WO1995000589A1 - Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials - Google Patents
Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995000589A1 WO1995000589A1 PCT/PL1993/000013 PL9300013W WO9500589A1 WO 1995000589 A1 WO1995000589 A1 WO 1995000589A1 PL 9300013 W PL9300013 W PL 9300013W WO 9500589 A1 WO9500589 A1 WO 9500589A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- volume parts
- volume
- phosphogypsum
- ceramic
- inorganic filler
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HNHVTXYLRVGMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCCCN=C=O HNHVTXYLRVGMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001481828 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroperoxycyclohexyl)peroxycyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(O)OOC1(OO)CCCCC1 UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbaryl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)NC)=CC=CC2=C1 CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- IFSWBZCGMGEHLE-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Co+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 IFSWBZCGMGEHLE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/06—Unsaturated polyesters
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with a process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials produced thereby with various properties useful in many branches of industry, and at the same time making it possible to utilize industrial waste products.
- Polish patent application no, P.283240 a process far manufacturing a ceramic composition by binding phosphogypsum in a non-aqueous system with polyester resins including an accelerant, a curing agent and acetone, if required.
- the resultant material is suitable for producing various articles with a good mechanical strength and low water and oil absorbabilities by extrusion or casting.
- phosphogypsum being a by-product in the production of phosphoric acid, as an inorganic filler, preferably an apatite derived phosphogypsum, by itself or, if required, in a compo sition with other compounds, bonded with epoxy resins or their mixtures with polyester resins in a non-aqueous system, makes it possible to prepare ceramic-like materials suitable for a wide application, water-resistant, showing properties similar to those of same metals, and at the same time being readily processable, particularly by casting, and then, if required, additionally by mechanical working.
- the process for preparing a ceramic-like material by binding an inorganic filler with a synthetic resin in a non-aqueous system consists in adding a waste phosphogypsum, preferably an apatite derived phosphogypsum, previously prepared by heating for at least 1.5 hours at a temperature of not lower than 167°C, and grinding to obtain a fraction with a grain size of up to 20 pm, on continuous stirring for 0,2-5.0 hours to a synthetic resin in an amount of 1 : 0,45-2.0 per the volume of the dry filler.
- a synthetic resin epoxy resin is used by itself or in a mixture with polyester resins both saturated and unsaturated modified ones, with a concentration of 20-80 % by volume.
- the raw composition can be coloured as required with any pigment, and then there is added 8-20 volume parts of a curing agent such as triethylenetetraamine or, in the case of using a mixture of epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resins, 2-16 volume parts of a curing agent such as triethylenete traamine and 0.5-8.5 volume parts of a curing agent, preferably in the form solution with a concentration of 20-40 % by volume of cyclohexanone or benzoyl peroxide in dibutyl phthalate.
- a curing agent such as triethylenetetraamine or, in the case of using a mixture of epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resins, 2-16 volume parts of a curing agent such as triethylenete traamine and 0.5-8.5 volume parts of a curing agent, preferably in the form solution with a concentration of 20-40 % by volume of cyclohexanone or benzoyl peroxide in dibutyl phthalate.
- the ceramic-like material, containing synthetic resins, a curing agent and an inorganic filler, according to the present invention, per every 100 volume parts of phosphogypsum contains 50 - 225 volume parts of epoxy resin, 8-20 volume parts of a curing agent such as triethylenetetraamine and up to 12 volume parts of an organic dilutant such as acetone or styrene.
- the ceramic-like material, containing synthetic resins, a curing agent and an inorganic filler, according to the present invention per every 100 volume parts of the phosphogypsum filler contains 10-180 volume parts of epoxy resin and 10-180 volume parts of a saturated polyester resin, 8-20 volume parts of a curing agent such as triethylenetetraamine and up to 12 volume parts of an organic dilutant such as acetone or styrene.
- the ceramic-like material, containing synthetic resins, a curing agent and an inorganic filler, according to the present invention per every 100 volume parts of the phosphogypsum filler contains 10-180 volume parts of epoxy resin, 10-180 volume parts of an unsaturated modified polyester resin, 0.06-0.55 volume parts of an accelerant, such as cobalt naphthenate, 2-16 volume parts of a curing agent such as triethylenetetraamine and 0.1 - 3.4 volume parts of benzoyl or cyclohexanone peroxide and 0.4-5.1 volume parts of dibutyl phthalate.
- ceramic-like materials with specific properties, by using, as an inorganic filler, a dry composition previously homogenized physically, containing phosphogypsum and magnetic in the volume ratio 1 : 0,72-1.42 or phosphogypsum and glass-forming oxides in the volume ratio 1 : 0.83-1.39, while the glass-forming oxides consist mainly of lead oxide in an amount, of 81 % by weight, silicon dioxide in an amount of 11,.5 % by weight and barium oxide in an amount of 2.6 % by weight.
- the grain size of the dry composition containing phosphogypsum and magnetite is 18 ⁇ m at most and that of the dry composition containing phosphogypsum and glass-forming oxides up to 16 ⁇ m.
- the process in accordance with this invention makes it possible to prepare expanded ceramic-like materials with completely closed pores, by adding to the raw composition containing a curig agent, within 0,15 hours, an expanding agent, preferably butyl isocyanate. in an amount of up to 30 % by volume per the composition and water in an amount of 0,06-0,15 % by volume per the composition.
- an expanding agent preferably butyl isocyanate.
- the ceramic-like material with magnetic properties containing an inorganic filler, synthetic resins and a curing agent, according to the present invention contains phosphogypsum and magnetite in the volume ratio 1 :0.72 -142.
- the ceramic-like material effective at absorbing an X-radiation of 45 - 55 keV and a hard radiation of
- 0.6-1.25 MeV containing an inorganic filler, synthetic resins and a curing agent, according to the present invention contains in the volume ratio 1 : 0.83-1.36, respectively phosphogypsum and glass-forming oxides consisting mainly of lead oxide, silicon oxide and barium oxide.
- the ceramic-like materials is accordance with the present invention, depending on their composition, can be used in a wide range of application. Various articles can be made from them by casting or injection moulding, as well as by mechanical working such as machine cutting, grinding, turning. Moreover, the ceramic-like materials, according to the present invention, show perfect adhesion to metal, wood, concrete, glass and most plactics. Therefore, thay can be optionally joined with other materials either directly at the polymerization stage or after curing by means of a prepolymerized composition.
- the process according to the present invention makes it possible to utilize excessive quantities of the waste phosphogypsum obtained during the production of phosphoric acid by the wet process.
- This waste stored. at vast dumping grounds, bringc about a growing degradation of the natural environment.
- the waste when utilized by the process in accordance with this invention due to very good mechanical properties of the resultant ceramic-like materials, as well as their good resistance to external conditions such as moisture, corrosion, acids and alkalies, on the one hand will partly assist in reducing the environmental hazard, while on the other hand, they will make it possible in many cases to decrease the consumption of metals, calcareous ore output, gravel.
- the invention is further described by the following example without limiting the scope of its application.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7502680A JPH08511821A (ja) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-08-12 | セラミック様材料の製法およびそのセラミック様材料 |
| SK1615-95A SK161595A3 (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-08-12 | Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials |
| BR9307875A BR9307875A (pt) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-08-12 | Processo para o preparo de materiais similares a ceramica e os materiais similares á ceramica obtidos |
| AU47651/93A AU4765193A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-08-12 | Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials |
| DE69324933T DE69324933D1 (de) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-08-12 | Keramikartiges material und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| EP93918107A EP0705304B1 (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-08-12 | Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials |
| FI956139A FI956139A7 (fi) | 1993-06-25 | 1995-12-20 | Menetelmä keraamien kaltaisten materiaalien valmistamiseksi ja keraamien kaltaisia materiaaleja |
| NO955285A NO955285D0 (no) | 1993-06-25 | 1995-12-22 | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av keramikklignende materialer og de keramikklignende materialer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL93299473A PL172625B1 (pl) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-06-25 | Sposób otrzymywania masy ceramicznopodobnej i masa ceramicznopodobna PL PL |
| PLP.299473 | 1993-06-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1995000589A1 true WO1995000589A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
Family
ID=20060352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL1993/000013 WO1995000589A1 (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-08-12 | Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials |
Country Status (18)
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5683616A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1997-11-04 | Cyrkiewicz; Marceli | Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3873492A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1975-03-25 | Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst | Gypsum compositions for gypsum-thermoplastic composite |
| GB1541655A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1979-03-07 | Air Prod & Chem | Unsaturated polyester-based moulding compounds |
| JPS6257456A (ja) * | 1985-09-07 | 1987-03-13 | Showa Highpolymer Co Ltd | 硬化可能な組成物 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL170519B1 (pl) * | 1990-01-09 | 1996-12-31 | Marceli Cyrkiewicz | Sposób wytwarzania masy ceramicznej z odpadów fosfogipsowych |
-
1993
- 1993-06-25 PL PL93299473A patent/PL172625B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-12 HU HU9503777A patent/HUT73405A/hu unknown
- 1993-08-12 DE DE69324933T patent/DE69324933D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-12 WO PCT/PL1993/000013 patent/WO1995000589A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-12 JP JP7502680A patent/JPH08511821A/ja active Pending
- 1993-08-12 AU AU47651/93A patent/AU4765193A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-12 SK SK1615-95A patent/SK161595A3/sk unknown
- 1993-08-12 EP EP93918107A patent/EP0705304B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-12 CZ CZ953356A patent/CZ335695A3/cs unknown
- 1993-08-12 CA CA002166087A patent/CA2166087A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-12 AT AT93918107T patent/ATE180003T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-12 BR BR9307875A patent/BR9307875A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-06-22 CN CN94106725.4A patent/CN1101020A/zh active Pending
- 1994-06-24 IL IL110119A patent/IL110119A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-24 MA MA23549A patent/MA23236A1/fr unknown
- 1994-07-22 TW TW083106036A patent/TW272970B/zh active
-
1995
- 1995-12-20 FI FI956139A patent/FI956139A7/fi unknown
- 1995-12-22 NO NO955285A patent/NO955285D0/no unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3873492A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1975-03-25 | Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst | Gypsum compositions for gypsum-thermoplastic composite |
| GB1541655A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1979-03-07 | Air Prod & Chem | Unsaturated polyester-based moulding compounds |
| JPS6257456A (ja) * | 1985-09-07 | 1987-03-13 | Showa Highpolymer Co Ltd | 硬化可能な組成物 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 101, no. 12, 17 September 1984, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 96679f, "FOAMED GYPSUM BOARDS" page 345; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 110, no. 11, 29 May 1989, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 198189z, W.F.CHANG: "STABILIZATION OF PHOPHOGYPSUM WITH EPOXY" page 344; * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 8716, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 87-112152 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 251 (C - 440) 14 August 1987 (1987-08-14) * |
| PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOPHOGYPSUM, no. 2, 1988, CHINA, pages 287 - 300, XP000057029 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5683616A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1997-11-04 | Cyrkiewicz; Marceli | Process for preparing ceramic-like materials and the ceramic-like materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI956139A0 (fi) | 1995-12-20 |
| PL172625B1 (pl) | 1997-10-31 |
| HU9503777D0 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
| EP0705304B1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
| CN1101020A (zh) | 1995-04-05 |
| CA2166087A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
| NO955285L (no) | 1995-12-22 |
| AU4765193A (en) | 1995-01-17 |
| CZ335695A3 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
| ATE180003T1 (de) | 1999-05-15 |
| PL299473A1 (en) | 1994-12-27 |
| FI956139A7 (fi) | 1995-12-20 |
| JPH08511821A (ja) | 1996-12-10 |
| NO955285D0 (no) | 1995-12-22 |
| IL110119A0 (en) | 1994-10-07 |
| TW272970B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1996-03-21 |
| IL110119A (en) | 1998-02-22 |
| MA23236A1 (fr) | 1994-12-31 |
| HUT73405A (en) | 1996-07-29 |
| DE69324933D1 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
| EP0705304A1 (en) | 1996-04-10 |
| BR9307875A (pt) | 1996-08-06 |
| SK161595A3 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
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