WO1995014818A1

WO1995014818A1 - Composite synthetic material tile and suitable laying system and laying plate therefor

Info

Publication number: WO1995014818A1
Application number: PCT/EP1993/003310
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernd Harnapp
Original assignee: Abo System-Elemente Gmbh
Priority date: 1993-11-26
Filing date: 1993-11-26
Publication date: 1995-06-01
Also published as: EP0730692A1; AU5627594A; JPH09505371A

Abstract

In floor coverings of composite tiles, especially of recycled synthetic material, with a polygonal ground plan, the possibility of obtaining the desired elastic properties while economising on material is provided. In the recess (4) forming a hollow space in each component (2) there is a cylindrical support (9) moulded on the underside of the tile covering (5), the lower edge (10) of which is preferably in a plane with the lower edges (7) of the composite tile. To stabilise the walls of each component (2), the supporting component (9) is connected to the vertical edges (12) of the components (2) via diagonal ribs (11), preferably extending to the lower edge of the tile covering. Together with laying plates (20) which comprise securing means (22) designed to co-operate with the supports (9) of the composite tiles, the latter form a laying system which permits the laying of the composite tiles even on difficult substrates and by means of which laid composite tiles can easily be lifted.

Description

Compound plaster element made of plastic and suitable laying system and laying plate for laying the composite plaster elements

The invention relates to a composite paving element of the type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 and also includes a Velegesystem for the composite paving element and a suitable laying plate.

Compound paving elements, such as those used for paving places or paths used in very different ways, are known in many different embodiments. Composite paving stones made of wood or concrete are widespread, which have a certain absorbency, especially with respect to water, so that e.g. Rainwater can get into the ground despite the floor covering being covered by the composite paving stones.

Surfaces covered with such composite plasters have a hard, sometimes even brittle surface, especially when the composite pavement elements are made on a concrete basis. In the case of diverse uses of composite paving elements, such as, for example, on playgrounds or sports fields or also in stalls provided for keeping animals, the use of composite paving elements ment with an elastic surface advantageous.

From DE 38 09 629 AI an internally hollow plaster element made of a rubber-like material is already known, the lower area of which is provided for insertion in a laying bed, which should preferably consist of mortar or highly plastic concrete. The sub-area has indentation protrusions on its inside, so that the plaster element can only be pressed into the laying bed with its sub-area to a certain defined depth. This leaves an internal, air-filled cavity in the installed plaster element, which is completely sealed off from the surroundings. When the plaster element is pressed in as a result of a load, the air inside is compressed, so that the air cushion acts as a support on the upper side of the plaster element.

A disadvantage of this embodiment, however, is that, due to the tightness of the rubber-like plastic material used, liquid impinging on the top of the plaster cannot drain into the subsurface.

This problem is solved by the drainage system for floor coverings made of composite paving element known from EP 0 524 609 A1 in that constantly wide paving joints are provided between adjacent, internally hollow composite paving elements, and recesses are provided in the side walls of the composite paving elements Connect paving joints to the interior of the composite paving element. With this measure, surface water - even in large quantities - can be quickly fed to the interior of the composite paving elements and - provided receptive substrates - can be absorbed by the substrate or, if the plaster is laid on a more or less water-impermeable substrate, on the surface of the substrate Drain are supplied.

The composite plaster known from EP 0 524 609 A1 is because there are no special requirements for the properties of the material used for its production. needs to be made from recycled plastic. In addition to the ability to drain surface water effectively, this plaster is therefore particularly notable for its ecologically well-tolerable manufacture. It is also resistant to almost all aggressive influences, such as most acids, faeces and urine. Furthermore, the plaster is absolutely maintenance-free, abrasion-resistant, weather and frost-resistant and - due to the low moisture absorption and only a small coefficient of thermal expansion - is very dimensionally stable and is therefore easy to install and easy to repair, since a partial replacement of composite paving elements can be done without adjusting the dimensions of the new elements to be used.

However, the above-described favorable properties of the composite plaster known from EP 0 524 609 A1 are - partly - bought by some disadvantages, which will be explained in the following. Thus, the recycling plastic is in principle well suited for the production of this composite plaster, but because of the reduced strength values of the recycled plastic compared to non-recycled plastics, the wall thicknesses have to be increased, which has a negative impact on the production costs and the weight of the composite paving elements affects. This effect is further increased by the fact that the lateral openings serving for drainage to stabilize a laid paving element and the inner air cushion cannot be used, since the openings cause material weakness and an exchange of the internal air with the environment . The plaster also tends to sink into the ground when it is laid on relatively soft surfaces, as can often be found in children's playgrounds or campsites, so that the inside of the "plaster cover" comes to rest on the ground. In addition to a reduced drainage capacity, the Sinking in is accompanied by a loss of the elasticity which is advantageous for many applications, since the pavement cover can no longer spring down under load.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a composite paving element from — preferably recycled — plastics, in which the desired elastic properties are achieved while at the same time saving material. Nevertheless, all the building features and properties, in particular the drainage capability, of the paving element according to EP 0 524 609 A1 should be realizable. In addition, the paving element should be used for laying on difficult substrates, e.g. soft sandy soils are made accessible.

This first-mentioned object is achieved by the invention reproduced in claim 1. A laying system which is particularly suitable for applying the composite paving elements according to the invention to difficult substrates is the subject of claim 8; a laying plate for this has the features of claim 9.

Characterized in that in a central recess forming an internal volume in the composite paving element, a circumferential rib extending approximately vertically from the cover is provided, which is connected to the vertical edges of the polygonal composite paving element via approximately star-shaped diagonal ribs, considerable shape retention is achieved Composite paving element achieved with high elasticity. The configuration of a composite paving element according to the invention therefore makes it possible to considerably reduce the wall thicknesses compared to conventional composite paving elements without reducing the load-bearing capacity. The circumferential rib extending approximately vertically from the cover in the central recess also leads to a strengthening of the cover itself, but without forces when the cover is loaded into the side walls, by means of its lower edges, which are preferably provided with edge recesses, the composite paving element supports the laying substrate, initiate. The further provided diagonal ribs, which connect the circumferential rib to the side walls, are not - as is known for the reinforcement of flat wall surfaces - connected to the central areas of the side walls, but rather to the vertical edges, ie to the wall edges, which already exist naturally have the highest stiffness. Surprisingly, this measure leads to a considerable increase in the stiffness of the entire composite paving element, which on the one hand provides the best possible support for the cover and, on the other hand, a configuration of the composite paving element with - known per se from EP 0 524 609 A1 - Edge openings, which are provided in the side walls and serve the drainage ability of a composite paving element made of recycled plastic, is made possible.

In the preferred embodiment of the composite plaster element, the circumferential rib is formed by a cylindrical jacket-shaped support element. This configuration leads on the one hand to a particularly uniform stiffening of the pavement cover, and on the other hand to an effective coupling of forces to the diagonal ribs, without stress increases occurring at edges, which could lead to crack formation due to material fatigue of a repeatedly loaded composite paving element.

Another advantage of the composite paving elements made of plastic is the possibility, by changing the composition of the plastics used for the production of the composite paving elements and / or by adapting the stiffening ribs provided in the central recess, the elastic properties of the composite paving element to the respective intended use to be able to adapt optimally. This can be done according to claim 3 in that the diagonal ribs have a lower edge recess, the shape or dimension of which can be adapted to the required compliance. Also the edge recesses ensure that surface water which flows off via the paving joints can be distributed evenly within a composite paving element on the substrate.

A composite paving element according to the invention can be produced particularly thin-walled and flat if, according to claim 4, the lower edge of the support element lies in one plane with the lower edge of the composite paving element. It is then further expedient, according to claim 5, to provide means for anchoring the composite paving element on a suitable laying plate, the function of which will be explained further below, on the support element. The means for anchoring can advantageously consist of an all-round groove machined into the inner cross-section of the support element (claim 6) or, according to claim 7, of an extension extending from the lower edge of the support element, the outer contour of which has a circumferential or several individual projections.

A laying system suitable for composite paving elements according to the invention is the subject of claim 8. It comprises laying plates which are preferably also made from recycled plastic. Fastening means for the composite paving elements are provided on the laying plates, which can be brought into engagement with the fastening means provided on the composite paving elements and thus on the one hand the fastening of the composite paving elements themselves on the laying plates, on the other hand - at least optionally , ie if necessary also dispensable - serve to fix adjacent laying panels to one another by means of composite paving elements bridging their dividing line.

A laying plate which is particularly suitable for use in the laying system according to the invention and in which the distance between adjacent fastening means, even when they are located on adjoining laying plates, is the subject of claim 9. This feature makes the size relatively small and therefore simple Transportability of the laying boards and maximum variability in the laying of the composite paving elements according to the invention achieved.

The fastening means are particularly well suited for achieving a firm fit of a composite paving element according to the invention in the embodiment according to claim 6 on a laying plate if, according to claim 10, they consist of pot-shaped holding knobs protruding from the laying plate and projecting radially ¬ have edge that engages after placing and then pressing a composite paving element into the inner cross section of the support element, in particular into an all-round groove incorporated therein.

A fastening plate according to claim 11 is particularly suitable for fastening a composite plaster element according to the invention in the embodiment according to claim 7, in which the fastening means consist of incorporated openings which have undercuts on the side pointing away from the composite plaster element, into which the The projections provided on the extension of the support element snap into place after the composite plaster element has been put on.

Such a laying system, consisting of composite paving elements and laying plates, on the one hand prevents the hollow paving elements, which are hollow at the bottom, from sinking into soft ground, as is present in particular at camping sites, playgrounds and sports fields, and on the other hand the laying process is considerably simplified In the case of a plurality of laying mats, mutually adjacent laying mats are fixed against one another by bridging composite plaster elements. Paving elements can also be easily picked up and - like the installation boards - used again. This laying system also creates a real hollow-chamber composite paving element which, despite its outstanding properties, can be produced in the simplest way. In addition, this installation system is also suitable in Connection with composite paving elements other than those according to claim 1.

The size, shape, material selection and technical conceptions of the above-mentioned components as well as those claimed and to be used according to the invention described in the following exemplary embodiment are not subject to any special exceptional conditions, so that the selection criteria known in the respective field of application can be used without restriction.

Further details, features and advantages of the object of the invention result from the following description of the associated drawing, in which - by way of example - preferred embodiments of a composite paving element according to the invention and a laying system suitable for laying the composite paving elements and suitable laying panels are shown. The drawing shows:

1 shows a composite plaster element according to the invention in the form of a double hexagon element in vertical longitudinal section along the line I-I according to FIG. 2;

Figure 2 shows the same composite paving element in a view from below (view A in Fig. 1).

3 shows the same composite paving element in a view of a narrow side (view B in FIG. 2);

4 shows the same composite plaster element in a view from above (view C in FIG. 1);

5 shows an alternative embodiment of a composite paving element according to the invention in the form of a triple double hexagon element in a view from above;

6 shows a laying plate according to the invention in a view from above, four laying plates laid against one another being shown in this figure;

7 shows the arrangement of laying plates according to FIG. 6, each of which is equipped with a plaster element according to FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, in a view from above;

8 a laying system according to the invention with fastening Fixing means for fixing a plaster element on a laying plate in a vertical longitudinal section (in sections) and

9 shows a further embodiment of the fastening means in the same representation as in FIG. 8.

If the term "top" or "bottom" is used in the following, then the information relates to a composite paving element or a correspondingly positioned laying plate, which is intended to be laid on a substrate.

1 shows a plaster element 1 according to the invention made of recycled plastic in a side view of a vertical longitudinal section. In this embodiment, the plaster element 1 consists of a double hexagon element, which consists of two hexagonal basic elements 2, 2 'of the same basic dimensions, which have a common connecting wall 3. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, each hexagonal element 2, 2 'comprises a central recess 4, 4' arranged in its bottom surface, the upper boundary of which forms a closed plaster cover 5, 5 '. The side walls 6,6 'of the central recesses 4,4' adjoining the plaster cover 5,5 'stand vertically on the plaster cover 5,5'. Their lower edges 7, 7 'form support surfaces over which a laid composite plaster element 1 is supported on a laying plate - to be described further below - or on another surface. On its side walls 6, 6 ', the composite paving element 1 has openings 8, 8' on the bottom, via which the central recesses 4, 4 'communicate laterally with the surroundings. The mode of operation of these openings known per se, which in connection with plaster joints not shown in the drawing can form a network-shaped drainage system, is explained in detail in EP 0 524 609 A1. In the interior of the central recess 4, 4 ', a circular cylinder jacket-shaped support element 9, 9' is arranged radially symmetrically to the center of the area of the underside of the pavement cover, the lower edge 10, 10 'of which is in one plane - Lü ¬ the lower edges 7,7 'of the side walls 6,6' of the respective hexagonal element 2,2 '. Diagonal ribs 11, 11 ', also connected radially to the underside of the plaster cover 5.5', extend radially from the outer circumferential surface of the support element 9, 9 'into the vertical edges 12, 12' of the hexagon elements 2.2 '. The diagonal ribs 11, 11 'have lower edge recesses 13, 13' through which, on the one hand, an exchange of liquid can take place between the individual segments 14, 14 'formed by the diagonal ribs 11, 11', and on the other hand, by changing their dimensions, the flexibility of the Plaster cover 5.5 'can be varied.

At the edges of the pavement cover 5,5 ', sloping chamfer surfaces 15, 15' are provided which, together with the chamfer surface of an adjacent hexagon element, form channels 16 which serve to drain off surface water.

The exemplary embodiment of a composite paving element according to the invention described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 is a double hexagon element, which is shown in FIG. 4 in a view from above. Another preferred embodiment of a composite paving element, in which this is designed as a triple double hexagon element 17, is also shown in FIG. 5 in a view from above. The design and function of the individual hexagon elements correspond to that of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.

Multiple elements of this type can be produced in any sizes, each being a single element, preferably hexagonal basic dimensions, which are connected at the factory to form an overall element and have common connecting walls 3, which are likewise provided with openings 8.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of laying plates 20 according to the invention which, together with the composite paving elements 1, 17 described above, education system should serve. Such a laying plate 20 consists of a base plate 21 which, in the embodiment shown, has the layout of a triple double hexagon element and is therefore also suitable for realizing a hollow composite paving element. However, this design is by no means compulsory; rather, it is also possible to choose the base plate 21 rectangular or to produce it in a size which is a multiple of the size of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6.

In this embodiment, each laying plate has six fastening means 22, which are only indicated in a circle in the drawing. Each of the fastening means 22 serves to fix a hexagon element 2 of a composite paving element 1, 17 and is provided for cooperation with the central support elements 9 of a hexagon element 2. The exact description of the design of the fastening means 22 is given below with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. The fastening means 22 are arranged on the base plate 21 in such a way that the distance of adjacent fastening means - also to those on an adjacent plate - is constant . This configuration on the one hand achieves optimal variability in the assembly of the composite paving elements 1, 17 on the laying plates 20, on the other hand the individual laying plates 20 can be fixed against one another by laying the composite paving elements 1, 17 bridging the laying plate edges 23. As shown in the example of the laying plate 20 shown at the top left in FIG. 6, the base plate can further be equipped with drainage openings 24 which are arranged in such a way that they communicate with the openings 8 when the composite paving elements are attached. However, all other arrangements of drainage openings 24 are also conceivable which do not impair the ability of the composite plaster elements 1, 17 to be installed on the laying plate 20. The equipment of the laying panels with drainage openings 24 are particularly suitable if the installation panels are applied to an absorbent surface into which surface water is to be introduced directly.

FIG. 7 shows an arrangement of laying plates, which corresponds to that in FIG. 6, to which a double hexagonal composite plaster element 1 and a triple double hexagonal composite plaster element 17 are applied in such a way that they bridge the laying plate edges 23 and thereby - as already described above - at the same time serve to fix the laying plates to one another.

8 shows a first embodiment of the fastening means provided for fixing the composite paving elements 1, 17 on the laying plate 20. Accordingly, the fastening means consist of pot-shaped holding knobs 25 projecting upward from the base plate 21, which have a radially projecting edge 26 at their upper end. The diameter of the holding knobs 25 is dimensioned such that the support element 9 of a hexagon element 2 can be slipped over a holding knobs 25, so that the projecting edge 26 hooks into an all-round groove 27 of the inner wall of the supporting element 9.

9 shows a second embodiment of the fastening means. Openings 28 which are incorporated in the laying plate and have undercuts 29 on the side pointing away from the composite paving element 1, 17 serve to form these. The composite paving element 1, 17 which is suitable for fastening to this laying plate 20 'comprises, at the lower end of the support element 9 of the hexagonal elements 2, a downwardly extending extension 30 which has a circumferential projection 31 on its outer cross section. The extension 30 and the protrusion 31 are dimensioned such that when a composite plaster element 1 ', 17' is placed on a laying plate 20 ', the extension 30 can be inserted into an opening 28 and the protrusion 31 after the composite has been fully attached. paving elements 1 ', 17' automatically engage in the undercut 29 of the opening 28.

In these embodiments of the fastening elements, it is possible to take up the composite paving elements and the laying boards again and, if necessary, to reuse them elsewhere. If this feature is not desired, laid composite paving elements can also be glued to the laying plates, which means that there is no need to design the fastening means with snap-in devices, such as grooves and projections or the like.

Claims

Patent claims

1. In plan, polygonal composite paving element (1,17) made of plastic, preferably made of recycled plastic, with a central recess (4) arranged in the bottom surface, with approximately perpendicular to the pavement cover (5) of the composite paving element (1,17 ) extending side walls (6) and with vertical edges formed by the side walls, characterized in that a circumferential rib extending approximately vertically from the pavement cover (5) is provided in the central recess (4) and that the circumferential rib with the vertical edges (12) of the composite paving element (1, 17) is connected via approximately star-shaped diagonal ribs (11).

2. Composite plaster element according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential rib is formed by a Zylin¬ dermantelfiform support element (9).

3. composite paving element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diagonal ribs (11) have a lower edge recess (13).

4. Compound paving element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lower edge (10) of the support element (9) lies in a plane with the lower edges (7) of the composite paving element (1,17).

5. Compound paving element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that means for anchoring the composite paving element (1, 17) on a laying plate (20) are provided on the support element (9).

6. Compound paving element according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for anchoring consist of an all-round groove (27) incorporated into the inner cross section of the support element (9).

7. A composite paving element according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for anchoring consist of an extension (30) extending from the lower edge (10) of the support element (9), which has an encircling one or more individual projections (31) on its outer cross section ) includes.

8. Laying system for composite paving elements according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the laying system comprises laying panels (20), preferably made of recycled plastic, on which fastening means (22) for the composite paving elements (1,17) are provided and that the fastening means (22) are designed in such a way that adjacent installation panels (20) are fixed against each other by composite plaster elements (1, 17).

9. laying plate for a laying system according to claim 8, characterized in that the distance between adjacent Fastening means (22), also across the laying plate edges (23) adjoining laying plates (20), is constant.

10. laying plate according to claim 9, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fastening means (22) from pot-shaped, from the base plate (21) of the laying plate (20) projecting, a radially projecting edge (26) comprising the retaining knobs ( 25) exist.

11. Laying plate according to claim 9, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fastening means (22) from in the base plate (21) machined openings (28) on the side of the composite paving element (1,17) facing undercuts (29th ) exhibit.