WO1995012502A1 - Dispositif et procede antieblouissement pour vehicule - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede antieblouissement pour vehicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995012502A1
WO1995012502A1 PCT/CN1994/000038 CN9400038W WO9512502A1 WO 1995012502 A1 WO1995012502 A1 WO 1995012502A1 CN 9400038 W CN9400038 W CN 9400038W WO 9512502 A1 WO9512502 A1 WO 9512502A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
light source
frequency
pulse light
strobe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1994/000038
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yousu Chen
Younong Chen
Original Assignee
Jiang, Bo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jiang, Bo filed Critical Jiang, Bo
Priority to AU67196/94A priority Critical patent/AU6719694A/en
Publication of WO1995012502A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995012502A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
    • B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/14—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means
    • B60Q1/1415—Dimming circuits
    • B60Q1/1423—Automatic dimming circuits, i.e. switching between high beam and low beam due to change of ambient light or light level in road traffic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2300/00—Indexing codes for automatically adjustable headlamps or automatically dimmable headlamps
    • B60Q2300/40—Indexing codes relating to other road users or special conditions
    • B60Q2300/42—Indexing codes relating to other road users or special conditions oncoming vehicle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for dizziness, lighting or communication between the inside and outside of a vehicle while driving.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN1034695A discloses a method for controlling the lights of the two parties and the light valve in front of the driver during the meeting by using the other party ’s light to control the lights to switch on and off quickly and repeatedly to achieve the effect of non-glare lighting. Depends on the cooperation of both sides of the meeting.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for preventing glare while driving. Without the cooperation of other parties, without affecting other parties' observations, that is, without interrupting the observation process, without flickering, and without reducing the average illumination brightness, Attenuates glare caused by headlights, street lights or other stray light sources in front of the vehicle while driving, and can use the headlights to complete communication with the outside world.
  • Strobe pulse light with a small duty cycle and a frequency higher than the visual fusion frequency of the human eye is used as the vehicle lighting signal; an anti-glare mirror composed of an optical switch is used, which is simultaneously with the flash of the strobe pulse light of the existing vehicle On.
  • an external strobe pulse light the opening of the optical switch and the flash of the external strobe light maintain a large phase difference.
  • the present invention can communicate by encoding the information to be transmitted, modulating the strobe pulse, sending it as a modulated pulse, or receiving an external modulated pulse signal for decoding and identification.
  • an anti-glare device including:
  • Pulse light source used to generate strobe pulse light with an average power of 002-0. 1 that meets the power required for vehicle lighting and has a frequency higher than the visual fusion frequency of the human eye as the illumination light source;
  • the glare mirror cooperates with the periodic flashing and intermittent of the pulsed light emitted from the pulsed light source to make corresponding and turn on and off, so that the driver can see the illumination of the pulsed light source, and most of the external glare is blocked off;
  • a control circuit that controls the pulse light source to strobe at a frequency higher than the visual fusion frequency of the human eye, and controls the anti-glare mirror to be turned on and off according to the flash and interval of the strobe pulse light of the pulse light source, thereby The driver can see the illumination of the strobe pulse light of the pulse light source, and block most of the external glare.
  • the strobe pulse lamp of the invention can generate high-frequency periodic flashes, can emit extremely strong light pulses in a very short time, and the light pulses have very steep frontiers, etc., and provides a practical and practical vehicle for driving. Method for time lighting, dizziness and communication and device for implementing the method.
  • the invention can achieve glare without normal operation under the premise of not affecting observation.
  • using the invention can eliminate vehicle glare and other glare without other cooperation, which is beneficial to reduce Traffic accidents between liquids improve road transportation capacity.
  • the invention uses a lamp to realize automatic digital communication on the move at a short distance. Compared with a radio telephone, it does not occupy a radio channel, does not generate electromagnetic wave interference, and has high efficiency.
  • the use of the present invention is helpful for automatic traffic management, such as registering the number of vehicles on the road through automatic response, and various statistics on vehicles.
  • the invention uses strobe pulse light to act as vehicle lighting lamp, and its color temperature is generally as high as above 5500 ° K. Especially for pulsed xenon lamps, its spectral distribution is similar to daylight, thereby eliminating visual fatigue caused by color cast of the light. In addition, in the prior art, even if a tungsten halogen lamp is used, its color temperature is only below 3500 ° K, the luminous efficiency is only about 30Lm / W, and the luminous efficiency of the pulsed xenon lamp can reach about 40Lm / W.
  • the invention is equally applicable to other vehicles, such as ships.
  • the anti-glare technology in the present invention can also be used for laser welding. As long as the on / off duty cycle of the optical switch in the dazzle mirror is interchanged, the welding process and the effect of welding can be observed while the laser is hurting the eyes.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the device structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of the electrical principle of the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical receiver circuit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a controller circuit of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the microprocessor interface circuit.
  • Figure 6 shows the structure of a single lamp.
  • the present invention uses a light receiver to receive glare or pulse light signals, and balances and filters
  • the wave removes background light, electrical, thermal noise and other interference, and under the control of the controller 2, outputs the judgment output signal for the presence or absence of glare and the photoelectric pulse formed by the light of the square car to the anti-glare mirror 4 as its auxiliary signal.
  • a periodic pulse signal corresponding to the leading edge of the optical pulse is output to the controller 2.
  • the controller 2 not only controls the operation of the light receiver 1, but also controls the synchronous operation of the lighting lamp 3 composed of the light switch and the strobe pulse light in the anti-glare mirror 4.
  • the controller contains a high-Q frequency-free oscillator, whose output is counted and divided to generate the control signal of the optical switch in the anti-glare mirror 4.
  • the signal is sent to the frequency via a delay ⁇ or phase shifter.
  • the trigger circuit in the flashing light is used as a trigger control signal.
  • the time delay or phase shift can be controlled by the coded output of the communication controller 5 for the time delay or phase shifter.
  • As a modulation-free component it can coordinate the time difference or phase difference between fast-triggering lights and slow light switching elements.
  • the controller receives a periodic photoelectric pulse sent by the photoreceptor through a phase-locked loop.
  • a strobe pulse of a certain intensity is accepted, the phase-locked loop will stabilize the leading edge of the light pulse and provide a phase 180 ° away from the edge.
  • the phase difference is another fixed-phase synchronization signal to the oscillator frequency divider in the controller 2, and it is cleared or preset to make the flash and the light switch turn on to the middle of every other strobe twice.
  • the synchronization signal will be canceled immediately, and the strobe pulse light and optical switch will be adjusted due to the high stability of the oscillator before the phase is lost.
  • the phase-locked loop also performs phase-locked demodulation of the external frequency flash at the same time.
  • the demodulated output and a control signal that allows decoding are sent to the communication controller 5 to complete decoding.
  • the control signal that allows decoding can be a lock indication output.
  • the communication controller 5 encodes the instruction sent by the input device 6 and the information to be transmitted, or encodes the information that needs to be responded to due to receiving an external signal, and outputs it to the controller 2, which is delayed or phase-shifted by it.
  • the modulator completes the modulation of the light pulse.
  • the communication controller 5 recognizes the demodulated information code sent at the same time after receiving the decoding permission signal sent by the controller 2, that is, the decoding process, and 4 ! The corresponding result is output by the outputter 7.
  • the lighting vehicle light 3 is composed of a strobe pulse light, a discharge energy storage circuit thereof, and a trigger circuit. After receiving the trigger control signal output by the controller 2, the trigger circuit generates a trigger signal to cause the strobe light to ignite and flash.
  • the discharge energy storage circuit makes the strobe lamp discharge waveform close to a rectangle within the prescribed discharge time, so as to limit its peak power under the same pulse power, and maintain and extend the service performance and life of the lamp. At the same time, the discharge circuit is guaranteed to meet the communication requirements Steep enough light Pulse front.
  • the loop can be several LC circuits. The charging and discharging of the discharge energy storage circuit are performed by the lamp current to save power.
  • the optical fiber connection can be used between the trigger circuit of the stroboscopic pulse and the signal controller to facilitate anti-interference.
  • the anti-glare mirror 4 is composed of an optical switch and an auxiliary circuit. After receiving the periodic control signal from the controller 2, the circuit periodically drives the optical switch to repeatedly open and close.
  • the optical switch also accepts the judgment signal control for the presence or absence of glare output from the light receiver. When there is no glare and only communication is required during the day without glare, it can prevent the cycle work and keep it on to extend the switching milliseconds :, Sub-second optical switch, optical connection
  • Edge to coincide with the effective lighting time of the flash, and the leading edge moment can also be calibrated by the leading edge of the control signal.
  • the light In the strobe light flash interval, the light is turned off. At this time, the light switch is opaque, or it is not completely transparent to limit the effective blocking of light.
  • the strobe pulse light has a duty cycle of less than 0.1 and a pulse width of 0.1-2.5.
  • the 5ms strobe period is 20_256Hz.
  • the flash In order to prevent the intermittent and flickering of the observation caused by the period of the pulse flash being extinguished, the flash must be performed in a periodic manner higher than the visual fusion frequency of the human eye.
  • the fusion frequency varies according to the size of the field of view and the difference in light and darkness. It is considered that when the field of view is used as a vehicle light, there is a moving scene in the field of view, so the flash frequency is between 20-256Hz, and the upper limit frequency is limited by the flash and the light switching rate. In actual use, the frequency must be a certain specified value.
  • the anti-dazzle mirror is made by the light switch in front of the user's eyes. As long as the light switch stays on every time the light flashes, it will not affect the observation. When being dazzled, it is not necessary for the car lights to affect the lighting effect due to special operations, nor does it hinder the observation of the illuminated scene and affect the observation effect. Due to the small duty cycle of the optical switch, the glare cannot be transmitted through the light most of the time, so the average power of the glare that can finally enter the human eye is greatly weakened.
  • Italbot-Pratau's Law An equivalent stable light source fused by high-frequency flashes, whose brightness or light intensity is equal to the average brightness or average light intensity of the flash. Assuming a strobe period of 10 ms and a flash pulse width of 1 ms, in order to obtain an average headlight power of 60W, the flash pulse of the headlight is required to be ⁇
  • the anti-glare effect is the time duty cycle of the optical switch cycle, that is, each time it is turned on The ratio of time to on period.
  • the glare passes through the light switch that is turned on and off periodically, it is also cut into periodic flash pulses, and its equivalent brightness or light intensity can also be determined according to Talbot-Pratau's law. Because the turn-on is performed in synchronization with the flash, its duty cycle is approximately the duty cycle of the flash pulse. It is still assumed that the cycle is 10ms, the pulse width is 1ms, and the duty cycle is 0.1.
  • the original headlight was 60W. After passing through the anti-glare mirror composed of light switches, ⁇ was regarded as 6W.
  • the pulse width of the flash is, the better, but the pulse width is limited by the life of the strobe light and the peak persuasion rate, generally between 0.3-2. 5ms, and even 0. lms below.
  • the receiver receives the flash of the other frequency, and the controller adjusts the flash of the square car lights to synchronize with the other party, but maintains a large phase difference that can prevent the flash of the two sides from overlapping.
  • the maximum value is 180 °. Because the light switches of all parties are turned off each time the other party's lights flash, it can more completely eliminate glare than when the stray light source is continuous light.
  • the stroboscopic frequency control is generated by a highly stable oscillator and has a standard value.
  • Flash period still 10ms
  • flash lms pulse width for example, when the frequency is stable 10_ 5
  • the worst case is calculated by:
  • the pulse lamp triggering process is extremely fast, up to ten nanoseconds, as long as the pulse lamp discharge circuit parameters are reasonably selected, a very steep light pulse front can be obtained.
  • the headlight strobe is performed according to the aforementioned high stable period, corresponding to the leading edge time with strict and accurate repetition, adjust the time position of this leading edge according to the information encoding and data format, and complete the position of the light pulse. Or phase modulation.
  • the specific method can be to use data coding to control a constant variable delay or phase shifter to change the time or phase of the trigger control signal of the pulse lamp.
  • the communication medium light is in the form of digital pulses, it is easy to distinguish from the background light, and the pulse power of the car lights is high. Therefore, the optical communication is not limited to night time, but can also be performed during the day.
  • the light receiver for receiving glare or light signals is composed of a light sensor 1, an amplifier 2, an analog switch 3, a filter 4, an amplifier 5, a phase shifter 6, a threshold comparator 7, and an AND gate 8.
  • the optical sensor receives the optical signal in the specified direction and converts it into an electrical signal.
  • the ⁇ -bridge output cancels the temperature drift and background light interference, and is amplified by the amplifier 2 to a level suitable for CMOS analog switch processing.
  • the analog switch 3 switches the signal output from the amplifier 2 to the dazzle mirror 32 to align the trailing edge of the optical switch with the trailing edge of the electric pulse generated by the square car light. At other times, the signal is switched to the filter 4 and the threshold comparator 7 to detect the glare or communication light signal.
  • Filter 4 is a high-Q narrow band-pass switching filter, in which the switching control signal is generated by a counter 15 dividing a crystal oscillation signal, so the switching frequency is a high precision frequency of the crystal spike frequency, and this frequency is a car Multiplier of lamp flash frequency. Therefore, the narrow-band filtering can be performed on the photoelectric pulses generated by the strobe lights with noisy noise. This is to ensure the output of "pure" stroboscopic electric pulses under the circumstances of eliminating the interference of stray light and the interference caused by the electrical noise and mechanical vibration of the car itself.
  • Threshold comparison ⁇ 7 determines whether there is a certain intensity of glare, such as otherwise the threshold comparator 7 ⁇ outputs a prohibition signal, seals the gate and gate 8 and can stop the optical switching cycle operation, and always keeps the on state.
  • the photoelectric pulse signal is again by the amplifier 5 Amplification, but the gain of the amplifier 5 is controlled by the photoelectric pulse amplitude detected by the filter 4, so that when the input level of the amplifier 5 changes, the signal can still be amplified to a standard value without being clipped.
  • the phase shifting ⁇ 6 compensation circuit delays and outputs a keyed pulse train, and the transistor T1 (see FIG. 3) generates a pulse reflecting the leading edge of the external frequency flash and is output via the AND gate 8.
  • the gates 20, 21, light-emitting diodes 22, 23, and optical fibers 24, 25 constitute a controller.
  • the communication controller uses a microprocessor 35, the input device is an input switch 33, and the acousto-optic display 34 constitutes an output device.
  • the phase-locked loop 9 is used to generate a pulse train that continuously tracks the leading edge phase of an external light pulse, with a frequency of 2 to 8 times the flash frequency, and the frequency divider 10 further provides the phase of the outer flash pulse period based on this pulse train. information.
  • the frequency-divided output corresponding to the leading edge of the light pulse is decoded and output by the decoding gate 13 to clear the counter 16, and the frequency divider outputs to the microprocessor 35 through the D latches 11 and 12 at the same time.
  • the Q1 'and Q2' states of the periodic phase code corresponding to the leading edge of the dimming pulse provide the demodulation code. (See Figure 4).
  • the crystal oscillator 14 provides a high-precision clock for the counter 16 to count and divide.
  • Count 16 is a cycle counter with a clear end. Its cycle period is equal to the flashing period of the strobe car light. If the fixed flash frequency is 128Hz, the crystal frequency is 32768Hz, count ⁇ is 8 levels Binary. Every time the count reaches half-cycle time, the "100000" status of Q8-Q3 in the counter 16 output will be decoded and output by the decoding gate 17 (see Figure 4) and used to control the opening of the anti-glare mirror 37.
  • the optical switch is controlled by a digitally controlled phase shifter 18 to trigger the flashing of the lights, and switch the analog switch 3.
  • the decoding gate 13 When meeting the vehicle, the strobe light of the strobe light of the other party will be received and fixed. At the leading edge of its pulse, the decoding gate 13 outputs a clear signal, so that the counter 16 is immediately cleared asynchronously without looping. In this way, the next flashing of the square headlights can only be performed when the counter 16 re-counts to half a strobe period, thereby ensuring that the strobe lights of the two parties differ by a half period of 180. .
  • the phase shifter 18 is used to adjust the position of the leading edge of the flash pulse. When no light communication is performed, the phase shifter 18 can be canceled and the trigger signal is passed through.
  • the D trigger 19 and AND gates 20 and 21 control the flashes in turn by the lamps 29 and 30, respectively. In the single lamp structure, the D trigger 19 and an AND gate 20 can be eliminated.
  • the flash trigger control signals output by the AND gates 20 and 21 convert the optical fiber couplers formed by the light emitting diodes 22 and 23 into optical signals and output the optical signals through the optical fibers 24 and 25.
  • Counter 15 frequency-divided output (see Figure 4) K1-5 is sent to filter 4 to control the switchover.
  • circuits of the controller and the photoelectric receiver can be integrated into one or a block dedicated circuit, or can be made into a dedicated processor together with the microprocessor.
  • the strobe light flashing part is composed of strobe lights 29, 30, energy storage circuit 31, flash trigger 28, and optical fiber receiving couplers 26, 27.
  • the optical fiber receiving coupler 26, 27 uses photosensitive parts, such as a photodiode or a phototransistor.
  • the two strobe lights 29 and 30 charge and discharge the discharge energy storage circuit 31 in turn under the control of the flash trigger signal, and emit a strong flash.
  • the strobe pulse light can be a xenon lamp, or a xenon lamp doped with other elements, and the flash is effectively illuminated.
  • the pulse width is 0.8 ms. The best is 0.2ms.
  • the anti-glare mirror 32 is composed of an optical switch and its driving control circuit. After receiving the glare control signal sent from the threshold comparator 7, the circuit starts the light switch cycle on and off under the control of the output of the decoding gate 17. The turned-on trailing edge is consistent with the trailing edge of the photoelectric pulse of the square strobe pulse light switched by the analog switch.
  • the optical switch uses a three-electrode liquid crystal light door, and its opening speed can reach 0.03ms, and its closing speed is 0.25ms. Can also use other liquid crystal, ferroelectric, polymer film, piezoelectric Electrostatically controlled optical switches such as static, interference or mechanical. The shape can be glasses, shading bezels, etc.
  • the microprocessor accepts the seed code sent from the registers 11, 12.
  • the microprocessor is equipped with corresponding software, which completes the encoding process when sending information. Its edited output is sent to the numerically-controlled phase shifter 18, and the count status sent from the counter 16 is compared with "counter”. Then, a delayed phase shift signal is output. This completes the modulation.
  • the modulation method here is four-phase keying. The modulation can be performed on every pulse or every thousand pulses.
  • the power converter 36 converts the original power supply V0 on the vehicle into the working power supply + V1, a V2 required by the strobe light parameters, and the regulated power supply + V3, ⁇ 4, etc. used in other parts of the circuit.
  • D1 and S2 are photodiodes. One directionally receives the front glare and the other senses the background light and temperature scattered light. Two resistors connected in series are used to balance the photosensitivity characteristics of D1 and D2. .
  • the analog switch connected to the output circuit of IC5 is used to clamp the output to zero volts during the cut-off period of the signal of the square car light flashing.
  • IC6-2 constitutes a re-triggerable monostable to meet the discrimination requirements of stroboscopic glare.
  • the controllable gain amplifier is composed of IC7 and multiplier IC8. D6, 7, 8 and pull-up resistors form an AND gate.
  • D10, l l are light emitting tubes with optical fiber output coupling.
  • the microprocessor shown in Figure 5 constitutes the communication controller.
  • K is a double-pole double-throw switch, which can be formed by thyristors, high-power transistors, or high-power field-effect tubes.
  • the trigger control signal is carried out by the delay driver.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Description

行车防眩照明的方法和装置
本发明涉及一种用于行车时昉眩、照明或车内外间通讯联络的方 法及装置。
现有技术中，机动车辆的照明灯均采用连续发光的方式，给车辆交 会时防眩造成困难。 中囯发明专利申请 CN1034695A公开了一种利用 对方光照控制会车时交会双方车灯和司机眼前的光阀交镨、反复迅速 地启闭，达到无眩照明效果，但是，这种防眩目的的实现有赖于会车双 方的配合。
本发明的目的在于提出一种行车.时防眩的方法及装置，在无须他 方配合、在不影响已方观察，即不间断观察过程、无闪烁感、不降低平 均照明亮度的同时， 消除或消弱行车时车前方的车灯、路灯或其它杂 散光源造成的眩光，并可利用车灯完成与外界的通讯。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
采用具有小占空比、频率高于人眼视觉融合频率的频闪脉沖光作 为车辆照明信号； 以由光开关构成的防眩镜，所述光开关与已方车辆 频闪脉沖光的闪光同时开启。在有外来频闪脉沖光时，光开关的开启 与外来频闪光的闪光保持一个较大的相位差。
本发明可以通过将欲发送的信息编码后对频闪脉冲进行调制、成 为调制脉沖发出，或接收外来已调脉冲信号解码识别进行通讯。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种防眩装置，包括：
脉沖光源，用于产生闪光占空比为 0. 002-0. 1的平均功率满足行 车照明所需功率的，频率高于人眼视觉融合频率的频闪脉沖光作为照 明光源；
眩镜，配合从所述脉沖光源发出的脉沖光的周期地闪光与间歇， 作出相应和开启与关闭，从而便驾驶者可以看到所述脉冲光源的照 明，而 !大部分外界眩光档掉； 控制电路，控制所述脉冲光源以高于人眼视觉融合频率的频率进 行频闪，以及根据所述脉冲光源的频闪脉冲光的闪光和间歇，控制所述 防眩镜的开启和关闭，从而保 驾驶者可以看到所述脉沖光源的频闪 脉冲光的照明，而将大部分外界眩光挡掉。
本发明作用频闪脉冲灯能产生高频率的周期闪光、能在极短时间 里发出极强的光脉冲，以及光脉沖具有很陡的前沿等特性，提供了一种 工程上实用的、供行车时照明、昉眩和通讯的方法及实施该方法的装 置。
本发明能在不影响观察的前提下，不须人员特殊操作，一如正常驾 駛的情况下实现昉眩，使用本发明能在无须其它配合的情况下消除会 车眩光以及其它眩光，有利于降低液间行车事故，提高道路运输能力。
本发明利用灯在近距离实现移动中的自动数字通讯，较之无线电 话机， 不占用无线电频道，不产生电磁波干扰，效率高。 使用本发明有 助于进行交通自动化管理，如通过自动应答进行路段上行车查号登 记、对车辆的各种统计等。
本发明采用频闪脉冲灯作用车辆照明灯，其色温一般高达 5500°K 以上，尤其脉冲氙灯，其光谱分布近似于日光，从而可消除因灯光色偏 而引起的视觉疲劳。此外，已有技术中，即使采用卤钨灯，其色温仅在 3500°Κ以下，发光效率仅在 30Lm/W左右，而脉冲氙灯的发光效率可 达 40Lm/W左右。
本发明同样 ¾用于其它交通工具，如船。 本发明中的防眩技术还 可用于激光焊接，只要将昉眩镜中光开关的启、闭占空比互换，便可在 昉止激光伤害眼睛的同时，观察焊接过程和烊接效果。
图 1为本发明装置结构框图。
图 2为本发明装置电原理框图。
图 3为本发明光接收器电路原理图。
图 4为本发明控制器电路原理图。
图 5为微处理机接口电路原理图。
图 6为单灯结构示意囷。
以下通过实施例，结果附图对本发明作进一步描述。
参见图 1 , 本发明利用光接收器接收眩光或脉冲光信号，平衡、滤 波去除背景光以及电、热噪声等干扰，在控制器 2控制下，把有无眩光 的判定输出信号以及已方车灯光所形成的光电脉冲输出到防眩镜 4， 作为其辅助信号。 同时，在存在有外部频闪光脉冲情况下，向控制器 2 输出与该光脉冲前沿对应的周期脉冲信号。
控制器 2不仅控制光接收器 1工作，同时控制着防眩镜 4中光开 关和频闪脉冲灯构成的照明车灯 3的同步工作。控制器 中含一由高 Q无件稳频的振荡器，其输出经计数分频后产生防眩镜 4中光开关的 控制信号，并该信号经一延时^或移相器送往频闪脉沖灯中的触发电 路作为触发控制信号。该延时器或移相器可由通讯控制器 5的编码输 出控制其延时或移相的大小。作为调制无件，同时能协调快触发闪光 的车灯和慢速光开关元件间的时间差或相位差。 控制器由一锁相环接 受光接受器送来的周期光电脉冲， 当有一定强度的频闪脉冲被接受 后，锁相环将镇定光脉冲的前沿，并提供一个与该沿相差 180°相位或 相差其它一固定相位的同步信号给控制器 2中的振荡分频器，利用清 零或预置的方式使之瞬即将闪光和光开关的开启调整到在对方每两次 频闪的中间时刻。当因颠簸、遮档、杂光等干扰使环路失镇时，同步信号 将立即取消，频闪脉沖灯及光开关则将在失锁前已调整好的相位上因 振荡器的高稳定性而继续在一段长时间里保持和对方车灯交镨频闪， 直到重新销定对方频闪光。 锁相环同时完成对外频闪光的锁相解调， 解调输出和一个允许解码的控制信号被一并送到通讯控制器 5中去完 成解码，该允许解码的控制信号可以是锁定指示输出。
通讯控制器 5，将输入器 6送来的指令和欲传送的信息编码，或将 因接收到外信号须要作出应答的信息编码后，输出到控制器 2，由其中 的延时器或移相器完成对光脉沖的调制，在接收信息时，通讯控制器 5 接收到控制器 2送来的解码允许信号后，便对同时送来的已解调信息 码进行识别，即解码处理，并 4!相应结果由输出器 7输出。
照明车灯 3由频闪脉冲灯及其放电储能回路、触发电路构成，触发 电路在接收到控制器 2输出的触发控制信号后， 产生触发信号，使频 闪灯点燃闪光。 放电储能回路使频闪灯放电波形在规定的放电时间内 接近矩形，以便在同样的脉冲功率下限制其峰值功率，维护延长灯的使 用性能和寿命，同时，放电回路保证形成能满足通讯要求的足够陡的光 脉沖前沿。 回路可以是数节 LC电路。 放电储能回路的充、放电均由灯 电流进行，以节约电能，频闪脉冲的触发电路与信号控制器之间可采用 光纤连接，以利于抗干扰。
防眩镜 4由光开关及附属电路构成，在接受到控制器 2发出的周 期控制信号后，其电路便周期地驱动光开关反复启闭。 光开关同时还 可接受光接收器输出的有无眩光的判定信号控制， 当无眩光以及在白 昼时仅作通讯而不需昉眩时，可防止周期工作，保持开启，以延长开关 毫秒:、亚亳秒鈒的光开关、，光接
Figure imgf000006_0001
沿，以便与闪光有效照明时间相一致，其中前沿时刻亦可由控制信号前 沿校准。在频闪灯闪光间隙里，光开启呈关 态，此时光开关呈不透明， 或不完全透明以有效遮挡光为限。
频闪脉沖光的占空比小于 0. 1，脉冲宽度为 0. 1 -2. 5ms频闪周期 为 20_256Hz。
为不使因脉冲闪光的周期熄灭造'成观察时的间断和闪烁感， 闪光 必须以高于人眼视觉融合频率的周期方式进行，该融合频率依视场的 大小以及明暗不同有所不同， 考虑作为车灯时视场中含有运动景物， 故闪光频率逸在 20— 256Hz之间，其上限频率是受闪光和光开关速率 所限。 实际使用中，该频率须为一确定的规范值。
利用光开关做成防眩镜档在使用者眼前方， 只要在每次车灯闪光 时，光开关保持开启，就不会影响观察。 昉眩时既不需车灯因特殊操作 而影响照明效果， 又不会阻档对被照明景物的观察而影响观察效果。 因光开关占空比小缘故，眩光大部分时间不能透过光开光，故最终能进 入人眼的眩光平均功率被大为消弱。
依塔尔博特一普拉陶定律： 由高频闪光融合成的等效稳定光源， 其亮度或光强等于闪光的平均亮度或平均光强。假定频闪周期为 10ms 闪光脉宽 1ms时，为得到 60W的平均车灯功率，要求车灯的闪光脉冲 劝率应为-
60W/( lms/10ms) = 600W
这样的脉沖功率要求对脉沖灯来说是不成问题的。
致于防眩效果，则在于光开关周期开启的时间占空比，即每次开启 时间与开启周期之比。 当眩光通过周期启闭的光开关时，亦被切割成 周期的闪光脉冲，其等效亮度或光强亦可按照塔尔博特一普拉陶定律 而定。 因开启是与闪光同步进行的，其占空比即近似为闪光脉沖的占 空比，仍假定周期 10ms、脉宽 1ms、占空比 0. 1，则前方眩光强度将降低 一个数量鈒，如原迎面车灯为 60W，通过由光开关构成的防眩镜后，^ 被视如 6W。可见闪光脉宽愈窄愈好，但该脉宽是受频闪灯的寿命和峰 劝率所限制的，一般在 0. 3-2. 5ms之间，甚至可做到 0. lms以下。周 期则愈长愈好，但不能低于人眼视觉融合频率，以不产生闪烁感为宜。
当夜间会车时，如双方车辆均为频闪车灯，一旦双方车灯闪光时间 有所重迭，则 ^造成眩目。 对此情况，本实施例中的装置中通过接收器 接收对方频闪光， 并由控制器调节已方车灯闪光与对方同步但保持一 个较大的能避免双方闪光重迭的相位差，通常取最大值 180°。 因各方 光开关在每次对方车灯闪光时均处在关闭状态，故而能较之当杂散光 源为连续光时更为彻底地消除了眩光。本实施例，频闪频率控制是由 一高稳定振荡器产生，并为一规范值，双方中任一方的一次同步，便可 保证在此后的较长时间里不会发生双方重迭闪光。 仍以闪光周期 10ms, 闪光脉宽 lms为例，当频率稳定为 10_5时，一旦失控，因双方频 率飘移而造成闪光脉冲重迭，按最坏情况计算：
(10 X 10— 3/2— 10— 3)/2 X 10— 5 = 200
也需要 200秒的时间。
因脉冲灯的触发过程极快，可达儿十納秒，只要合理逸择脉冲灯放 电回路参数，便可获得极陡的光脉沖前沿。 另外，因车灯频闪是按前述 的高稳定周期进行的，故对应有着严格精确重复的前沿时间，按信息的 编码和数据的格式调节此前沿沿的时间位置，便完成对光脉沖的位置 或相位调制。 具体做法可以是利用数据编码控制一个常数可变的延时 器或移相器来变化脉冲灯的触发控制信号作用时刻或相位。 因为通讯 媒介光是数字脉冲形式的，易于从背景光中区分出来， 并且车灯的脉 冲功率较高，故光通讯联络并不限于在夜间，同样可在白昼进行。
参见附图 2 :
按收眩光或光信号的光接收器由光传感器 1、放大器 2、模拟开关 3、滤波器 4、放大器 5、移相器 6门限比较器 7和与门 8构成。 光传感器接收指定方向上的光信号，变换成电信号后，孥桥式输出 抵消温飘和背景光干扰，由放大器 2放大到适合 CMOS模拟开关处理 的电平值。 当已方车灯闪光时，模拟开关 3将放大器 2输出的信号切 换到昉眩镜 32， 用以将其中光开关开通的后沿与已方车灯闪光产生的 电脉冲后沿对齐。在其它时间里，信号则被切换到滤波器 4和门限比较 器 7，用以检出眩光或通讯光信号。滤波器 4为一高 Q窄帶通开关式滤 波器，其中开关控制信号是由计数器 15对一个晶体振荡信号分频产 生的，所以开关频率为一晶体穗频高精度频率，而且这一频率为车灯闪 光频率的倍频。 所以可以对接收到的帶有午扰噪声的频闪车灯闪光发 生的光电脉冲实行窄带滤波。 这是为了能在确保消除杂散光千扰以及 车子本身的电气噪声和机械振动造成的干扰情况下，输出"纯净"的 频闪光电脉沖。 门限比较^ 7判定是否存在有一定强度的眩光，如否 则门限比较器 7 ^输出禁止信号，封镇与门 8输出，并可停止光开关周 期工作，始终保持开启状态 光电脉冲信号被放大器 5再次放大，但放 大器 5的增益是受滤波器 4检出的光电脉沖幅度控制的， 使在放大 5输入电平变化时，信号仍能在不被削峰的情况下被放大到一规范 值。而后供移相^ 6补偿电路延时后输出键控脉沖串，晶体管 T1 (参见 附图 3)产生反映外频闪光前沿的脉冲经与门 8输出。
附图 2中的锬相环 9、分频^ 10、锁存器 11、12、晶体振荡器 14、计 数器 15、 16、译码门 13、17、移相 H: 18、触发器 19、与门 20、21、发光二 极管 22、23、光纤 24、25构成控制器。 通讯控制器采用微处理机 35，输 入器为输入开关 33，声光显示器 34构成输出器。
锁相环 9用以产生一连续跟踪外来光脉冲前沿相位的，频率为闪 光频率 28倍频的脉沖串，分频器 10则进一步据此脉冲串精细地提供 了外闪脉冲周期间的相位信息。当镇相环 9处于镇定状态时，对应光脉 沖前沿的分频输出被译码门 13译码输出去计数器 16清零，分频器同 时经 D锁存器 11、 12向微处理机 35输出。 被调光脉沖前沿所对应的 周期相位编码的 Q1'、Q2'状态，即提供了解调码。 （见附图 4)。
晶体振荡器 14为计数器 16提供高精度时钟，进行计数分频，计数 ^ 16为一带清除端的循环计数器，其循环周期等于频闪车灯的闪光 周期，如逸定闪光频率为 128Hz，则晶振频率为 32768Hz，计数 ^为 8级 二进制，每逄计数至半周期时刻，计数器 16输出中 Q8— Q3的 "100000"状态将被译码门 17译码输出（参见附图 4)，并被用来控制打 开防眩镜 37中的光开关，经过一个数控的移相器 18去控制触发车灯 闪光，以及切换模拟开关 3。 当会车时， 对方频闪车灯的频闪光将被接 收、锬定，在其脉沖前沿，译码门 13输出清零信号，使计数器 16 Π不经 循环而立刻异步清零。这样，已方车灯的下一次闪光只有在计数器 16 重新计数到半个频闪周期时进行，从而保证了双方车灯频闪相差半个 周期 180。。
移相器 18是用来对闪光脉沖前沿位置进行调节而设， 当不作灯 光通讯时，移相器 18可取消， 而将触发信号直通。 D触发器 19及与 门 20、 21控制使闪光轮番地分别由灯 29和灯 30进行。 在单灯结构 中，可取消 D触发器 19以及一个与门 20。与门 20, 21输出的闪光触发 控制信号中发光二极管 22、23枸成的光纤耦合器转换成光信号经光纤 24、25输出。 计数器 15 分频输出（参见附图 4)Κ1一 5送至滤波器 4 去控制开关转换。
控制器和光电接收器的大部分电路可集成为一或儿块专用电路， 亦可和微处理器一起做成专用处理器。
频闪车灯闪部分由频闪灯 29、30、储能回路 31闪光触发器 28以 及光纤接收耦合器 26 , 27构成。
因频闪灯光需要提供很大的瞬间电流和一个万伏的触发脉沖，故 而这些相应的电路只能就近装置在频闪灯？9、 30的近旁，与控制电路 相距较长，而车上发动机干扰较强，故闪光触发控制信号用光纤传输， 光纤接收耦合器 26、27采用光敏无件，如光敏二极管或光敏三极管。两 只频闪灯 29、30在闪光触发信号控制下轮番对放电储能回路 31进行 充放电，发出强烈闪光，这里，频闪脉沖灯可以是氙灯，或掺有其它元 素的氙灯，闪光有效照明脉宽为 0. 8ms。 最好为 0. 2ms。
防眩镜 32由光开关及其驱动控制电路构成。电路接收到门限比较 器 7送来的眩光控制信号后， 即在译码门 17的输出控制下，启动光开 关周期启闭。 开启后沿与由模拟开关切换过来的已方频闪脉冲光的光 电脉沖后沿一致。'光开关采用三电极液晶光门，其开启速度可达 0. 03ms, 关闭速度为 0. 25ms。亦可采用其它液晶、铁电、高分子膜、压电 静电、干涉或机械式的等电控光开关。 外形可为眼镜，遮光挡板等。 微处理机接受锬存器 11、 12送来的已籽调码。 微处理机配备相应 的软件，在发送信息时，完成编码过程，其编鸪输出送数控移相器 18， 和计数器 16送来的计数状态作"符合"比较后，输出延时移相信号，从 而完成调制工作，这里的调制的方法为四相键控，调制可对每一个脉冲 进行，亦可每间隔若千脉冲进行。
电源变换器 36将车上的原备电源 V0变换成频闪灯参数规定要 求的工作电源 +V1、 一 V2，以及其它各部分电路所用的稳压电源 + V3、±4等。
图 3所示的光接收器中， D1、S2为光敏二极管，一只定向接收前 方眩光另一只感受背景光和温散射光， 与其串联的两只电阻分別用来 平衡 D1和 D2光敏特性曲线。接在 IC5输出回路上的模拟开关的作用 是利用在已方车灯闪光的信号截止期间将输出箝位到零伏。 IC6— 2构 成可再触发单稳， 以适应频闪式眩光时的判别要求。 可控增益放大器 是由 IC7和乘法器 IC8枸成。 D6、7、8和上拉电阻构成与门。
在图 4示出的控制器中， IC20— 2的 D触发器输出为 Q=Q8、 Q7 以供 IC18或非门对 Q8— Q3的" 100000"状态译码。 D10、l l为光纤输出 耦合^的发光管。
图 5所示微处理器构成通讯控制器。
当频闪车灯为单灯结构时，其示意图见附图 6，其中 K为一双刀双 掷开关，可由可控硅、大功率晶体管或大功率场效应管等枸成，其切换 控制由闪光触发控制信号经延时驱动器进行。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于行车时防眩的方法，其特征在于包括下述步骤：
从车灯中发出的闪光占空比为 0. 002— 0. 1的，平均功率符合在灯 照明功率的，频率等于人眼視觉融合频率的频闪脉冲强光作为照明光 源；
由一个挡在驾驶者观察方向上的防眩镜与所述频闪脉沖光配合： 所述昉 Β 镜在所述频闪脉沖光闪光时开启为透明状态， 而在所述频闪 脉冲光闪光的间隙关闭成为不透光或不完全透光状态，从而使驾驶者 可以看到已方车灯的照明，而将大部分外界眩光档掉。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于所述频闪脉冲光的闪 光的占空比小于 0. 05，脉冲宽度为 0. 05 - 0. 4ms，频闪频率为 20 - 256Hz。
3. 一种用于行车时防眩的装置，其特征在于包括：
. 脉冲光源， 用于产生闪光占空比为 0. 002— 0. 1的，平均劝率满足 行车照明所需劝率的，频率高于人眼视觉融合频率的频闪脉冲光作为 照明光源；
昉眩镜，配合从所述脉冲光源发出的脉冲光的周期地闪光与间歇， 作出相应的开启与关闭，从而使驾駛者可以看到所述脉冲光源的照 明，而^大部分外界眩光档掉；
控制电路，控制所述脉沖光源以高于人眼视觉融合频率的频率进 行频闪，以及根据所述脉冲光源的频闪脉沖光的闪光和间歇，控制所述 防眩镜的开启和关闭，从而保 驾驶者可以看到所述脉沖光源的频闪 脉冲光的照明，而将大部分外界眩光档掉。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的装置，其特征在于所述脉冲光源为脉沖 氙灯或掺有其它元素的氙灯。
5. 权利要求 3所述的装置，其特征在于所述控制电路中，对所述 脉冲光源的储能回路的充电或放电都是由灯电流进行的。
6. 根据权利要求 3或 4或 5所述装置，其特征在于所述控制电路 有了接收外来频闪光脉冲的电路:、产生 '同步信号以 1解^脉沖光。 所 较大的，如 180度的相位差。所述对脉冲光的解调是为了利用所述的脉 沖光源的频闪脉冲光进行光通讯。
7. 权利要求 6所述装置，其特征在于所述控制电路中有一采用压 电元件稳频的振荡电路，其振荡输出经计数分频后产生所述脉冲光源 的控制信号，所述计数分频器可由所述同步信号清除或预置。
8. 权利要求 7所述装置，其特征在于所述控制电路中，控制所述 脉沖光源闪光的控制信号在控制闪光前先经过一延时器或移相器，该 延时器或移相器可被一通讯编码来改变延时或移相的大小， 以实现利 用所述脉沖光源所发出的车灯光进行光通讯的功能。
一 】o—
PCT/CN1994/000038 1993-11-02 1994-05-17 Dispositif et procede antieblouissement pour vehicule WO1995012502A1 (fr)

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WO2000024601A1 (en) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-04 Ho Keung Tse Vehicle window transmissivity control
FR2988333A1 (fr) * 2012-03-26 2013-09-27 Valeo Vision Procede et dispositif d'aide a la conduite nocturne des vehicules automobiles
US9897809B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-02-20 Valeo Vision Data-display glasses comprising an anti-glare screen
US9915831B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-03-13 Valeo Vision Adaptive optical filter for spectacle lenses
US10073275B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-09-11 Valeo Vision Anti-glare 3D glasses
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CN102975595A (zh) * 2011-09-03 2013-03-20 李红 一种汽车防眩光方法和装置
CN102745124A (zh) * 2012-07-11 2012-10-24 孙伟 一种防止车辆前照灯眩目的装置和方法
CN102991411B (zh) * 2012-12-14 2016-04-27 贾建华 一种可消除对方灯光影响的汽车前照灯防眩目照明系统

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NL1006156C2 (nl) * 1997-05-29 1998-12-01 Raefshult Verlichtingsinrichting met regelbaar verlichtingspatroon.
WO1998054030A1 (en) * 1997-05-29 1998-12-03 Räfshult A lighting device having a controllable lighting pattern
WO2000024601A1 (en) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-04 Ho Keung Tse Vehicle window transmissivity control
FR2988333A1 (fr) * 2012-03-26 2013-09-27 Valeo Vision Procede et dispositif d'aide a la conduite nocturne des vehicules automobiles
WO2013143998A3 (fr) * 2012-03-26 2014-03-20 Valeo Vision Dispositif d'aide à la conduite nocturne des véhicules automobiles
CN104334382A (zh) * 2012-03-26 2015-02-04 法雷奥照明公司 用于夜间机动车辆驾驶辅助的设备
US9079532B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2015-07-14 Valeo Vision Device for nighttime motor vehicle driving assistance
US9688183B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2017-06-27 Valeo Vision Device for nighttime motor vehicle driving assistance
US9897809B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-02-20 Valeo Vision Data-display glasses comprising an anti-glare screen
US9915831B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-03-13 Valeo Vision Adaptive optical filter for spectacle lenses
US10073275B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-09-11 Valeo Vision Anti-glare 3D glasses
US10195982B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2019-02-05 Valeo Vision Driving assistance method and device
US10254545B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2019-04-09 Valeo Vision Data-display glasses comprising an anti-glare screen

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AU6719694A (en) 1995-05-23
CN1092513A (zh) 1994-09-21

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