Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for representing the operating state of a turbine during a starting process. It further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
• the starting process of a turbine is usually composed of different speed increase and waiting times.
• the increase in speed over time until the operating speed is reached depends in particular on turbine-specific parameters and on the thermal condition of the turbine.
• the starting process is set manually by the operating personnel chronologically monitoring the speed increase and waiting times specified by the turbine manufacturer.
• the specified waiting times are shortened or lengthened and the turbine is subjected to an unnecessary load or the starting process is lengthened unnecessarily.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method with which a suitable representation of the operating state of the turbine during the starting process is possible.
• this object is achieved according to the invention in that the time profile of the turbine speed is mapped in addition to a reference profile, which is based on turbine-specific parameters and operationally relevant parameters Parameters are determined, a starting characteristic derived from the turbine-specific parameters being determined as a reference course, which is determined on the basis of the operationally relevant parameters from a number of stored starting characteristics.
• the reference curve represents the functional dependence of the temporal change in the turbine speed on the turbine-specific parameters and the operationally relevant parameters derived from measured values.
• Each starting characteristic is expediently characterized by a value for the downtime of the turbine and by a value for the turbine temperature. Therefore, the turbine temperature and the downtime of the turbine are advantageously recorded as operationally relevant parameters.
• the downtime is derived from the turbine speed by recording the time that has passed since the turbine has come to a standstill or has come to an approximate standstill.
• process- or system-related parameters are specified manually or by means of a logic.
• critical values of a unit driven by the turbine e.g. of an air compressor, safely avoided.
• the time curve of the turbine speed shown is expediently stored at the same time.
• the storage process lies between a start signal and a stop signal which is emitted when the turbine reaches an idling or operating speed.
• the object is achieved according to the invention by a display device which is connected to a first memory for generating a turbine-specific Fish characteristics and from operationally relevant parameters determined temporal reference curve of the turbine speed and with a second memory for generating the current temporal curve of the turbine speed.
• a memory is provided for a number of start-up characteristic curves which characterize the turbine-specific parameters, each of which has an identifier for a specific idle time and a specific turbine temperature.
• the figure shows the turbine 2 on a shaft 4, via which an assembly 6, e.g. a generator or an air compressor is driven.
• a working medium AM is supplied to the turbine 2 via a valve 8, which is wholly or partially expanded in the turbine and thereby drives the turbine 2.
• the working medium AM flows out of the turbine 2 via an outflow line 10.
• the turbine 2 is a steam or gas turbine.
• a first sensor 12 for measuring the turbine speed n and a second sensor 14 for measuring the turbine temperature T are provided to detect operational parameters of the turbine 2.
• the sensors 12 and 14 each emit a signal line 16 or 18, via which signals corresponding to the turbine speed n and the turbine temperature T are fed to a device 20, shown in broken lines, for processing and processing the measured values.
• the temperature T is expediently measured on the turbine housing.
• the device 20 comprises a converter 22 connected to the signal line 16 and a converter 24 connected to the signal line 18 Limit value monitoring of the turbine speed n forms a signal k s which is characteristic of the rotating state of the turbine 2. This indicates whether the turbine 2 is at a standstill or approximately at a standstill.
• the signal k s is forwarded to a time module 26 connected downstream of the converter 22. When the signal k s arrives, the time module 26 is started. This forms a time factor k z from the signal k s , which informs a first arithmetic unit 28 of the period of time that has passed since the standstill signal k s arrived.
• the position of a quick-closing valve of the actuator 8 is additionally queried in the form of a feedback signal s. If the actuator 8 is closed, there is a corresponding feedback s to the computing unit 28. If the converter 22 simultaneously detects that the turbine speed n falls below the limit value and generates a signal k ⁇ , the time factor k z is used to determine the load ⁇ beginning of the standstill period, at which the turbine speed n is zero.
• the temperature factor k> is forwarded to the computing unit 28.
• the computing unit 28 is supplied with an adjustable process factor k p via an operating element 30 which is derived from the process criteria.
• the arithmetic unit 28 determines a reference course RV for a starting process of the turbine 2 from the factors kr, k z and k p and from turbine-specific parameters stored in a memory 32.
• the memory 32 contains a number of starting characteristics A n , of which each starting characteristic curve A n is provided with an identifier for a downtime t n and a turbine temperature T n .
• Some typical starting characteristic curves A n with their time-dependent setpoint or reference speed curve are illustrated in a diagram 33.
• Each starting curve A n are turbine-specific
• the start-up characteristic line A n with the longer waiting times w and / or flatter speed increase gradient m is used as the reference curve RV certainly.
• the process factor k p also takes into account the case where the unit 6 driven by the turbine 2 requires longer waiting times w or flatter speed increase gradients m compared to the turbine 2. In this case, too, a starting characteristic curve A n _ ⁇ which takes into account the turbine 2 alone, the next flatter starting characteristic curve A n is determined. This avoids unnecessary loads on the turbine 2 and / or the unit 6.
• the reference curve RV determined by means of the factors kr, k z and k p is forwarded via a signal line 34 to a display device 36 and is shown there in a coordinate field 38.
• the abscissa forms the time axis denoted by t and the ordinate the speed axis denoted by n.
• the signal k s and the speed n in a converter 39 generates a start signal k a .
• This is forwarded to a second computing unit 40.
• a signal from a turbine controller (not shown) can also be used to form the start signal k a .
• the starting signal k a is used in the computing unit
• the memory content of the computing units 28 and 40 can be called up in curve form RV, AV via the display device 36. Any start-up process of the turbine 2 can thus be called up at any time by displaying the reference course RV and the current time course AV, so that a direct comparison between the actual speed course AV is made both during a current start-up process and during a later check and the reference course RV is possible during the startup process of the turbine 2.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Control Of Turbines (AREA)
• Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6498220

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 1993
  • 1993-09-21 DE DE4332078A patent/DE4332078A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1994
  • 1994-09-09 CA CA002172254A patent/CA2172254C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-09-09 KR KR1019960701408A patent/KR100363072B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-09-09 WO PCT/DE1994/001039 patent/WO1995008700A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1994-09-09 ES ES94926772T patent/ES2115972T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-09-09 AT AT94926772T patent/ATE165423T1/de active
  • 1994-09-09 JP JP50947995A patent/JP3784406B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-09-09 DE DE59405807T patent/DE59405807D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-09-09 EP EP94926772A patent/EP0721541B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-09-09 CN CN94193471A patent/CN1057815C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-09-09 AU AU76507/94A patent/AU679563B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-09-15 TW TW083108534A patent/TW264520B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1996
  • 1996-03-21 US US08/619,088 patent/US5807069A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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