WO1995006803A1 - Filtre a poussiere pour moteurs a combustion interne diesel - Google Patents

Filtre a poussiere pour moteurs a combustion interne diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995006803A1
WO1995006803A1 PCT/DE1994/001013 DE9401013W WO9506803A1 WO 1995006803 A1 WO1995006803 A1 WO 1995006803A1 DE 9401013 W DE9401013 W DE 9401013W WO 9506803 A1 WO9506803 A1 WO 9506803A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter body
filter
soot
molding compound
soot filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1994/001013
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Sperling
Reinhardt Schuster
Original Assignee
Friedrich Sperling
Reinhardt Schuster
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Friedrich Sperling, Reinhardt Schuster filed Critical Friedrich Sperling
Publication of WO1995006803A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995006803A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
    • B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
    • B01D46/2422—Mounting of the body within a housing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B01D39/2075—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/22—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in non-catalytic purification apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a soot filter for diesel internal combustion engines according to the type of the main claim.
  • the filtering out of soot particles from the exhaust gases of a diesel engine is preferably carried out by oxidizing d. H . Burn these particles, for which a wide variety of methods are known (DE OS 4012719). After the exhaust gases have been cleaned of the soot particles and possibly the latter have been oxidized, the exhaust gases usually flow through a catalyst, through which, on the one hand, a reduction in nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas and, on the other hand, an oxidation of still unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas can take place. Such a catalytic treatment may also be necessary for the soot particles burned in the soot filter.
  • the combustion of the soot particles requires a minimum ignition temperature of the exhaust gases, which, as is known, can be achieved in various ways, including by means of electrical heating walls, by means of additional fuels introduced and, as a result, by additional combustion, and by catalytic influence if the temperature of the exhaust gas is not sufficient for soot combustion. Accordingly, the quality of the carrier of such a filter is of particular importance.
  • the carrier body is made of ceramic material and has the shape of a honeycomb body, the longitudinal channels of this honeycomb body being mutually closed and the intermediate walls between the individual longitudinal channels consisting of finely porous, temperature change-resistant ceramic material.
  • the soot once collected in the channels, after which this oxidizes CO to CO 2, penetrate the fine porous walls of the filter
  • a segment of this drum is separated from the exhaust gas stream in order to burn the filter cake accumulated in this segment. By rotating the drum further, this segment is then again exposed to the exhaust gas flow, while another segment can be fired accordingly.
  • Such a system is not only very expensive but also prone to failure.
  • the excess electrical energy which is present anyway in the diesel vehicle is used for burning off the soot particles by placing a heating coil around a ceramic alternating filter around which accumulates on the outer surface of the wound filter Burn off soot.
  • the effective filter area of such filter bodies is very small, so that a relatively very large filter body is required and, accordingly, a relatively long heating coil with the correspondingly high energy consumption.
  • the efficiency of the heating coil is very poor due to the design, since a substantial part of the energy is transmitted to the outer exhaust shell as radiation energy.
  • the combustion quality is very different, since there is a certain amount of overheating during combustion in the vicinity of the heating wire in order to maintain the sufficient combustion temperature in the area between two courses of the heating coil. In any case, this temperature is above 450 ° C.
  • the exhaust gases can reach temperatures of up to 600 ° C, but not at idle partial load or when the internal combustion engine is started, so that a relatively difficult temperature control is also required is.
  • the soot filter according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage, inter alia, that the electrical metallic heating elements can also be incorporated into the filter body before it hardens.
  • the curing temperature is below 550 ° C.
  • copper has, for example, a heat resistance of over 1000 ° C, which cannot be achieved with soot gasification or combustion. In contrast to ceramics, no eutectic can be created with the metallic heating elements.
  • the filter body material according to the invention is electrically non-conductive, it is inherently a type of electrical insulator, for example, to a sheet metal housing surrounding the filter.
  • a soot combustion temperature can be changed relatively easily by the electrical heating element, for example 450 ° C can be set, so that with short changes from full load to partial load or idling, heating is not necessary, but the pent-up heat causes the combustion, which in turn generates additional heat in the manner of a chain reaction.
  • the filter body consists of a mixture of the flowable inorganic molding compound with catalyst material made of noble metals or of metals based on oxides and sulfides, such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, Zircon, cerium or rare earth metals and mixtures of these.
  • catalyst material made of noble metals or of metals based on oxides and sulfides, such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, Zircon, cerium or rare earth metals and mixtures of these.
  • the wall of the channels can also be coated with a catalyst material such as platinum when using a honeycomb body with alternately closed channels.
  • the flowable inorganic molding compound can be shaped into a filter body provided with thin walls or into a large-area open-pored foam body, through which, in particular, depending on the pore size, targeted accumulation of the exhaust gases can be achieved, or the filter body is formed by sintering still moist Material.
  • the filter body can Correspondingly strong turbulence takes place with a particularly good combustion of the soot particles, quite apart from the beneficial effect for the reduction or oxidation catalysis of the 7_b gases.
  • the soot filter and catalytic converter also partially made of the same material, can be arranged as separate blocks in series or in parallel in the exhaust. It is also conceivable according to the invention that foamed, sintered or honeycomb-shaped bodies are arranged in such blocks one behind the other or next to one another, also with switchover, with storage spaces in between for gas distribution or swirling.
  • the combustion device works in particular with electrical or catalytic means. While the arrangement and effect of the electrical means has already been described above, the advantage of using catalytic means which can be cold-molded and thus take over or promote part of the oxidation may be mentioned here.
  • a catalyst material which promotes the special oxidation of soot can be incorporated into the support material in a pulverized or slurry-like state before it hardens. In this way, not only is there an oxidation of the carbon monoxide on the surface, but the soot particles are oxidized in a possibly viscous gaseous state in the carrier material after their decomposition largely taking place on the surface of the filter.
  • a temperature probe can be provided upstream of the heating element which controls the heating operation, that is to say that when the temperature of the Exhaust gas or in the filter body for the combustion of the soot is not sufficient, the heating element switches on and vice versa switches off again at sufficient temperatures.
  • a heating element can be designed as a grating that penetrates the filter body or as a heating spiral, possibly also as a heating coil.
  • the natural electrical conductivity of the carbon black can also be used here.
  • the filter body is provided with a jacket (housing) of the same material, which either serves to isolate it from a sheet metal housing or itself serves as a housing.
  • a jacket housing
  • Such a housing can be integrated into the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.
  • metals or inorganic fibers or reinforcing powders such as talc and mica
  • a significant improvement in the mechanical strength of this jacket can be achieved.
  • an intermediate layer of the same material which serves only as a connecting element or for the insulation, can be provided between a sleeve and the filter body, in order to counteract above all problems with thermal expansion.
  • the material of the flowable organic molding compound also has the advantage that, despite "cold curing", it has an extraordinarily high mechanical strength, so that connecting elements for the further exhaust system, such as flanges, bolts or screws, can be incorporated into such a jacket.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un filtre à poussière pour moteurs à combustion interne Diesel, qui comprend au moins un élément filtrant inorganique placé dans un boîtier traversé par les gaz d'échappement du moteur à combustion interne Diesel et un dispositif (élément chauffant actionné électriquement) servant à brûler (oxydation) les particules de poussière filtrées. Ce filtre se caractérise en ce que l'élément filtrant est réalisé dans un matériau pouvant être durci par précipitation à des températures basses et se présente sous forme de produit d'une matière de moulage organique coulante, composée d'un mélange oxydique présentant des teneurs en SiO2 amorphe et en Al2O3 et/ou de cendres d'électrofiltre provenant d'usines thermique à houille à haute température et/ou de bauxite moulue calcinée et d'une solution de silicate alcalin.
PCT/DE1994/001013 1993-09-02 1994-09-02 Filtre a poussiere pour moteurs a combustion interne diesel WO1995006803A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934329558 DE4329558A1 (de) 1993-09-02 1993-09-02 Rußfilter für Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen
DEP4329558.4 1993-09-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995006803A1 true WO1995006803A1 (fr) 1995-03-09

Family

ID=6496610

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1994/001013 WO1995006803A1 (fr) 1993-09-02 1994-09-02 Filtre a poussiere pour moteurs a combustion interne diesel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4329558A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995006803A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002048514A1 (fr) 2000-12-14 2002-06-20 Bernard Dias DISPOSITIF DE TRAITEMENT DES GAZ D'ECHAPPEMENT POUR MOTEURS THERMIQUES
CN112012815A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2020-12-01 日本碍子株式会社 废气混合器、废气净化装置以及废气净化方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19730293B4 (de) * 1997-07-15 2004-02-12 Daimlerchrysler Ag Luftreinigungsanlage

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3512586A1 (de) * 1985-04-06 1986-10-09 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Abgaskatalysator-traeger aus anorganischen formmassen
EP0254165A2 (fr) * 1986-07-23 1988-01-27 Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft Corps de catalyseur résistant à des températures élevées et son procédé de fabrication
DE4012719A1 (de) * 1990-04-21 1991-10-24 Roggenkamp Karl Heinz Verfahren zur beseitigung von schaedlichen bestandteilen aus abgasen von brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere von dieselmotoren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE4206310A1 (de) * 1992-02-28 1993-09-02 Sperling Friedrich Dr Ing Abgaskatalysator fuer brennkraftmaschinen

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CS162634B2 (fr) * 1971-07-07 1975-07-15
US3788486A (en) * 1971-09-30 1974-01-29 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Filter
GB1445331A (en) * 1972-08-07 1976-08-11 Ici Ltd Liquid composition comprising metal and organic silicon compounds
DE2553567A1 (de) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-30 Bertalan Prof Dr Horvath Absorptionsmasse
US4264346A (en) * 1979-12-12 1981-04-28 General Motors Corporation Diesel exhaust particulate traps
SE8205096D0 (sv) * 1982-09-08 1982-09-08 Antiphon Ab Sintrad poros keramisk formkropp
AU564936B2 (en) * 1983-01-03 1987-09-03 Champion Spark Plug Company Open celled conductive ceramic network
DE3731889A1 (de) * 1987-09-01 1989-06-29 Mototech Motoren Umweltschutz Dieselruss-partikelfilter und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3729126A1 (de) * 1987-09-01 1989-04-06 Mototech Motoren Umweltschutz Dieselruss-partikelfilter und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3731888A1 (de) * 1987-09-23 1989-04-13 Mototech Motoren Umweltschutz Filter- oder katalysatorelement sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4871495A (en) * 1987-12-02 1989-10-03 The Duriron Company, Inc. Process for producing porous ceramic filter for filtering of particulates from diesel exhaust gases
DE4106301A1 (de) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-03 Roggenkamp Karl Heinz Verfahren zum regenerieren mit russ beladener abgasfilter
JP2919987B2 (ja) * 1991-03-05 1999-07-19 日本碍子株式会社 抵抗調節型ヒーター
JP2822745B2 (ja) * 1992-02-07 1998-11-11 日産自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3512586A1 (de) * 1985-04-06 1986-10-09 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Abgaskatalysator-traeger aus anorganischen formmassen
EP0254165A2 (fr) * 1986-07-23 1988-01-27 Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft Corps de catalyseur résistant à des températures élevées et son procédé de fabrication
DE4012719A1 (de) * 1990-04-21 1991-10-24 Roggenkamp Karl Heinz Verfahren zur beseitigung von schaedlichen bestandteilen aus abgasen von brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere von dieselmotoren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE4206310A1 (de) * 1992-02-28 1993-09-02 Sperling Friedrich Dr Ing Abgaskatalysator fuer brennkraftmaschinen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002048514A1 (fr) 2000-12-14 2002-06-20 Bernard Dias DISPOSITIF DE TRAITEMENT DES GAZ D'ECHAPPEMENT POUR MOTEURS THERMIQUES
CN112012815A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2020-12-01 日本碍子株式会社 废气混合器、废气净化装置以及废气净化方法
CN112012815B (zh) * 2019-05-30 2022-04-19 日本碍子株式会社 废气混合器、废气净化装置以及废气净化方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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