WO1995008857A1 - Installation de distribution d'energie electrique protegee contre la formation d'arcs perturbateurs - Google Patents

Installation de distribution d'energie electrique protegee contre la formation d'arcs perturbateurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995008857A1
WO1995008857A1 PCT/DE1994/001077 DE9401077W WO9508857A1 WO 1995008857 A1 WO1995008857 A1 WO 1995008857A1 DE 9401077 W DE9401077 W DE 9401077W WO 9508857 A1 WO9508857 A1 WO 9508857A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensors
hall sensors
short
switching
switchgear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1994/001077
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Herkenrath
Paul Wey
Ferenc Boros
Dietrich Stade
Holger Schau
Original Assignee
Klöckner-Moeller Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19934331992 external-priority patent/DE4331992A1/de
Application filed by Klöckner-Moeller Gmbh filed Critical Klöckner-Moeller Gmbh
Priority to AU76510/94A priority Critical patent/AU680549B2/en
Priority to DE4497032T priority patent/DE4497032D2/de
Publication of WO1995008857A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995008857A1/fr
Priority to NO19951956A priority patent/NO319243B1/no
Priority to FI952460A priority patent/FI116754B/fi
Priority to SE9501883A priority patent/SE514869C2/sv

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/025—Safety arrangements, e.g. in case of excessive pressure or fire due to electrical defect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H02H1/0023—Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0038—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the connection of the detecting means, e.g. for reducing their number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
    • H02H3/023—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order by short-circuiting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switchgear protected against arcing faults according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Arcing arises e.g. in low-voltage switchgear, if a direct electrical connection is made between the conductors or between the conductor and earth without a metallic short circuit, e.g. if the insulation is broken or due to incorrect operation.
  • the live parts of different potential are bridged by a plasma column.
  • the hot gases and glowing particles can cause serious burns.
  • the radiation emanating from the plasma column can lead to flashing.
  • an arc detector device which detects an arc in a switchgear using an optical waveguide sensor.
  • the arc detector extends through several switching cells. With this device, an error message is passed on regardless of the location of the arcing fault.
  • the short-circuiting device In the event of an arcing fault, for example in the first feed, the short-circuiting device is actuated in any case. Although people are reliably protected, it is unacceptable in areas where very high security of supply is important that, for example due to false triggers such as extraneous light coupling or arcing in front of the infeed switch, entire supply areas will have to do without power supply for longer.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a section of a low-voltage switchgear
  • FIG. 1 shows the single-pole circuit diagram of the switchgear shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 11 shows a basic illustration of the device on a busbar arrangement in a low-voltage switchgear
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the device on a busbar arrangement in a low-voltage switchgear
  • FIG. 13 shows a front view of a busbar arrangement with feeder rails and Hall sensors
  • FIG. 14 is a side view of the busbar assembly shown in FIG. 3;
  • 16 is an illustration of a busbar arrangement with outlet rails and further Hall sensors
  • FIG. 17 shows a side view of the busbar arrangement shown in FIG. 6 and
  • Fig. 20 shows a third example of the arrangement of the optical waveguide on three busbars
  • Fig. 21 shows an arrangement example of the optical waveguide on three busbars and busbars connected vertically
  • FIG. 22 shows another arrangement example of the optical waveguide on three busbars and busbars connected vertically thereto.
  • the switchgear 1 consists of a first feed A, a second feed B and a reserve feed R, as the associated circuit diagram shows.
  • a reserve transformer is arranged behind the reserve feed, which takes over the supply if one of the two feeds A or B fails by switching on a tie switch.
  • the switchgear 1 consists of three busbar sections SSA, SSR and SSB, each of which can be fed by a feed switch EA, ER and EB.
  • the busbar sections SSA and SSR as well as SSR and SSB are connected to each other by tie switches KA and KB.
  • a first outgoing switch AA is connected to the busbar section SSA, although of course there can also be several outlets or outgoing switches, e.g. for feeding in several heaters.
  • a second tap-off switch AB is connected to the second busbar section SSB, e.g. for feeding a sub-distributor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of four cabinets 11 to 14 of switchgear 1, FIGS. 3 and 4 showing further representations of these four cabinets 11 to 14.
  • the first cabinet 11 has the first outgoing switch AA.
  • the first feed switch EA and a short-circuiter, which will be explained in more detail later, are arranged in the second cabinet 12.
  • the third cabinet 13 contains the tie switch KA and the fourth cabinet the feed switch ER of the reserve feed R.
  • the current busbars of the feed-in A extend in the upper region at least over the first three cabinets 11 to 13. Further outgoing switches can be arranged to the left of this if these current busbars are extended to the left, as by the dashed lines is indicated.
  • the busbars of the reserve feed R are arranged in the central area and in the third and fourth cabinets 13, 14 and to the right of these cabinets.
  • the switchgear is equipped with Hall sensors and fiber optic sensors to detect an arcing fault. The detailed operation of the sensors will be explained later.
  • the fiber optic sensors are used for global arcing detection (at least in the same function room regardless of location), i.e. indicate that an arcing fault has occurred while the Hall sensors recognize the exact location of the arcing fault.
  • the internal arc detection can take place for one control panel.
  • a total of up to eight Hall sensors are fed to detection electronics through shielded signal lines.
  • the connection is made via a 25-pin D-Sub socket or plug 16, which is directly on a printed circuit board 17 is applied, the circuit board 17 in a grounded
  • Distribution rails is arranged.
  • one or more fiber optic loops are arranged in the control panel in a control panel and logically "OR" linked.
  • the Hall sensors are "OR" linked in parallel for each arrangement location in groups of two to three Hall sensors, which takes place in the detection electronics, the Hall sensors being able to be arranged, for example, in the space between second conductors or busbars and between busbars and grounded system parts.
  • a control panel In different functional areas of a control panel, such as a distribution rail area, equipment room or connection area, there are up to eight locations. For example, one or two groups of Hall sensors can be arranged in up to 3 busbar compartments. One or two groups of Hall sensors can then be arranged in up to two equipment rooms. A group of Hall sensors can be present in a connection room.
  • the FO sum signal with the signals from the Hall sensors is individually logically "AND” linked so that different switching and protection devices, such as short-circuiters, circuit breakers, feed switches and tie switches, can be addressed.
  • a sum signal can be obtained from an "OR” combination of the fiber optic sensors with a sum signal from an “OR” combination of the Hall sensors.
  • the optical transmitters, receivers and amplifiers for the optical fibers are integrated in the detection electronics.
  • the logic function for linking the sensors and the output signals for the protection and switching devices are implemented, for example, with GALs, PALs or EPROMS and can be changed by reprogramming.
  • the output signals for the protection and switching devices are provided by galvanically isolated semiconductor relays and applied to a 9-pin SUB-D socket 20.
  • the detection electronics in which the logical combination of the sensor signals is integrated, controls the corresponding interfaces of the switching and protection devices, i.e. by means of the 9-pin D-sub connector 20.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show, in the first two cabinets 11 and 12 a total of 8 groups of Hall sensors H1 to H8 are arranged in the most varied of functional spaces, a group of two Hall sensors being formed.
  • the individual functional rooms are separated from one another in a known manner by bulkheads and the like.
  • two groups of Hall sensors H1 and H2 are arranged between the horizontal current busbars only for detecting an arcing fault in this area.
  • a third and a fourth group of Hall sensors H3 and H4 are arranged in the equipment compartment of the first cabinet 11 in the region of the vertical connecting rails, the third group Hall sensors H3 in the region of the vertical connecting rails and the fourth group H4 is arranged in the region of the vertical outgoing rails, ie in front of and behind the outgoing switch AA.
  • connection space of the first cabinet 11 is equipped with a fifth group of Hall sensors H5 in the region of the vertical outlet rails or in the region of the horizontal outlet rails.
  • a sixth and a seventh group of Hall sensors H6 and H7 are also arranged in the equipment room of the second cabinet 12, these being arranged in front of and behind the feed switch EA.
  • An eighth group of Hall sensors H8 is present in the connection space which is used for the feed.
  • these groups of Hall sensors H1 to H8 are connected to common detection electronics, which can be arranged in one of the two cabinets 11 or 12.
  • the first fiber optic sensor L 1 is arranged in the area of the distribution rail space of the cabinets 11 and 12 parallel to the busbars.
  • the second fiber optic sensor L2 extends across both equipment compartments of the cabinets 11 and 12 transversely to the outgoing feed and connecting rails.
  • the third fiber optic sensor L3 runs over the connection spaces of the cabinets 11 and 12.
  • other cabinets can be equipped with sensors that are assigned to further detection electronics.
  • the outgoing switch AA shown in FIG. 3 is a circuit breaker in a known manner, which has a switch-off time of 15 ms, for example.
  • the feed switch EA shown there is also a circuit breaker with a switch-off time of 30 ms.
  • the short-circuiter KS causes a metallic short-circuit in at least less than 5 ms.
  • the times for the detection and processing of an arcing fault are short compared to the switch-off times of the switching devices, at least less than 5 ms.
  • the switchgear is connected to a network.
  • the network should have such a high short-circuit power that an arcing fault must be switched off in no more than 20 ms, so that neither parts of the system can be damaged nor can people in the vicinity be injured.
  • the sensors are linked in such a way that different devices are triggered depending on the location of the arcing fault, that is to say the cabinet, functional space and current-carrying parts, such as connection rails and outlet rails on the network side.
  • a sum signal is formed from the output signals of the individual fiber optic sensors L1, L2, L3 by an OR operation, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • This sum signal is logically “AND” linked to the output signals of the Hall sensor groups H1 to H8, the paired Hall sensors Hla, Hlb, which form a group, being logically “OR” linked.
  • the sum signals XI to X8 of the combination of fiber optic and Hall sensors are, as shown in FIG. 7, linked to the different switching and protective devices as follows.
  • the control signal of the short-circuiting device KS arranged in the low-voltage switchgear assembly is formed by an OR operation of the signals XI to X3 and X6.
  • the control signal of the feed switch EA arranged in the low-voltage switchgear assembly is also formed by an OR combination of the signals XI to X3 and X6.
  • the control signal of the outgoing switch EA arranged in the low-voltage switchgear assembly is formed by an OR combination of the signals X4 and X5.
  • the control signal of the tie switch KS arranged in the low-voltage switchgear assembly is formed by an OR operation of the signals X7 and X8.
  • the control signal of the medium-voltage switch MS-LS arranged outside the low-voltage switchgear is also formed by an OR operation of the signals X7 and X8.
  • the control signal of the medium-voltage short-circuiting device MS-KS arranged outside the low-voltage switchgear is also formed by an OR operation of the signals X7 and X8.
  • the first case represents an arc fault LBS in the busbar area, as indicated in FIG. 1, for example in the busbar area between two current busbars in FIG one of the two cabinets 11 or 12 (addressing the Hall sensors Hl or H2 and fiber optic sensor Ll), in the equipment room between the mains-side connection rails of the outgoing switch AA (addressing the Hall sensors H3 and fiber optic sensor L2) or in the equipment room between those connected to the busbars Connection rails of the feed switch EA (response of the Hall sensors H6 and the fiber optic sensor L2).
  • arc fault LBS in the busbar area, as indicated in FIG. 1, for example in the busbar area between two current busbars in FIG one of the two cabinets 11 or 12 (addressing the Hall sensors Hl or H2 and fiber optic sensor Ll), in the equipment room between the mains-side connection rails of the outgoing switch AA (addressing the Hall sensors H3 and fiber optic sensor L2) or in the equipment room between those connected to the busbars Connection rails of the feed switch EA (respon
  • a sum signal is generated by one of the fiber optic sensors L1 or L2, which is AND-linked to a Hall sensor signal of one of the Hall sensors H1, H2, H3, H6, the short-circuiting device KS then being actuated and the feed switch EA being switched off.
  • the arcing fault is extinguished in less than 5 ms, the short-circuit current being interrupted in 30 ms by the feed switch EA.
  • an arcing fault LBA occurs in the outgoing area of the outgoing switch AA, the arcing fault either in the equipment room of the outgoing switch AA (response of the Hall sensor H4 and the fiber optic sensor L2) or in the connection space of the first cabinet 11 (response of the Hall sensor H5 and the fiber optic cable Sensor L3).
  • a switch-off pulse is passed on to outgoer switch AA, which extinguishes the arcing fault in 15 ms, i.e. below the permissible 20 ms.
  • an arcing fault LBE occurs in the grid-side area of the feed switch, e.g. in the terminal compartment of the second cabinet 12 (response of the Ha11 sensor H8 and the fiber optic sensor L3) or in the equipment compartment of the feed switch EA (response of the Hall sensor H7 and the 3 fiber optic sensor L2).
  • an upstream switching device and a further short-circuiting device are actuated, for example a medium-voltage switch MS-LS and a downstream short-circuiting device MS-KS on the medium-voltage side, which are shown in FIG. 4.
  • the short-circuiter MS-KS extinguishes the arcing fault after 5 ms.
  • the metallic short circuit generated by this short-circuiter is then switched off by the medium-voltage switch MS-LS.
  • the coupling switch KA is then switched on by the detection electronics so that the consumers connected to the busbar sections SSA can continue to be supplied by the reserve feed R, that is to say without, for example, interrupting manufacturing processes in the chemical industry.
  • a control signal can alternatively be passed on to the short-circuiting device KS and the feed switch EA, possibly also to the outgoing switch AA.
  • only one control signal can alternatively be passed on to the medium-voltage switch MS-LS or additionally or exclusively to the short-circuiting device KS.
  • Fig. 8 shows a section of a low-voltage switchgear assembly, which consists of switch cells, arranged in the cells Microcontrollers C, fiber optic and Hall sensors connected to the microcontrollers, switching or protective devices, such as circuit breakers LS and short-circuiters KS, which are connected directly to the microcontrollers or to a central unit by control lines, the individual microcontrollers and the central unit being connected by an optical data line, which is shown as a dashed line.
  • the error that has occurred is detected in each switching cell and transmitted to the central processing unit without a decision about the switching operations to be carried out.
  • a decision is made in the central unit about the switching operations to be carried out.
  • the signal transmission will take place via an optical data line.
  • FIG. 9 shows a section of a low-voltage switchgear with decentralized triggering of the switching devices.
  • the individual switch cells each have a logic unit with semiconductor relays and sensors connected to this logic unit.
  • the individual logic units and the switching devices are connected by a control line SL.
  • a trigger signal for the corresponding switchgear is generated directly from the detected fault depending on the fault location.
  • This signal is given by a semiconductor relay HR on the control line and can thus actuate a corresponding trigger in the switching device to be addressed.
  • 10 shows the short-circuiting device KS, which can be implemented in a known manner.
  • the Hall sensors H1 to H8 are to be explained in more detail below, reference numerals being provided with a superscript.
  • two Hall sensors 1 are arranged in the busbar compartment 2 'of a low-voltage switchgear between the busbars 3 1 .
  • the signal generated by the Hall sensors 1 1 is fed to an evaluation circuit 4 ', which is not explained in more detail here, which processes the signal and, in the event of an arcing fault or another transverse fault perpendicular to the busbars 3', controls a selectively operating switching or protection device 5 1 , which operates by Fast contact opening reduces the duration of the arcing fault.
  • the Hall sensors l 1 are o nipolar, digital Hall sensors l 1 , which change their switching state when a magnetic field is parallel to the Sensor surface comes into the effective range of the sensors.
  • the Hall sensors l 1 change their switching state regardless of the direction of the magnetic field acting on them (north-south or south-north direction). If, for example, the Hall sensors switch on in the case of a magnetic field in the north-south direction, if the magnetic switch-on flux density falls below, for example with the aid of a magnetic field in the south-north direction, the Hall sensors 1 ′′ are returned to their initial state Hall signal.
  • the Hall sensors 1 ′ are arranged with their surface parallel and at a distance d of a few centimeters, preferably three centimeters, from the busbars 3 1 .
  • the Hall sensors 1 1 are arranged in such a way that they only change their switching state when a magnetic field runs parallel to the YZ plane of the coordinate system shown in FIG. 12.
  • Short-circuit currents in the busbars should not be detected by the arc detector.
  • the short-circuit current denoted by Ik in the uppermost current busbar 3 'generates a magnetic field which extends in the effective range of the Hall sensor and in the Y and X directions, but does not cause an output signal.
  • FIG. 13 shows the arrangement of the Hall sensors S1, S2 for detecting an arcing fault on the horizontally arranged main busbars 6 ', without the operating current being vertical arranged outgoing rails 7 1 generates a Hall signal, the Hall sensors are only indicated.
  • Each of the two Hall sensors S1, S2 is attached within the distance h1, i.e. between the busbars, so that their long sides are positioned simultaneously within the distance or width bl of the outgoing rails 7 ', the distance bl being the busbar thickness of the outgoing rails 7 * corresponds, as is shown from the detail representation Z in FIG. 14, and furthermore the longitudinal side of the Hall sensors S1, S2 corresponds to the working direction.
  • the distance 1 between the outlet rail and the Hall sensor S1 or S2 should be as small as possible. This positioning ensures that the magnetic field built up by the operating current in a vertical busbar system penetrates vertically through the Hall sensor S1 or S2 and thus does not lead to the generation of a Hall signal. At the same time, the magnetic field, which is built up by the operating current through the horizontal busbar system, also penetrates the sensor surface essentially vertically.
  • the tangential magnetic field component which acts parallel to the sensor surface, runs perpendicular to the working direction of the sensor and, for this reason, cannot initiate a Hall signal generation.
  • Hall sensors S3 and S4 are arranged analogously to Hall sensors S1, S2 between the outgoing rails 7 1 , as shown in FIG. 17.
  • the fiber optic sensors L1 to L8 are to be explained in more detail below, reference numerals relating to this being provided with a double superscript.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 18 to 22 is arranged in each case for monitoring an arcing fault in the busbar compartment of a low-voltage switchgear system which is at risk of an arcing fault.
  • the device 1 * • consists of an optical waveguide 2 '*, an electronic circuit 3''with a light-emitting diode with a constant light beam of a certain wavelength at the beginning of the optical waveguide l 1 ' and a receiver at the end of the optical waveguide 1 ' • .
  • This light beam is used to monitor the protective device. Faults that can be avoided in this way are the drift of components and the mechanical damage to the optical waveguide. If an arcing fault develops in the busbar area, its light is coupled into the optical waveguide through its sheathing. This additionally coupled light leads to an increase in the light level received by an evaluation circuit.
  • the electronic circuit 3 ′′ generates a light level proportional voltage.
  • a signal is generated which can be used by a selectively operating protective device 4 '* to switch off the part of the switchgear system which has been damaged by an arc fault or by another suitable device.
  • the evaluation circuit is in a location that is not at risk of an arc fault.
  • the optical waveguide 2 ′′ consists of a gradient fiber with a core of approximately 0.06 mm, a jacket of approximately 0.12 mm and a second jacket or primary protection consisting of a colored acrylate with a diameter of approximately 0.25 mm with a green one or blue coloring.
  • the optical waveguide 2 ′′ has favorable properties both from the point of view of light coupling through arcing faults and in terms of insensitivity to extraneous light.
  • the mechanical strength and required bending radii are also achieved.
  • the optical attenuation of the optical fiber is 3 to 4 Db / km at 850nm or 0.5 to 1.5 Db / km at 1300nm.
  • the optical waveguide with a green cladding is therefore preferably to be used in the range of small currents, while the optical waveguide with a blue coating is useful for larger currents.
  • the fiber-optic cable with the blue sheathing should preferably be used due to the larger short-circuit power available and the associated large fault currents.
  • the protection technology must work very reliably in main distributors, because a false triggering can have serious consequences for connected devices.
  • the blue cladding which is less susceptible to faults, is to be preferred here because there is less chance of false tripping and sufficient radiation power is always available in the event of arc faults.
  • optical fibers with a colored sheathing which was previously only used to distinguish them from other optical fibers in the signal transmission, means that additional filters are not required.
  • the detection circuit In order to ensure a high level of system safety, the detection circuit must function reliably. It must be ensured that the detection device responds reliably with the smallest arcing powers and nevertheless a sufficient interference level useful level is maintained. Incorrect triggering when the distance between the interference level and the useful level is too small can switch off important consumers and failure to respond when the distance between the interference level and the useful level is too large can destroy the system.
  • the maximum interference level in this exemplary embodiment is at least 30 percent but at most 50 percent of the useful level.
  • a further increase in the level of disturbance increases the security against stray light, but at the same time the detection of arcing is made more difficult because the switching threshold may no longer be reached.
  • the acquisition times become longer, so that an acquisition in the range of a few milliseconds is no longer achieved.
  • the optical waveguide is arranged at a distance of approximately 50 mm from the busbars. Both above and below the busbar system this has approximately the same distance on. The distance can be reduced. However, the optical fiber should not be placed directly on the busbars because the shadowing effect of the busbars is greatest there.
  • optical waveguide it is also advantageous to arrange the optical waveguide at a distance that corresponds to the busbar distance.
  • Fig. 18 shows an arrangement with three busbars 5 ", 6 '* and 7" and an optical waveguide 2' •, which is arranged perpendicular to these and is wound around all three busbars 5 1 ', 6' * and 7 11 If an arcing arises between two busbars, this can be regarded as a linear radiation source.
  • the optical waveguide 2 '* is then parallel to the arcing.
  • the radiation is radially symmetrical and hits the optical waveguide at straight or slightly curved locations
  • the incident light is injected as a result of microscopic curvatures of the optical waveguide axis.
  • the radiation at the radiation maximum that strikes the outer surface of the optical waveguide is high in comparison to the extraneous light by this arrangement, so that already in the development phase of the arcing fault, ie in the range of less than 5 ms Detection is carried out by the filter effect of the Um this behavior will be even more favorable.
  • the radii of the bends of the optical waveguide are relatively large here and in the next examples in the area of light coupling, for example larger than 40 mm, so that the extraneous light is coupled in more difficultly.
  • the optical waveguide 2 11 can also, as shown in FIG. 19, be wound several times around each current bus bar 5 and also be arranged over the full length or over substantial parts thereof. An arcing fault is then always very close to the optical waveguide, so that enough light is coupled in at an early stage and a particularly fast one Detection is possible. Although there is an increased risk here that the optical waveguide is destroyed in the event of an arcing fault, this takes place after the detection.
  • FIG. 20 Another arrangement of the optical waveguide is shown in FIG. 20.
  • the optical waveguide is arranged in a meandering fashion in front of the busbars.
  • An arrangement behind the busbars is also possible.
  • the optical waveguide 2 ' 1 extends over wide areas parallel to the current busbars at approximately the same distance, so that a large detection area is reliably detected with a relatively small optical waveguide length.
  • connection rails as shown in FIG. 21, or also field busbars, the same optical waveguide can also be wound around these vertical rails.
  • FIG. 22 An arrangement is shown in which the optical waveguide 2 ′ * can also be wound between current taps. In this area, an arc is most likely to occur.
  • each functional space such as the rail space, the equipment space and the connection space, can be provided with a separate optical waveguide.
  • the arrangement of the optical waveguide can take place on bulkhead plates and other flat system parts present near the busbar, with the optical waveguide being fastened by On live or by gluing or by fasteners, such as eyelets or spacers, can be done.
  • busbar brackets can be used for fastening, for example on brackets as shown and described in DE-PS 40 13 312.
  • the optical fiber can then be passed through holes provided for this purpose.
  • the optical waveguide is arranged centrally along the current busbars in the space between the bars.
  • the optical waveguide is transverse to the conductor rails, as a loop or helical, e.g. on a bulkhead plate.
  • longitudinal installation is advantageous.
  • optical waveguide is advantageously arranged in the immediate vicinity or around live parts, whereby direct contact with the live parts or an adjacent arrangement is not excluded, that is to say is also to be understood by the term "in close proximity".
  • the Hall sensors in these examples are sensors that react to magnetic fields and, unlike magnet-sensitive sensors such as current and voltage transformers, are current and voltage independent.
  • control cabinet housings made of sheet metal or metal provide a barrier for external magnetic fields that could otherwise be coupled into the Hall sensors.
  • the Hall sensor is protected with epoxy resin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

Il peut se produire, dans des installations de distribution de courant, des arcs perturbateurs qui sont dangereux pour les individus et qui endommagent les installations concernées. Les systèmes de sécurité connus ne permettent pas de détecter rapidement et de manière fiable la formation d'un arc, de l'éteindre en 2 à 3 ms et d'effectuer une protection sélective. Cette nouvelle installation de distribution de courant, qui comprend des détecteurs à effet Hall et des détecteurs à fibres optiques et un élément de mise en court-circuit (KS), permet de remédier à ces insuffisances. Les détecteurs sont connectés à une unité commune d'évaluation et de commande où ils sont combinés de manière logique. L'unité d'évaluation et de commande pilote des opérations de commutation des appareils de distribution et de protection situés dans les bâtis d'appareils.
PCT/DE1994/001077 1993-09-21 1994-09-17 Installation de distribution d'energie electrique protegee contre la formation d'arcs perturbateurs WO1995008857A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU76510/94A AU680549B2 (en) 1993-09-21 1994-09-17 Switching installation for distributing electric power protected against arc interference
DE4497032T DE4497032D2 (de) 1993-09-21 1994-09-17 Gegen Störlichtbögen gesicherte Schaltanlage zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie
NO19951956A NO319243B1 (no) 1993-09-21 1995-05-18 Koblingsinstallasjoner for fordeling av elektrisk effekt beskyttet mot lysbueinterferens
FI952460A FI116754B (fi) 1993-09-21 1995-05-19 Häiriövalokaarilta suojattu kytkentälaitteisto sähköenergian jakamiseksi
SE9501883A SE514869C2 (sv) 1993-09-21 1995-05-19 Mot störljusbågar säkrat ställverk för fördelning av elektrisk energi

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934331992 DE4331992A1 (de) 1993-09-21 1993-09-21 Gegen Störlichtbögen gesicherte zellenartige Schaltanlage zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie
DEP4331992.0 1993-09-21

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WO1995008857A1 true WO1995008857A1 (fr) 1995-03-30

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PCT/DE1994/001077 WO1995008857A1 (fr) 1993-09-21 1994-09-17 Installation de distribution d'energie electrique protegee contre la formation d'arcs perturbateurs

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US (1) US5650902A (fr)
AU (1) AU680549B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE4345170A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI116754B (fr)
SE (1) SE514869C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995008857A1 (fr)

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US6229680B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2001-05-08 Eaton Corporation Apparatus and method for optically detecting arcing faults in electric power systems in the presence of other light sources
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US6693438B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2004-02-17 Eaton Corporation Self-powered apparatus and method for optically detecting arcing faults in electric power systems in the presence of other light sources
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE514869C2 (sv) 2001-05-07
AU680549B2 (en) 1997-07-31
FI952460A (fi) 1995-05-19
US5650902A (en) 1997-07-22
SE9501883D0 (sv) 1995-05-19
FI116754B (fi) 2006-02-15
DE4345170A1 (de) 1995-03-23
SE9501883L (sv) 1995-05-19
AU7651094A (en) 1995-04-10
FI952460A0 (fi) 1995-05-19
DE4497032D2 (de) 1996-09-26

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