WO1995023363A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von messgrössen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von messgrössen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995023363A1 WO1995023363A1 PCT/CH1995/000039 CH9500039W WO9523363A1 WO 1995023363 A1 WO1995023363 A1 WO 1995023363A1 CH 9500039 W CH9500039 W CH 9500039W WO 9523363 A1 WO9523363 A1 WO 9523363A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- variables
- measured
- control
- lighting
- variable
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for processing measurement variables according to the preamble of claim 1, and devices for its implementation.
- the spread of a source component changes, and so does its effect on the corresponding measurement parameters.
- the effect of the sources changes.
- An example of this case is the diminishing luminosity of a light bulb.
- Another method of avoiding the influence of artificial lighting on the sensor is to use an outside light sensor on the outside of the building. If outside light sensors are used, increased installation costs can be expected. In addition, an outdoor light sensor can deliver a wrong reading depending on the amount of sunshine.
- a method with outside light sensors is described, for example, in the article "Improving the Performance of Photoelectrically Controlled Lighting Systems” in the "Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society", winter 1989. European Patent Application No. 410484 is also known from the international search report. This document shows a method with which the light intensity in a room is controlled depending on the outside light according to a predetermined function, this function being given by a plurality of function values which can be set independently of one another. By preselecting the function values, a user can adapt the lighting to his or her subjective needs. This takes into account the fact that the actual needs of users are not exactly known, and therefore no clear relationship can be established between the measurement parameters and the desired control parameters.
- a disadvantage of this method is that the user has to set the function values himself: A controller that works according to this method is not annoying, so it cannot determine the lighting conditions desired by the user independently, and the function values cannot be set automatically.
- European Patent Application No. 573357 is mentioned as a further document.
- This document describes a diagnostic procedure for the early detection of errors in a process.
- the processing of measurement parameters to control parameters can be adapted to specific circumstances.
- the value ranges of the measured variables are divided into different families, to which the measured values can be assigned with a certain probability.
- reference values and criteria for determining the family membership of the measured values are formed. A comparison of the measured values with the reference values enables the detection of errors and breakdowns in the process and their prediction.
- the reference values can be adapted to new circumstances by redetermining them in a kind of learning process on the basis of current measured values.
- the learning process is limited to adjusting values within a given structure.
- the monitoring system is not able to independently recognize relationships between the measured variables and to use these new relationships when processing the measured variables.
- the method according to the invention creates the basis for a learning process which allows the recognition of inspections between the measurement variables. These relationships can be used in addition to the measurement parameters when determining the control parameters. To better understand the invention, some terms are defined below:
- - light bulb heat radiation, light, power consumption
- - light bulb subdivision of the active frequency spectrum into heat radiation and light; Subdivision of the light into a constant portion and a periodic portion due to the AC voltage.
- - human e.g. Switch actuation or presence in the detection area of a motion detector.
- the part of the control system that has the transducer signals as input variables and the control variables as output variables.
- Figure 1 shows the effect of sources on the tax parameters
- FIG. 2 arrangement with a brightness control for lighting fixtures
- FIG. 5 Basic arrangement in a control device that registers the user behavior using a current sensor.
- Figure 6 Temporal consumption behavior of the boiler heating of a coffee machine. The basic situation with controls that process measurement variables to control variables is shown in FIG. 1 and can be described as follows:
- measurement variables 3 are converted by transducers 4, and the transducer signals 5 are fed to the processing part 6.
- the measured variables themselves can be measured as a total of all active components that are converted by the corresponding transducers. These active components in turn come from the spread of source components 2 from one or more
- Sources 1 1. During the propagation it is possible that the room itself or objects 9 in the room change the effect of the source components on the transducers.
- Control variables 7 are output on the output side of the control. This
- control variables can often not be determined sufficiently well on the basis of the measured variables.
- reasons, as mentioned at the beginning, can be the cause.
- the main problem lies in the fact that the processing of the measured variables is fixed in such controls. All influences that are not known exactly a priori and are described by the available measurement variables cannot be recognized by such controls.
- the invention makes use of the consideration that when defining a control it is generally not possible to recognize and take into account all possible relationships between sources, measurement variables and control variables with qualitative and quantitative precision and with reasonable effort.
- the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the control itself must be able to modify the processing of the measured variables into control variables so that an improved determination of the control variables is possible. According to the invention, this is sufficient by determining relationships between the measured variables, which are then used in addition to the measured variables when determining the control variables.
- the invention is explained in more detail below using a few examples. These serve for a better understanding of the invention and in no way imply any restriction on the application possibilities of the invention.
- Example 1 Lighting control
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for a control which enables the main lighting 101 to be switched off automatically as soon as the available brightness is sufficiently high.
- the control has its own power supply 10 and has two brightness sensors 402 and 403, a key switch 401 and a time base 404 as input variables.
- the users 104 can switch the lighting 101 on or off in the usual way by means of the switch 401.
- the switch actuation is registered by the processing unit 6, and a control element 801, for example a relay, switches the supply 11 for the lighting on or off.
- the control system now has the additional task of defining a suitable switch-off brightness.
- the brightness level measured at sensor 402 is compared to a current threshold value Woff.
- the current threshold value is a predefined value Wo. If the measured brightness lies above the current threshold value Woff for a minimum preset time, then the lighting 101 is switched off by the controller.
- the measured value at sensor 402 can be the result of different lighting conditions, since different light sources such as daylight 103, the light from controlled lighting 101 and the light from further artificial lighting bodies 102 act on sensor 402.
- the second brightness sensor 403 is also influenced by the different light sources, but not with the same weighting of the individual light sources as is done with the first sensor 402. If only daylight acts on sensors 402, 403, then the two sensor signals differ essentially only by a proportionality factor P, which is not dependent on the brightness of daylight.
- a special lighting condition in which no artificial lighting fixtures act on the sensors 402, 403 can be recognized in a simple manner: As shown in FIG. 3, the brightness of artificial lighting fixtures which are operated with AC voltage is composed of a constant component and consists of a portion that oscillates with the frequency of the AC voltage. The controller checks whether one of the brightness measurement parameters has a periodic portion with the same frequency as the mains frequency.
- this corresponds to the establishment of a relationship between the measured variables "time t" and "brightness I".
- the controller can distinguish between two classes: a class Ki with active artificial lighting, as shown in part A of FIG. 3, and a class K2 without active artificial lighting, shown in Part B of Figure 3.
- FIG. 4 shows, in addition to the signal values S2 and S3 of the two brightness sensors 402 and 403, the value of the function fi.
- the measurement points are arranged in such a way that all measurement values are listed in area A which result from that lighting state in which both the controlled lighting 101 and the additional lighting source 102 are active.
- area B only the controlled lighting is active
- area C only the additional lighting
- area D are those measured values for which there is no effect of artificial lighting elements on the sensors. It can be clearly seen that the function fi assumes different values for different lighting conditions and that the function fi in section D assumes approximately the value zero regardless of the value of daylight.
- the controller now determines the typical value ranges of fi that occur over a long period of time, each of which characterize a certain lighting condition.
- the control system delimits these value ranges from each other. Each of these value ranges thus represents a class that represents a certain lighting condition.
- the control has another parameter that can be used in determining the current switch-off threshold Wo-r. It is essential that the control can form new classes that the criterion that belongs to a Class can be defined, changed and classes that are no longer relevant can be deleted.
- the following shows how the control for the various recognized lighting conditions can modify the value of the current switching threshold Wo-r to switch off the lighting.
- the original default value Wo for the current switching threshold in reality hardly corresponds to the brightness value actually requested by the users for switching off the lighting.
- the desired switch-off threshold is different for different lighting conditions.
- the control therefore determines a current switch-off threshold separately for each detected lighting condition, which is determined by the user behavior.
- a data record is stored which contains the information from the brightness sensors 402, 403 and the lighting state, as is present shortly before the switching off.
- the information about the lighting status is given by the class affiliation.
- the controller determines a plausible value for the switch-off threshold for those lighting states in which the controlled lighting 101 is switched on.
- a relationship between the measured variables "switch actuation" and “brightness” is determined for each distinguishable lighting state in which the controlled lighting is switched on. This relationship represents the desired switch-off behavior for the lighting depending on the brightness and the lighting condition.
- the measured variable "switch actuation" 401 is influenced by the users 104 of the lighting. In particular, this expresses the fact that the control can be used to ascertain the characteristic behavior of users or the needs of users.
- the starting point is a controller with two brightness sensors and the corresponding measured variables Hi and H2.
- the daylight Qi and a further light source Q2 act as sources on the two sensors, with the Q1 effect having a different weighting in the two sensors, as in the previous example.
- the measurands can then be expressed by the source effect:
- the user behavior can be determined using a suitable measurement.
- this can be, for example, the copy key, in the case of a coffee machine, the request key for coffee, in the case of a television set, the infrared signal of the remote control that a user actuates.
- the usage behavior There is another option for recording the usage behavior:
- Various electrical devices have a characteristic temporal course of energy consumption even when they are not used.
- the boiler temperature is regulated by means of a thermostat. If no coffee is being prepared, the boiler heating is switched on for a short period at regular intervals. The corresponding time course of the energy consumption is shown in part A of FIG. 6.
- this time course changes as shown in part B.
- the method according to the invention can now be used to determine the usage times from the course of the energy consumption.
- the typical repetition time t j of the post-heating pulses is first determined without use. This results from the measured time values as the longest toe, which is determined repeatedly.
- the ratio of the afterheating time t j and the repetition time t is then formed in each case. This value is minimal as long as no coffee is being made.
- the ratio of post-heating time t to repetition time ⁇ increases and differs significantly from the previously determined values.
- the classes "device usage” and “no device usage” can be distinguished. Linking these classes with the time gives the typical times of use.
- the control system can switch on the device independently, possibly only components thereof, for example the heating device, before the start of typical times of use, and can switch it off again independently during times when the device is not in use .
- the measured variable "time” is checked for belonging to the class “typical use time” and to the class "no typical use time”.
- the load is then supplied with energy, or not supplied with energy. If there is a change in usage, for example when changing from winter to summer time, the controller recognizes that the usage behavior no longer matches the saved usage times and can automatically adjust the corresponding start and end times to the new conditions.
- This special type of method according to the invention can be used in various controls, but is of particular interest in controls for the rational use of energy in electrical devices. There it can be used to infer a device's usage pattern based on its usage pattern. The use of the device in turn can be related to other measured variables such as time, brightness, or movement. If such measured values correlate with the device usage, they can be used for user-friendly control of the device.
- FIG. 5 shows a special embodiment of such a control with integrated supply 21. The information about the energy consumption of the device is obtained there with a current sensor 401.
- This variant of the detection of the user behavior is of particular interest if the control is not built into the device to be controlled, but is used as an independent control device 20 and if no other measurement parameters than the current consumption of the controlled load are available.
- a storage medium is required so that a learning process can actually be carried out effectively: Relationships between the measured variables can only be recognized as such if they are repeatedly determined under certain conditions. This is the only way to distinguish random events from the real relationships between the measured variables.
- the storage medium is not only necessary for the recognition of relationships, but also as "memory" for storing the recognized relationships. So that this memory is not simply lost in the event of a power failure, a non-volatile storage medium, for example an EEPROM 22, must be used.
- the data in the storage medium is changed or deleted.
- the example of a lighting control described earlier shows one way in which relationships between the measured variables can be saved: There, a function fi is formed based on the measured variables. In this case, different values of fi describe different lighting conditions. The relationships can thus be defined in the form of comparison values for the function fi by storing the lower and upper limits for the characteristic value ranges.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95908181A EP0695441A1 (de) | 1994-02-24 | 1995-02-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von messgrössen |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH54594 | 1994-02-24 | ||
CH545/94-0 | 1994-02-24 | ||
CH506/95-8 | 1995-02-22 | ||
CH50695 | 1995-02-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995023363A1 true WO1995023363A1 (de) | 1995-08-31 |
Family
ID=25684778
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH1995/000039 WO1995023363A1 (de) | 1994-02-24 | 1995-02-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von messgrössen |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0695441A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995023363A1 (de) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4273999A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1981-06-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Equi-visibility lighting control system |
WO1986005351A1 (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1986-09-12 | Stiftelsen For Industriell Og Teknisk Forskning Ve | Device for control of lighting fixture |
EP0410484A1 (de) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-01-30 | Zumtobel Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Anpassung der Lichtstärke des Summenlichts an das Aussenlicht |
EP0514104A2 (de) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-19 | AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES Inc. | Statische Echtzeitprozessüberwachungsvorrichtung |
EP0573357A1 (de) * | 1992-06-03 | 1993-12-08 | Thomson-Csf | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines laufenden Prozesses |
-
1995
- 1995-02-23 EP EP95908181A patent/EP0695441A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-02-23 WO PCT/CH1995/000039 patent/WO1995023363A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4273999A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1981-06-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Equi-visibility lighting control system |
WO1986005351A1 (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1986-09-12 | Stiftelsen For Industriell Og Teknisk Forskning Ve | Device for control of lighting fixture |
EP0410484A1 (de) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-01-30 | Zumtobel Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Anpassung der Lichtstärke des Summenlichts an das Aussenlicht |
EP0514104A2 (de) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-19 | AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES Inc. | Statische Echtzeitprozessüberwachungsvorrichtung |
EP0573357A1 (de) * | 1992-06-03 | 1993-12-08 | Thomson-Csf | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines laufenden Prozesses |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0695441A1 (de) | 1996-02-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE3404085C2 (de) | Abschalteinrichtung zum Abschalten überschüssiger Lichtquellen in Innenräumen mit dynamischer Zeitverzögerung | |
EP1247431B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur steuerung von betriebsmitteln für mindestens ein elektrisches leuchtmittel | |
DE102017111594A1 (de) | Beleuchtungssteuervorrichtung | |
EP0563696B1 (de) | Verfahren und Schaltanordnung zum Ein- und Ausschalten künstlicher Lichtquellen in einem Raum | |
CH700963B1 (de) | Computerimplementiertes Verfahren und System zur automatischen Überwachung und Darstellung eines energieeffizienten Betriebs von gebäudetechnischen Anlagen. | |
DE102005057068A1 (de) | Steuerungssystem für mehrere verteilt angeordnete Verbraucher, insbesondere für Lampenbetriebsgeräte, sowie Verfahren zur Inbetriebnahme | |
EP0948242A1 (de) | Verfahren und Präsenzmelder zum Steuern einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung | |
AT14229U1 (de) | Selbstjustierender Sensor zum Erfassen des Tageslichts | |
DE102017111611A1 (de) | Beleuchtungssteuervorrichtung und Beleuchtungssystem | |
DE102014117901A1 (de) | Bewegungserkennungseinheit und -System, Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bewegungserkennungseinheit und entsprechendes Computerprogramm | |
EP0667968B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur minimierung des engergieverbrauchs einer elektrischen last | |
WO1995023363A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von messgrössen | |
CH683478A5 (de) | Verfahren zum selbsttätigen Ein- und Ausschalten von Lichtquellen in einem Raum sowie Schaltanordnung zu dessen Durchführung. | |
EP3070549B1 (de) | Bedieneinrichtung, verfahren zur bedienung wenigstens eines elektrischen geräts | |
DE3921640C2 (de) | Lichtmengenregelvorrichtung | |
WO2020064191A1 (de) | Verfahren zum zuordnen von lichtsensoren für die beleuchtungsregelung in einem beleuchtungssystem | |
DE102014119520B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Konfiguration eines Beleuchtungssystems sowie Konfigurationseinrichtung und Beleuchtungssystem | |
DE112009002523B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung von Leuchtmittelbetriebsgeräten, Computersoftware-Programmprodukt, Leuchtmittelbetriebsgerät und System zur Ansteuerung von Leuchtmittelbetriebsgeräten | |
EP2364069B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Präsenzmelders, und entsprechender Präsenzmelder | |
EP1227703B1 (de) | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung | |
EP0862772A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur anwesenheitssimulation | |
DE19936983A1 (de) | Schaltgerät | |
DE102021117487A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln einer Heizungskennlinie und Heizungsanlage mit dieser Vorrichtung | |
DE102015008331B4 (de) | Gebäudeenergiemanagementverfahren | |
DE102021209288A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Steuern eines Heizungssystems, Heizungssysteme und Steuervorrichtungen zum Steuern eines Heizungssystems |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1995908181 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: US Ref document number: 1995 535281 Date of ref document: 19951019 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1995908181 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1995908181 Country of ref document: EP |