DE2522303A1 - WEDGE ROLL AND ITS APPLICATION TO WINCHES - Google Patents

Description

It is known to use grooved rollers for receiving a rope in which the rope is wedged; through this the rope can be hauled in by turning the pulley. To this end, the two faces of the roller are related on the corresponding radii obliquely directed grooves, the grooves of the one surface opposite the grooves the other face. Such pulleys are used in connection with twisted ropes, and their grooves

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have a constant width with a distance from one another which is approximately equal to the pitch of the rope strands. When the rope is stretched in the groove of the pulley, the turns of the pulley become wedged. Strands in the grooves.

• Such pulleys do not adapt well to smooth ropes. In addition, the rope is not easy to wedge, and it is necessary to pull the free strand of the rope radially outwards in order to pull the rope out of the groove of the pulley to be able to take out.

The invention has for its object to provide a more perfect role with wedge action in which this Disadvantages are avoided.

The roller according to the invention with a V-shaped groove, in which the two surfaces of the groove to the corresponding Radii have grooves which are directed obliquely, the grooves of the one surface opposite the grooves of the other surface are arranged, is characterized in that the angle of the two side surfaces of the groove between Can be 30 and 45 ° and the grooves of the fillet are directed obliquely at an angle between 20 and 60 °, preferably between 40 and 50 °.

If a rope is inserted into the groove of the pulley and on the rope a tangential, the inclination of the Grooves opposite tensile force is exerted, wedged

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the material of the rope and is compressed in the grooves. If, on the other hand, the other strand is pressed axially, the material of the rope rises immediately τοη from the grooves, where it relaxes, and the rope slides effortlessly in the groove of the pulley.

Since Y never contains the minimum width of the eggs to theirs maximum width can preferably be 0.3 bit 0.7

The · training of the invented roll · «possible ·· you alone to lift a load when its axis is connected to the shaft of a motor; it is sufficient that the grooves are directed obliquely in the direction of rotation of the axis are. The free strand does not need to be used, but simply MUST be applied to the roller, for example through a disc. To pull out the rope it is sufficient for the role to exert an axial pressure on its free strand.

It is also known that after a rope has been wound onto the drum of a wind and after a tensile force has been applied to the rope, there is a friction force between the rope and the Drum occurs, which according to an exponential law with the The loop angle of the rope increases. It is therefore possible to have a large pulling force with a relatively small, am force exerted on the free strand of the rope to maintain balance.

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As a result of this frictional force, it is possible to winch a load attached to a rope with the help of a winch. whose drum is driven by hand or by a motor, by pulling the rope with a sufficient number of Windings are wound onto the drum, provided that that the free strand of the rope remains taut.

In order to immobilize the load to be wound up, a stake is generally used around which the free end of the rope is wound. To change the position of the load, the free end must be released from the peg and kept under tension to prevent the rope from slipping on the drum. This operation takes a certain amount of time and manual dexterity.

It has been proposed to place the stake at the head end of the drum. Then the rope can be hauled in without the free strand of the rope being released from the peg. On the other hand, to perform the reverse operation, i.e., to To slacken the rope, its free strand must necessarily be loosened from the stake so that the rope turns slide on the drum of the winch.

The role according to the invention finds a particular field of application in winches, in particular in a "winch" To operate a sheet, for example a pock sheet, because it enables in this pail, one on the drum of the Winch to haul in or loosen the coiled rope,

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without the position of the free strand of the rope noticeable must be changed.

In this application, a roller as previously described is attached to the outer surface of the drum Winch attached.

When using the winch perfected in this way, the rope will be wound on the drum and be free strand pinched in the groove of the roll. If the rope is to be hauled in, it is sufficient to drive the drum. Conversely, if the rope is to be loosened, it is sufficient to apply axial pressure on its free strand Resign from the role. This free strand disengages immediately and, since it is no longer tense, the unit of turns formed on the drum rotates a little on this drum. To get the movement stop, it is sufficient to hold the free strand of the rope that is wedged in the groove of the pulley.

By a succession of tensile forces exerted on the free strand while driving the drum at the same time and from shear forces on this strand, it is possible to adjust the position of the rope on either side of a central point change without touching the rope itself,

It could happen that the rope on the head end of the Troaael slides, curling up on the roll

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and unwinds from the drum. Since the diameter of the roller is generally smaller than that of the drum, would the rope is loosened inappropriately.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention which avoids this disadvantage and is generally applicable is, the pulley is connected to a cylindrical part on which the rope rests after passing through the groove the roll can wind up, this cylindrical part, for example designed as the drum of the winch is, and is a holding element for the rope, over or under which the rope on its way from the cylindrical part can reach the fillet, rotatably arranged around the axis of the roller between the fillet and the cylindrical part.

The holding element can have a braking device which is able to hold the element on the cylindrical part is when the free strand of the rope is taut. However, this braking device is not required because the Friction of the holding element on its axis is sufficient to hold the element.

If the rope is to be hauled in and therefore its free strand is wedged in the groove of the pulley, this is it Holding element held on the cylindrical part, for example on the drum of the winch, and locked the style by it's sliding around the circumference of the head end of the

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Drum prevented. If the rope needs to be slackened and its free strand is therefore decongested, this is it Retaining element released and can be rotated relative to the drum; the unit of the rope windings rotates on the Drum and takes the holding element with it.

If a braking device is provided, it can consist of a shoe made of a material with a high coefficient of friction exist, which is attached under the holding element in the immediate vicinity of the head end of the cylindrical part is. If the free strand of the rope is not tensioned, the shoe is removed from the copy end of the cylindrical part, such that the holding element can rotate freely relative to the cylindrical part. If on the other hand this free strand is tensioned, presses the rope, which runs past the holding element, on this element, so that the shoe is clamped between the head end of the drum and the element, which in this way is immovable relative to the drum is made.

The retaining element can consist of a ring which is laterally extended by a thin tongue, under which the shoe is attached and which is extended radially by a finger to guide the rope.

When the rope is clamped in the pulley and the pulley and the cylindrical part are rotated in the sense that corresponds to the wind up of the load, the holding

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element as well and the cable strand under load then winds up on the cylindrical part on which some additional windings can be applied. But the free strand that emerges from the role will taken along in the same sense and also winds up; these superfluous turns must then be passed through the Head end of the roll must be removed, which is very annoying.

In order to avoid this disadvantage, a fixed stop arranged on the path of the holding element can be provided will.

If the load is brought up under these conditions, the holding element hits after a certain path on the stop and is thus held in place © The rope begins to slide against the retaining element, while its free The strand emerges from the roll continuously without winding up. During this operation, the holding element moves continues in its essential role, i.e. it prevents the rope over the head of the cylindrical part, for example the roll, slides by winding itself on the roll and unwinding from the drum.

The stop can be designed as a tongue or rod which is attached to the surface on which the roller and its cylindrical part are attached, or on the surface of the winch, if the cylindrical part of the drum

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mel represents a winch; it can also be on the axis of rotation attached to the roll. It can be permanent or removable.

The holding element can have a device which exerts a centripetal pressure on the rope, such that this is pressed to the bottom of the groove. This device can be a leaf spring or a washer. Preferably, this device consists of a pair of disks, one of which is pivotable relative to the holding element Bracket are worn.

Some non-limiting exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below.

Show it:

Pig. 1 is a side view of a first embodiment the winch according to the invention j

Pig. Figure 2 shows a section through a detail of this winch; Pig. 3 is a perspective view of the holding element;

Pig · 4 shows a section through the pulley with the rope wedged in the groove of the pulley;

Pig. 5 is a view similar to Pig. 4 »with the rope decocked;

Pig. 6 an axial section through a removable, roller arranged on the drum of a winch,

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the elements of the roll being shown separately;

7 is a view similar to FIG. Fig. 6, the unit is mounted;

8 shows a side view of the winch in a second embodiment s form;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the winch of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is a side view of a detail of a third Embodiment;

11 shows a view similar to FIG. 9, of a fourth embodiment s f ο rm;

Figure 12 is a side view of a detail of this embodiment s f ο rm;

13 is a plan view of a fifth embodiment; and

Fig. H is a side view of a detail of this embodiment

As illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, the winch according to the invention has a drum 1, which a support 2 is attached rotatably about a vertical axis here. Means not shown in the drawing allow a rotation of the drum in the direction of the arrow f_ and prevent its rotation in the opposite direction. On the top of the drum 1 is a roller 3 with screws or, as shown, with press-fitted into the drum

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intermediate shaft 3.a attached.

The roller has a V-shaped groove 4, the opening angle of which is between 30 and 45 °, for example 40 °. The surfaces of the fillet are provided with grooves which are directed obliquely in the direction of rotation of the drum 1 to the corresponding radii at an angle ac between 20 and 69 °, for example 45 °. These grooves are made with the help of a cylindrical milling cutter inclined at an angle <x and therefore have the shape of the section of a cylinder and a truncated cone; their beginning at the circumference has a width I ₁ which is greater than the width Ip at the end near the center of the drum. The radial length of the fillet is determined in such a way that the ratio Ip to I _{1 is} between 0.3 and 0.7, for example 0.5.

The grooves have a relatively small depth on the order of 1 mm and close by very narrow, but rounded edges 7 together. The edges of one of walls 5 are opposite the edges of the other wall, that is, the edges of the two walls are mirror-inverted with respect to the transverse median plane of the roll are.

Between the drum 1 and the roller 3, a slide is rotatably arranged, which consists of a flanged with a

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Edge 9a provided ring 9 and laterally by a Tongue 10 is elongated; this extends to the circumference of the head 1a. the drum and is with a bent over Equipped inlet edge 10a. A finger 11 is attached radially to this tongue and extends downwards to the drum 1 slightly protrudes out and its front surface in the direction of arrow f with one to the vertical, for example is provided by 45, obliquely directed channel 11a. Under a rubber sliding piece 12 is glued to the tongue 10. if no rope is wound on the winch, the slider hardly touches the head 1a of the drum, so that the slider is freely rotatable about the axis of the drum.

The winch is intended for use with a rope 13, the diameter d of which is smaller than the maximum width a of the fillet 4. The space χ between the end of the beaded edge 9a and the roller 3 is smaller than the diameter el of the rope 13 »so that the rope is in the groove 4 move axially, but can not exit from it.

When using the winch described, the rope 13, which is for example a jib sheet, is placed on the Drum 1 wound with two or three turns and the rope first flying and then using the with the Role connected motor caught up.

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The slide 8 is pivoted so that its tongue 10 is guided on its path, and the free strand 13a of the rope 13 is in the groove 11a of the finger 11 of the slide and then brought onto the tongue 10, which is facilitated by the bent edge 10a of the tongue, so that the The rope engages in the groove 4 of the roller 3. The shoe is then placed between the tongue and the head 1a of the drum compressed so that the tongue and drum are connected and pivoting of the tongue under the action the force exerted on them by the rope is avoided.

Finally, the free end 13a of the rope is wrapped around the roller 3. The tension exerted by the load is wedged the rope in the grooves: 6

If the load is to be caught up even more now, the drum 1 and the roller 3 are brought into common rotation .

But if the rope is to be released again, the free strand 13a between the roller and the crimped Edge 9a pushed (Fig. 5) · The rope becomes wedged immediately and moves away slightly from the groove, so that it can slide in this; the beaded edge 9a of the slider prevents the rope during this operation Completely leaves fillet 4. In addition, the pressure exerted by the rope on the tongue 10 disappears, eo that the

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Slide 8 can start moving and rotate in the opposite direction to arrow f, in such a way that the windings rolled up on the drum 1 of the winch can slide on the drum. To shut down this movement it is sufficient to hold back the free strand 13a, so that the rope 13 penetrates again into the grooves 6 and is wedged in the groove 4.

This process of retention and relaxation can can be repeated an unlimited number of times without having to grasp the rope by hand.

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a pulley mounted on a "winch" with an axial crank arm. The role 3 consists of two paddles 14a and 14 ^ b made of plastic, for example made of "nylon", between which a spacer 15 is arranged, also made of plastic, which allows the width of the groove 4 of the roller to be adapted to the diameter of the rope 13. Between the lower Flange 14b, and the drum 1 of the winch is an adjustment disc 16, the lower surface of which has a surface complementary to the upper surface of the drum, and around which the slide 8 is rotatably mounted. All of these elements are attached to the drum 1 Screws 17 attached.

The drum 1 of the winch has a hole 18 with a square

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Cross-section in which the insertion end 19a of a crank arm 19 is normally intended to engage. Insertion of the crank arm takes place here via an intermediate piece 20, which is a cylindrical, relatively wide Has portion 20a which can engage in the cylindrical openings 21 of the flanges and with a bore 22 is intended for receiving the insertion end 19a of the crank arm, as well as a section 2013 with a smaller cross-section, which has approximately the shape and dimensions of the hole 18.

In Pig. 8 and 9, the drum 1 is shown again, which is rotatably attached to a support 2 and on its the roller 3 is mounted on the upper surface.

Between drum 1 and roller 3, an element for holding the rope 13 is rotatably mounted, which here simply consists of a annular slide 23 is provided, which is provided with a beaded edge 23a and by a tongue 23t is extended radially in a direction that forms an angle of about 30 ° with the direction in which the crimped Edge 23a is located, the end of the tongue 23 ^ is bent down and at an angle of about

ο 23c
45 a nose part. The slide 23 has a second beaded edge 23d, which is arranged approximately symmetrically to the beaded edge 23a with respect to the tongue 23]>.

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A stop element 24 is attached to the support 2 in the path of the nose 23b of the tongue 23b.

The rope 13 is wound on the drum 1 with two or three revolutions, comes under the nose 23 £ the Tongue 23b, then engages in the groove 4 of the roller 3 and finally reaches the outside of the roller between this and the beaded edge 23a, which prevents it from emerging from the groove.

When the rope 13 is subjected to a load, it becomes wedged in the groove 4 of the pulley 3 · By the Friction on its axis, the slide 23 is prevented from rotating, and in turn tries to pull the rope 13 on to push the head 1a of the drum, i.e. to cause the rope to wind onto the reel and off the drum unwound

When the drum 1 is rotated in the direction of the arrow f, the load with the help of the in the square hole 22 of the Obtain on the roller 3 attached intermediate piece 20 pressed crank arm, the rope 13 winds up open the drum, the slide 23 rotating with it. After a relatively small angle of rotation, in any case less than 360 °, the nose 23b of the tongue 23b strikes the stop element 24 and the slide is thus stopped. From this moment on the rope begins 13 »

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to slide under the nose 23 £, as indicated by the arrow f .., while the free end 13a leaves the roll continuously, as indicated by the arrow f ₂ , without winding inappropriately on the winch.

To let up the rope, it is sufficient, its free end 13a back without being withdrawn from the roller, as is the case with the embodiment of the Mg.

I to 5 was specified.

In the embodiment of Fig. 10, the axis of the drum 1 is designed as a fixed tube 28 (see Mg. 13), in which a drive shaft 29 can rotate, which is to receive the crank arm; the drum is driven on the lower part of the drum, for example by an intermediate gear that connects to an inside of the drum attached ring gear is in engagement. In this case, the stop 24a can be attached directly to the pipe axis 28 will"

In order to avoid that aas rope 13 does not come off the bottom of the groove 4, the slide 23 can with a device which exerts pressure on the rope, for example with a spring leaf. Preferably be however, one or more discs are provided, as shown in Fig.

II and 12 visible Here is the beaded edge 23a of the slide is omitted and a flat extension

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tion 23e, replaced. On this extension is a at 25 mounted pivotable swing arm 26, which carries two discs 27a and 27b, which with the circumference of the rope 13 in When it is at the bottom of the fillet. The axis of rotation 25 is based on the slide axis, about 270 ° away from the tongue 23b_, so that the rope 13 is close to the bottom of the groove the point where it emerges from the fillet.

To introduce the rope, the arm 26 is pivoted in such a way that the disc 27a is removed from the groove of the roller 3 Will get removed; The rope then passes between the disc and the groove without difficulty. Then the rope pushed until it has come out over the axis 25. The arm 26 is pivoted and the disc 27b is removed in turn from the fillet; by additional pressure on the rope 13, it is pushed into the groove 4 inserted opposite the disc 27b_. The pressures exerted on the rope by the pulleys are then equal from (Fig. 11).

To loosen the rope, it is released from the pulley 27b; thereby the arm 26 can be pivoted and the Remove disc 27a, allowing the rope to slide freely. By again wedging the rope 13 behind the Seheibe 27b the movement is brought to a standstill.

In the embodiment of FIG. 13 and FIG

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an angular stop 30 attached to tongue 23b and the stop element is designed as a thin finger 31 attached to the pipe axis 28, the end of which is curved downward. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 14, the stop 30 has at its upper Part up a ramp 30b followed by a vertical ledge 30a which, more precisely, is the stop surface forms. When the drum is driven in the direction of arrow f_ is, according to the retrieval of the load, the surface 30 ^ b of the stop comes together with the finger 31, whereby the slide 23 is stopped. On the other hand, the slide can evade the stop, with the finger on the Ramp 30b_ slides when it moves in the opposite direction to arrow f_ turns; this can happen, for example with a winch on which a sheet is wound, when the slide is through the sheet is held at the moment when it has to quickly skip the turns on the drum of the Winches are included when changing sides.

It goes without saying that the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described, but rather encompasses it also all their modifications.

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Claims (18)

May 20, 1975 File: P 7847 Claims L)] RoIIe with wedge effect with V-shaped chamfer, in which the two faces of the fillet have grooves inclined with respect to the corresponding radii, wherein the grooves on one surface are arranged opposite the grooves on the other surface, characterized in that that the angle of the two side surfaces of the fillet can be between 30 and 45 ° and the Grooves of the fillet at an angle between 20 and 60, preferably between 40 and 50 °, directed obliquely are. - 21 - 509849/0341 2.) Roller according to claim 1, the grooves of which one from the center the roll have outwardly increasing width, characterized in that the The ratio of the minimum width of the grooves to their maximum width can be between 0.3 and 0.7. 3.) Roller according to one of the preceding claims, which is connected to a cylindrical part on which the rope can wind up after passage through the groove, characterized in that for the Rope is a holding element over or under which the rope passes on its way from the groove to the cylindrical part can, is arranged rotatably about the axis of the roller between the flute and the cylindrical part. 4 ·) Roller according to claim 3, characterized in that the holding element is a braking device has, which is suitable to hold the element on the roller when the free strand of the rope is tensioned is. 5.) Roller according to claim 4, characterized in that the braking device as a shoe is formed from a material with a high coefficient of friction, which is fastened under the retaining element. 6.) Roller according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the holding element as - 22 509849/0341 a ring is formed which laterally or radially is extended by a tongue, under which the shoe is optionally attached and which radially through a Pinger to guide the rope is extended. 7.) Roller according to claim 6, characterized in that the finger with an obliquely directed Groove is provided through which the rope is pulled. 8.) Roller according to claim 3, characterized in that the holding element is designed as a ring which is extended radially by a tongue, the end of which is curved downwards and forms a guide nose for the rope. 9 ·) Roll according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the ring is a flanged Has exit edge which prevents the rope from emerging from the groove of the roller. 10.) Roll according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized characterized in that the ring has a beaded inlet edge which guides the Facilitates the introduction of the rope into the groove of the pulley 11.) Roller with wedge effect according to one of claims 3 to 8 509849/0341 -23- or 10, characterized in that the holding element carries a device which has a exerts centripetal pressure on the rope, such that it is pressed to the bottom of the groove. 12.) Roller according to claim 11, characterized that the device consists of a pair of discs carried by a holder, which in is pivotable with respect to the holding element. 13 ·) Roll according to claim 11 or 12, characterized that the device for applying a pressure is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the location is where the rope exits the groove. 14 ·) Roller with wedge effect with a groove according to one of claims 3 to 13, characterized that a fixed stop is arranged on the path of the holding element. 15.) role with wedge effect according to claim 14 »thereby characterized in that the stop is attached to the surface on which the roller and its cylindrical Surface or the base of the cylindrical surface are mounted. 16.) role with wedge effect according to claim 14, characterized marked that the stop on the - 24 -609849/0341 Axis of rotation of the role is attached. 17 ·) role with wedge effect according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the Stop and the holding element are designed so that the holding element can evade the stop when it is in the the direction of rotation is turned in the opposite direction to the winding up of the load. 18.) winch, characterized in that such a roller as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17 is attached to the end face of its drum is. 509849/0341 Blank page