Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/07—Tetrapeptides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
  • C12N2740/00011—Details
  • C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
  • C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
  • C12N2740/16111—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV concerning HIV env
  • C12N2740/16122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the treatment or prevention of eczema/dermatitis.
• Eczema is a term that is widely, but often not consistently, used for a number of related skin complaints. Essentially, it is a reaction of the skin to a wide range of stimulants and irritants, some of which are known but many of which are unknown.
• the two classical criteria of the eruption in eczema are that it itches and that it causes vesication, or blistering, of the skin. Its first manifestation is often erythema. The next stage is usually the formation of vesicles or papules; these gradually break down and there is oozing from the affected area of the skin. If the condition persists, the skin may become thickened and to start scaling off.
• Nummular eczema (or discoid eczema) consists of coin-shaped areas of eczema on the limbs which tend to itch intensely.
• Infective eczema is a form of eczema which can appear suddenly and spread rapidly in the area of a burn or cut.
• Atopic eczema is one of the most widespread and worrying forms of eczema; it often starts in infancy, at which stage its effects are particularly distressing, all the more so as the outlook for a cure is poor and the only effective local treatment is the application of hydrocortisone.
• Eczema may be clearly contrasted with psoriasis.
• Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder of unknown aetiology. It results from the overproduction of skin cells leading to thickening of the skin and scaling. Silvery plaques occur most frequently on the scalp. elbows, knees and lower back. In some instances the disease is so mild that persons never know they have it. At its worst, the disease can cover the entire body with redness and scaling. Corticosteroid therapy, therefore, is to date the most successful remedial treatment for eczema. However, steroid chemotherapy is not without its drawbacks and hazards. Goodman and Gilman state, in "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics", Seventh Edition, 1985:
• the original peptide has its basic point of origin in the octapeptide Ala-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr. It is called Peptide T because 50% of the amino acid residues are threonine.
• the present invention consists in a method of treating or preventing eczema in a subject comprising administering to the subject therapeutic amount of a linear or cyclic peptide of General Formula 1:
• B is Ala, Gly, Val, Ser, Thr or absent
• C is Ser, Thr or absent
• D is Ser, Thr, Asn, Glu, Arg, lie. Leu or absent
• E is Ser, Thr, Asp or absent
• F is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Gin, Lys, Trp or absent
• G is Tyr, Phe, Trp, Leu, Met, lie or absent,
• H is Thr, Arg, Gly, Met, Met(O), Cys, Thr, Gly or absent,
• I is Cys or absent
• II is Cys or absent, at least one of the amino acids optionally being substituted by a monomeric or polymeric carbohydrate or derivative thereof, such substitution being accomplished through hydroxyl and/or amino and/or amido groups of the amino acids, and wherein the peptide comprises at least four amino acid residues, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Each of the amino acids referred to in General Formula 1 may be in the L- or D- stereoisomeric configuration and candidates for H may be esterified or amidated.
• the peptide comprises at least 4 amino acids.
• Tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa- and non-peptides useful in the invention are all of the peptides chosen from the sequence: I-A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-II by deleting residues, for example, one at a time, from either the carboxyl or amino terminal, or from within the sequence. It is appreciated that peptides having the core sequence of Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr- may have at both ends additional amino acid residues, some of which are represented by General Formula 2:
• X-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Y (General Formula 2) wherein X is an amino acid terminal residue selected from Ala and D-Ala and Y is a carboxy terminal residue selected from Thr and Thr-amide.
• a particular preferred peptide of the group of peptides has the aforementioned core sequence of -Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr- .
• General Formula 2 and in particular a variant Peptide T of the formula -Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-, were found to be very useful in inhibiting binding of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to human cells by blocking receptor sites on the cell surfaces.
• Peptide T is used throughout the specification to reference, unless the context otherwise requires peptides of General Formula 2 which all include the core peptide sequence.
• Peptide T encompass all of the compounds of General Formula 2 where it is understood that all such compounds are variants of the normally understood octapeptide T, also referred to as prototype Peptide T, of the particular formula D-Ala-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr- amide.
• the invention may be useful in both clinical (human) and veterinary medicine.
• the invention therefore has application in a method for treating or preventing Eczema, the method comprising administering to a human or other animal subject, for example on a repeated basis, a peptide of General Formula 1.
• the peptide will generally be administered in an effective, non-toxic amount or in such an amount that strikes an acceptable balance between efficacy and toxicity, having regard to the circumstances of the case.
• Preferred peptides useful in the invention have as their active portion, an amino acid sequence of the formula:
• peptides useful in the invention are the following:
• the amino terminal amino acid as a D-steroisomer
• the carboxy terminal amino acid may be an amino acid amide to protect the molecule from degradation from carboxypeptidases.
• compounds 5, 6 and 7 listed above include analogues with D-Thr as the amino terminal residue and/or an amide derivative at the carboxy terminal.
• amino acids in the peptides may be substituted N-alkyl (eg (C,-C.) alkyl) amino acids instead of primary amino acids; examples include methyl and ethyl.
• the hydroxyl group side chains of one or more of the amino acids may be derivatised into an ether or ester group.
• any (optionally substituted) alkyl ester or ether may be formed, such as (C,-C 4 ) alkyl, aryl or aryl (C,-C 4 ) alkyl esters, ethers, thioesters and thioethers, for example phenylester, benzylether or thiophenol ethylester.
• the presently preferred ethers are methyl, ethyl and propyl ethers and presently preferred esters are methyl, ethyl and propyl esters.
• the C-terminal amide may be an alkyl amide with C--C fi (linear, branched, or cyclic), the alkyl residue itself can be substituted with single or multiple groups such as hydroxy, fluoro, etc.
• the N-terminal amino group may be acetylated with carboxylic acids of C,-C 8 (linear, branched, or cyclic) which may be substituted with single or multiple groups such as hydroxy, fluoro, etc.
• Such derivations are to improve properties such as solubility, bioavailability and stability (physical, chemical, metabolic) rather than biological activity.
• hydroxyl side chains of the amino acids Ser, Thr and/or Tyr and the amido groups of the amino acids Asn and/or Gin may be substituted with different carbohydrates or derivatives of carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrate derivatives may be as discussed above.
• Linear peptides useful in this invention may be prepared by any suitable process, such as conventional solid phase peptide synthetic techniques, see “Solid Phase Peptide Synthetic Techniques", 2nd ed. J.M. Stewart, J.D. Young, Pierce Chemical Company, 1984, ISBN: 0-935940-03-0. A frequently used solid phase method is the Merrifield technique. Another possibility is solution phase techniques.
• the preferred peptide, prototype Peptide T is readily obtainable from Peptech (Europe), Hillesod, Denmark.
• Cyclic peptides useful in the invention may be prepared by known techniques, such as, for example, described in Y. Hamada in Tetrahedron Letters. 26 5155 (1985). Cyclic peptides may be established in the form of a disulphide bridge between two Cys residues and/or by reacting the carboxy terminal amino acid residue with the amino terminal residue and/or by reacting the amino terminal residue with for example the g-carboxyl group of Glu, when Glu is at position D.
• Carbohydrate derivatives may be prepared by methods known in the art. Glycosylated Peptide T is disclosed in Urge et al, Bioche . Biophvs. Res. Comms. 184(2) 1125-1132 (1992), published 30 April 1992, but the utility of the present invention is neither disclosed nor suggested.
• Peptides useful in the invention may be administered as a composition in conjunction with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the peptides or peptide formulations may be used alone or in combination with any other pharmaceutically active compound, such as an anti-infective agent, for example an antibiotic and/or antiviral agent and/or antifungal agent, or another pharmaceutically active compound, such as an anti-neoplastic agent.
• an anti-infective agent for example an antibiotic and/or antiviral agent and/or antifungal agent
• another pharmaceutically active compound such as an anti-neoplastic agent.
• the peptides may be administered topically, orally, buccally, parenterally, rectally, vaginally, by intranasal inhalation spray, by intrapulmonary inhalation or in other ways.
• the peptides according to the invention may be formulated for topical application e.g. as sprays or creams.
• the peptides according to the invention may be formulated for inhalation with spray or powder, for injection (for example subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-articular or intracisternal injection) , for infusion or for oral administration and may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules or tablets or in multi-dose vials or other containers with an added preservative.
• compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions or gels in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilising and/or dispersing agents.
• the active ingredient may be in powder and/or lyophilised form for direct administration or for constitution with a suitable vehicle (eg sterile, pyrogen-free water, normal saline or 5% dextrose) before use.
• a suitable vehicle eg sterile, pyrogen-free water, normal saline or 5% dextrose
• the pharmaceutical compositions containing peptide(s) may also contain other active ingredients such as antimicrobial agents, or preservatives.
• the compositions may contain from 0.001-99% (w/v or, preferably, w/w) of the active material.
• Peptide T obtainable from Peptech (Europe) is usually formulated and packaged in a sterile manner in 5% dextrose solution in multi-dose vials. It will be appreciated that the peptide may be packaged in other carriers, such as saline. Preferably, the concentration of peptide in each dose is in the order of 8.5mg/ml for subcutaneous injection in one ml doses.
• the compositions are administered in therapeutically or prophylactic effective doses, i.e,. 0.05-10000mg of peptide per day, in particular 5-1000mg per day. Very large doses may be used as the peptide according to the invention is non-toxic. However, normally this is not required.
• the dose administered daily of course depends on the degree of control required.
• the daily dosage as employed for treatment of adults of approximately 70kg of body weight, will often range from 0.2mg to 20mg of active material which may be administered in the form of 1 to 4 doses over each day, such dosage ranges depending upon the route of administration and the condition of the patient.
• compositions as described above may be prepared by mixing or otherwise bringing into association the ingredients.
• the compounds useful in the invention may be used to treat or prevent any form of eczema, including but not being limited to nummular eczema, infective eczema and atopic eczema.
• the trial was a double-blinded, placebo controlled trial in which the compound was compared with placebo treatment.
• the placebo is the same formulation as the treatment material, but without the active compound. The study was conducted as follows:
• Treatment Period A 14 days.
• Treatment Period B 14 days.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-09-26 DE DE69433763T patent/DE69433763T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-09-26 DK DK94928213T patent/DK0871466T3/da active
  • 1994-09-26 CA CA002172491A patent/CA2172491A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-09-26 ES ES94928213T patent/ES2218528T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-09-26 EP EP94928213A patent/EP0871466B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-09-26 US US08/619,462 patent/US5798335A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-09-26 AU AU77350/94A patent/AU697847B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-09-26 WO PCT/AU1994/000574 patent/WO1995008338A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-09-26 JP JP50944495A patent/JP3623231B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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