mount

36

Brake cone surface

36a

Drum pawls

37

Gear shaft

38

Left-hand thread

38a

Brake locking disc

39

Brake pawls

40

Gear pawls

42

Central pinion

43

Idler gears

44

Planet gears

45

Switching disc

46

profile

46a

Stop pin

47

Switching ring

48

Locking grooves

48a

Latch window

48b

Stop bag

49

Milling

50

Ball locking element

51

Violin pad

200

Pinch roller

201

Wrap pin

202

Claims (26)

1. Device for the tautening and retaining of ropes, cables or lines, more particularly in sheet, halyard or anchor windlasses, in tackles or in pulley block's with the aid of rigidly or gearingly interconnected conical disks (11,12), which are power-operably or manually drivable by means of a crank or a tackle line and which possess a surface profile outline having only one coil of the traction means wound around, in which case the surface profile outline (111a, b, c, 112a, b, c) is comprised of radially inwardly directed waves which are configured so as to be straight or curved, wherein the gripping or retaining force exerted upon the rope, the cable or the line of the conical drum disks (111,112) is brought about by means of a form-fitting profile outline, which is designed in such a wway that the same generates the requisite retaining or gripping force and in that the ropes, cables or lines (110) do not become worn or the plaited sheathing is overstrained or torn,
   characterized in that
   a radius of the ogive r of the profile outline, in the contact diameter, is larger than 1.5mm and smaller than 3mm and in that the flank angle (alpha) of the profile outline, in the direction of traction, is configured so as to be steeper than the flank angle (beta) on the opposite side of the profile outline.
2. Device according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that
   a basic radius R of the drum profile outlines in the pertinent contact diameter of the ropes, cables or lines corresponds to the radius of the latter or is smalller than the same.
3. Device according to either Claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   the radius of ogive r of the profile outline within the contact radius is larger than 1.5mm and smaller than 3mm.
4. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   the run-off angle (beta) of the profile outline ranges from 35° to 45°.
5. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   a center line (M) of the profile outline proceeds through the center of the drum or is tangent to a circle of the drum.
6. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the profile outline of the top conical disk proceeds in the opposite, i.e. the mirror-inverted direction in comparison with the profile outline of the bottom conical disk.
7. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that
   the height (H) of the profile outline is at least 2mm and maximally 3mm.
8. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that
   the surface of the profile outline is provided with a wear-reducing hard layer.
9. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the wave contouring of the top disk (111), in relation to the wave contouring of the bottom disks, is offset by 1/2 pitch.
10. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the profile outline (111a, b, c) of the top conical disk (111) is constructed in the opposite direction when compared ith the profile outline (112a) of the lower disk (112).
11. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the adjustment of the clamping effect to the diameter of the traction means is brought about by changing the height of the bushing (113).
12. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in that,
    at a distance from the drum (11) formed by the conical disks (111,112), with a longitudinal axis parallel hereto, an arm, a pin (15) or a springable roll is disposed.
13. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 12,
    characterized in that,
    at a distance from the drum formed by the conical disks, with a longitudinal axis parallel hereto, a stripper (16) is provided.
14. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 13,
    characterized in that
    the roll is rotatingly disposed so as to be springable in the coiling direction.
15. Device according to either Claim 12 or 14,
    characterized in that
    the stripper (16) is disposed in the vicinity of the pin (15) or of the roll, by preference at an approximately equal distance from the longitudinal axis of the drum.
16. Device according to any of Claims 12 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the stripper and the pin form a unit.
17. Device according to any of Claims 12 to 16,
    characterized in that
    the stripper (16) is provided with a wedge or finger-shaped projection (17), which juts into the keyway (18) between the conical disks (111,112), but so as to be spaced away from the latter.
18. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 17,
    characterized in that
    the distance to the groove bottom (18a) corresponds maximally to the thickness of the rope (110) or cable to be tautened.
19. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 18,
    characterized in that,
    outside the conical disks (111,112), a radially springable lever supported in the box is disposed to serve as a roll support.
20. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 19,
    characterized in that,
    on the lever, a roll is located to be supported in a friction bearing, a ball bearing or a roller bearing, which ensures the coiling of the rope and offers the least resistance to the line passing through.
21. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 20,
    characterized in that,
    exterior to the conical disks, a shock-mounted axle supported eccentrically to the center of the windlass is mounted, which is constructed in such a way that the roll running thereupon, by means of traction on the running-off line, is able to get out of the way against the direction of coiling and in that the coiling is reduced to such an extent that the rope, cable or line is able to slide off over the profile outline.
22. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 21,
    characterized in that
    the gear dome is comprised of a driven threaded sleeve, a locking ring and a clamping spindle, in which the threaded sleeve and the clamping spindle are provided with a left-hand thread when the windlass is right-hand driven and vice versa.
23. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 22,
    characterized in that
    the clamping ring, in the form of a ratchet wheel in the locked state, allows only one direction of rotation.
24. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 23,
    characterized in that
    the clamping or locking angle of taper of the threaded sleeve, the locking ring and the clamping spindle is geared to the friction angles of the material.
25. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 24,
    characterized in that
    the thread pitch of the clamping spindle and of the threaded sleeve is selected in such a way that it generates the requisite frictional force on the detent brake ring for retaining the load.
26. Device according to any of Claims 1 to 25,
    characterized in that,
    with the aid of a switching ring (48), the ratchets for the direct drive of the drum (11) can be connected.

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