Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
  • E02F9/2808—Teeth
  • E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
  • E02F9/2825—Mountings therefor using adapters
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
  • E02F9/2808—Teeth
  • E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
  • E02F9/2833—Retaining means, e.g. pins
  • E02F9/2841—Retaining means, e.g. pins resilient

Definitions

• the present invention pertains to an excavating tooth adapted for use on excavating equipment of all kinds - such as, front end loaders, backhoes, draglines, rippers, etc. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• the teeth are manufactured as two parts - an adapter and a point.
• the adapter is attached (e.g., by welding) to the bucket's lip and includes a forwardly projecting nose.
• the point defines a rearwardly opening socket into which the adapter nose is received and includes a front digging edge.
• the point substantially envelops the adapter nose and thereby tends to protect the nose from wear.
• the point is subjected to abrasive conditions and must be frequently replaced.
• five to thirty points may be successively mounted onto a single adapter, depending upon the severity of the application. Due to the large loads and impacts applied to the teeth, it is essential that the points be securely locked to the adapters. Yet, since the points are changed in the field, the locks must be easily set and released. While many styles of locks have been developed, they commonly include the use of a lock pin.
• the point and adapter nose are each provided with a central locking aperture.
• the apertures are aligned to enable receipt of a lock pin.
• a rigid pin is used in combination with a resilient keeper member.
• the keeper member is employed to hold the pin in the apertures and to tighten the engagement of the point over the adapter nose.
• An example of this type of tooth is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,312,802 to Crawford.
• a sandwich pin may be used without a separate keeper member.
• a sandwich pin is comprised of a rigid portion to provide adequate strength to hold the point to the adapter and a resilient portion to secure the pin in place and tighten the connection of the parts.
• An example of this construction is set forth in U.S. Patent No. 4,823,487 to Robinson.
• Teeth with these constructions experience a number of shortcomings.
• the formation of central apertures in both the point and adapter nose weakens the overall strength of the tooth.
• the keeper or elastomeric portion of the lock is forced to accept loads beyond its capacity. This phenomenon is exacerbated in situations involving a partially worn adapter nose. Frequent or cyclic overloading of the resilient component can result in premature failure of the member. Failure of the keeper or elastomer can lead to loss of the pin and hence the point. If a point is lost, the adapter will be quickly ruined as the nose is not made to resist highly abrasive conditions.
• points are often subjected to jacking or fluttering forces. More specifically, as the point is forced through the ground t is constantly exposed to endless variations in resistance caused by rocks, roots, concrete and other discontinuities in the ground. These variations are magnified in front end loaders which are driven forward along the ground and thus experience additional vertical and transverse movements of the bucket during loading. In any event, these variations in resistance tend to apply forces having significant vertical components to the points. Moreover, the loads generally reverse directions at a rapid rate on the point such that upward and downward forces act repeatedly on the points. In large operations loads upwards of 200,000 pounds would not be unexpected.
• Ejection of the pin can be partially alleviated if the lock pin is inserted through a set of aligned apertures oriented in a horizontal direction (i.e., parallel with the lip of the bucket) .
• a tooth with this construction is referred to as a side locking tooth.
• An example of such a construction is shown in U.S. Patent No. 2,669,153 to Launder. With this construction, rotational movements of the point in a vertical plane do not apply forces along the pin's axis to eject the pin. Nevertheless, significant transverse jacking forces can be applied to the point and thus transmitted to the pin along its axis. Moreover, because of the typical close spacing of the teeth on a bucket, very little access space is provided to insert and remove the pins.
• the point is movable farther up on the adapter nose as the nose becomes worn.
• the elastomeric element must expand a corresponding amount to maintain a tight fit and prevent loss of the pin.
• the pin may be lost or ejected. Therefore, in order to maximize the life of the components the apertures defined through the point and adapter nose, irrespective of whether they are vertical or horizontal apertures, are typically constructed so that the pin is initially inserted into a very tight arrangement. A tight fit leads to difficulty in inserting and removing the pin. Difficulty in replacing the points causes increased downtime and a greater likelihood that workers may avoid timely replacement of the points.
• This external locking construction avoids the formation of enlarged apertures in the components and thereby provides a stronger tooth. Further, the transverse orientation of the resilient plug shields it from the major forces applied to the point. Overloading of the plug is thus avoided.
• this lock pin and plug combination does not attain the advantages of a one-piece lock.
• the adapter nose has a vertical channel defined along one of its sides to receive the pin.
• the point includes a rearwardly extending tongue in opposed relation to the channel and an inwardly directed lug.
• the lock pin is comprised of rigid front and rear faces which resist the major loads applied to the point, and an elastomer provided with a pair of transverse locking detents adapted for receipt in recesses defined in the adapter nose and the tongue. While this construction performs well in smaller sized teeth, it does not provide an adequate solution for all circumstances.
• the present invention pertains to a tooth, comprised of a point, an adapter and a sandwich pin, which has a construction unknown in the prior art .
• the tooth of the present invention is much less susceptible to pin loss due to overloading of a pin elastomer, the effects of jacking forces or wear to the adapter nose. Moreover, the points can be readily replaced in the field.
• an excavating tooth is comprised of an adapter, a point, and a sandwich pin.
• the adapter includes a forwardly projecting nose and an opening associated with the nose.
• the point includes a front digging edge, a socket which is matingly received over the adapter nose, and a first opening which aligns with the adapter opening for receipt of the sandwich pin.
• the point further includes a second opening proximate to the first opening.
• the pin is comprised of a rigid casing and a plurality of independently depressible protrusions. One of the protrusions resiliently engages a portion of the adapter nose to tighten the attachment of the point onto the nose..
• At least one other protrusion extends into the second opening of the point to securely lock the pin to the point .
• the independent operation of the protrusions functions to alleviate pin loss due to overloading of the elastomeric material, the effects of jacking forces or wear to the adapter nose.
• the sandwich pin includes a rigid casing member and a plurality of elastomeric members .
• One of the elastomeric members forms a first protrusion which engages and presses against a portion of the adapter nose to effect tightening of the point onto the nose.
• At least one other elastomeric member forms a second protrusion which functions to lock the pin to the point.
• the locking elastomer is separate and apart from the tightening elastomer and is shielded from the major forces applied to the point by the rigid casing. Since the locking elastomer is isolated from the loading forces it cannot be overloaded. As a result, pin loss due to failure of an elastomeric member is virtually eliminated.
• the use of a separate locking elastomer further reduces the likelihood of pin ejection under jacking forces.
• the rigid casing of the pin is matingly received and held in at least a portion of the pin opening defined by the point.
• the point independently holds the pin, regardless of the longitudinal position of the point on the adapter nose.
• This independent holding of the pin causes the pin to move with the point as it is repeatedly jerked under jacking forces.
• This integral movement of the pin with the point virtually eliminates the thrust forces formerly applied by the point in ejecting the pin from the opening.
• the pin is substantially prevented from being lost due to jacking forces or wear to the adapter nose.
• the holding of the pin by the point also permits the assembly of a "looser" tooth construction. In other words, since the pin is held by the point, the pin does not need to be inserted into a tight tooth assembly.
• the pin opening in the present invention can be formed with a minimum clearance to permit easy driving of the pin in the field.
• the lock pin is received into a slot defined in the point .
• the slot includes shoulders which are shown to matingly receive the pin.
• a closer inspection reveals that the construction is wholly unworkable. More specifically, when the pin is inserted, it is driven vertically downward into the aligned openings.
• the pin has a central segment rearward of the shoulders which is broader than its end portions. The mating receipt of the pin's end portions in the point openings (as seen in Figure 8) would preclude the passage of the broader central segment through the same opening. As a result, this patent fails to provide a useful teaching in this regard.
• a point of an external locking tooth includes a pair of vertically spaced apart lugs disposed rearwardly of the point's body.
• the lugs are attached to the body by an ear which forms an extension of one of the point's sidewalls .
• the ear attaches to a sidewall of the point with broad arcuate transition segments at the top and bottom ends of the ear. This broad arcuate configuration is important in maintaining stress levels at this juncture point within a range of acceptable levels.
• the body, the ear and the lugs collectively define an opening in which the lock pin is received.
• a boss is provided opposite each lug to facilitate mating receipt of the pin in the point opening.
• a sandwich pin in another aspect of the invention, includes an arm which projects rearward to extend between the lugs and the adapter nose when the pin is assembled in an external locking tooth.
• the arm stabilizes the orientation of the pin to prevent unwanted turning of the pin in the pin opening.
• the arm also prevents an erroneous insertion of the pin during assembly of the tooth.
• the point defines an opening adapted to receive a lock pin therein.
• the point further includes a plurality of recesses along the opening to receive locking detents of the inserted pin. This multiple, independent locking construction between the pin and the point creates a positive locking assembly which alleviates unintended release or loss of the pin from the pin opening.
• the lock pin has a single elastomeric member which uniquely cooperates with a rigid casing to define a pair of independently depressible protrusions .
• the elastomeric member includes a front protrusion which engages a face of the adapter nose and a rear protrusion which is inserted into a gap defined between a pair of walls or lugs of the point. The front protrusion tightens the connection of the point onto the adapter nose and the rear protrusion locks the pin to the point .
• the independently depressible nature of the rear protrusion provides a secure locking function to alleviate unintended release of the pin, isolates the rear protrusion from the front protrusion to lessen the affects on the pin of heavy loading, and enhances the mating receipts of the pin's rigid casing in the pin opening of the point to securely lock the pin to the point even when assembled on a worn and loose fitting adapter nose.
• Figure 1 is an exploded, partial perspective view of an external locking tooth in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 2 is a partial top plan view of the point of the tooth.
• Figure 3 is a cross sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Figure 2.
• Figure 4 is a top plan view of the adapter nose of the tooth.
• Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the adapter nose.
• Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the lock pin of the tooth.
• Figure 7 is a partial front elevational view of the lock pin.
• Figure 8 is a cross sectional view taken along line 8-8 in Figure 6.
• Figure 9 is a cross sectional view taken along line 9-9 in Figure 6.
• Figure 10 is a cross sectional view taken along line 10-10 in Figure 6.
• Figure 11 is an exploded side view of the lock pin.
• Figure 12 is a partial, top plan view of the assembled tooth.
• Figure 13 is a cross sectional view taken along line 13-13 in Figure 12 showing an initial step in a process for assembly of the pin into the tooth.
• Figure 14 is a cross sectional view taken along line 13-13 in Figure 12 showing a medial step in the process for assembly of the pin into the tooth.
• Figure 15 is a cross sectional view taken along line 13-13 in Figure 12 showing the assembled tooth.
• Figure 16 is an exploded, partial perspective view of a center locking tooth in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 17 is an exploded, partial top plan view of the point and adapter nose of the second embodiment .
• Figure 18 is an exploded, partial side elevational view of the point and adapter nose of the second embodiment .
• Figure 19 is a partial cross sectional view of the assembled tooth taken along line 19-19 in Figure 17.
• Figure 20 is a top plan view of the lock pin of the second embodiment .
• Figure 21 is an exploded, partial perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 22 is a cross sectional view taken in the position of line 13-13 in Figure 12 of a tooth in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 23 is a side elevational view of the lock pin of the fourth embodiment .
• Figure 24 is a cross sectional view taken along line 24-24 in Figure 23.
• Figure 25 is a cross sectional view taken along line 25-25 in Figure 23.
• Figure 26 is a partial cross sectional view taken in the position of line 13-13 of Figure 12 of a tooth in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 27 is a side elevational of the lock pin of the fifth embodiment .
• Figure 28 is a cross sectional view taken along line 28-28 in Figure 27.
• Figure 29 is a cross sectional view taken along line 29-29 in Figure 27.
• Figure 30 is a partial cross sectional view taken in the position of line 19-19 in Figure 18 of a sixth embodiment of the invention.
• the present invention pertains to an excavating tooth comprised of a point, an adapter and a sandwich type lock pin.
• the tooth is adapted to connect to excavating equipment of all kinds for use in a wide variety of operations.
• operation of the equipment will cause the present teeth to assume many different orientations.
• the elements of the teeth are at times described in regard to relative directions such as up and down. These directions should be understood with respect to the orientation of the teeth as shown in Figures 1 and 16, unless stated otherwise.
• a tooth 10 in a preferred embodiment of the present invention ( Figures 1-15) , includes a point 12, an adapter 14 and a sandwich pin 16. Tooth 10 preferably has an external locking construction similar to that set forth in U.S. Patent No. 4,965,945 to Emrich, which is incorporated herein by reference. Nevertheless, variations on the construction may also be used.
• Adapter 14 includes a shank (not shown) adapted to be secured to the front lip of a bucket (not shown) , and a nose 18 projecting forwardly from the lip ( Figures 1 and 4-5) .
• Nose 18 is preferably formed with a helical construction similar to that originally set forth in U.S. Patent No. 4,335,532 to Hahn et al . , which is also incorporated herein by reference. The helical construction, however, is not essential to the present invention.
• a vertically oriented keyway 20 is formed along one side of adapter nose 18. Keyway 20 is defined by a rearwardly facing ledge or shoulder 22, a side wall 24 and a rear wall 26. Side and rear walls 24, 26 preferably merge together in an arcuate transition segment.
• the keyway is designed and sized to receive lock pin 16 and lugs 28a, 28b of point 12 ( Figures 1 and 12) .
• Point 12 has a generally wedge-shaped tapering construction which includes a front digging edge 30 and a body 32 including a socket 42 for receiving adapter nose 18 (Figures 1-3) .
• Body 32 is defined by a top wall 34, a bottom wall 35, a pair of side walls 36, 37, and a rear wall 38.
• Socket 42 opens rearwardly in rear wall 38 to matingly receive therein adapter nose 18 and mount point 12 onto adapter 14.
• a pair of vertically spaced lugs 28a, 28b are disposed rearwardly of rear wall 38 to interact with lock pin 16 and keyway 20 to lock the tooth assembly together.
• Lugs 28a, 28b are attached to body 32 by an ear 44 which forms an extension of side wall 36.
• a second pair of lugs 28c, 28d of the same construction may be provided on the other side of the point to enable the point to be flipped over and thereby extend its useful life.
• Lugs 28a, 28b are oriented inwardly at approximately right angles to ear 44.
• point 12 is received over adapter nose 18 such that the nose is matingly received in socket 42 ( Figures 1 and 12-15) .
• Lugs 28a, 28b are received in the upper and lower portions of keyway 20.
• Ledge 22 extends substantially vertically between lugs 28a, 28b.
• Lugs 28a, 28b, ear 44, rear wall 38 and keyway 20 cooperatively define a pin opening 50 for receiving lock pin 16 therethrough.
• lock pin 16 is driven vertically into and out of pin opening 50 to lock and release point 12 to and from adapter nose 18.
• Lock pin 16 is comprised of a rigid casing 54 and a pair of elastomeric members 56, 57 ( Figures 6-11) .
• Elastomers 56, 57 are received and held within pockets 60, 61 defined in the medial and upper portions, respectively, of casing 54.
• Elastomer 56 cooperates with a rigid plate 125 to form a first protrusion 58 which resiliently engages ledge 22 of adapter nose 18 to tighten the connection of point 12 on the nose.
• Elastomer 57 cooperates with a rigid detent 142 to form a second protrusion 59 which is received into a recess 151 (Fig. 15) defined in the point to lock the pin to the point.
• Elastomer 57 is separate and apart from tightening elastomer 56 and is thus independently depressible and isolated from the loading and wear of elastomer 56.
• Casing 54 (Figs. 6-11) is an elongated rigid member preferably composed of a metallic material .
• Casing 54 preferably has a slightly arcuate configuration, although a straight pin could also be used. The use of an arcuate pin permits current points to be easily modified to accept the use of lock pin 16.
• Rear walls 64, 65 of casing 54 are concave in shape while front wall 67 is convex. The concave curvature of rear wall 64 is shaped to conform to the arcuate inner faces 48a, 48b of lugs 28a, 28b.
• casing 54 has a body segment 70 and a rearwardly extending arm 72.
• Arm 72 extends along the length of pin 16 and preferably has a generally hook-like configuration; although other shapes could be used. Arm 72 is adapted to extend between the distal ends 74a, 74b of lugs 28a, 28b and side wall 24 of keyway 20. Arm 72 includes an end face 76 which abuts ends 74a, 74b and an inner surface 77 which abuts against side wall 24. Arm 72 functions to stabilize the orientation of pin 16 and prevent unwanted turning of the pin. Arm 72 further prevents the erroneous insertion of pin 16 in keyway 20 during assembly.
• body segment 70 has a generally block-like configuration ( Figures 6 and 10) .
• a tapered section 82 is provided along the front wall 67 of the body to ease the assembly of the tooth, as discussed below.
• Chamfers 83a, 83b are also provided along the bottom of rear walls 64, 65, respectively, to facilitate easier insertion of the pin into opening 50.
• a flat striking face 84 is defined at the top 86 of pin 16. Face 84 is struck by a user to drive the pin into and out of opening 50.
• a relatively large pocket 60 is defined along the midsection of pin 16 ( Figures 6 and 9) .
• casing 54 has a substantially T-shaped configuration. More specifically, body 70 includes a substantially rectangular base segment 88 having a front wall 89, a side wall 90 and a rear wall 91. Base segment 88, at an end opposite to side wall 90, intersects a transverse segment 99 defined by arm 72 and an inner sidewall 101. Sidewall 101 extends forwardly from base 88 and intersects with front wall 67 of pin 16. Front wall 67 defines a reduced portion 67a adjacent pocket 60. Front wall portion 67a, sidewall 101 and base segment 88 cooperate to define a shallow side cavity 103 for receiving a portion 56a of tightening elastomer 56.
• front wall 67 and side wall 68 cooperate to define a pair of stop portions 67b, 67c which extend towards one another.
• the stop portions 67b, 67c each cooperate with the inner wall 102 of sidewall 101 to define shallow top and bottom cavities 104, 105 adapted to receive elastomer portions 56b, 56c.
• elastomer 56 is flexed and "popped" into pocket 60 and cavities 103-105. These cavities function to retain elastomer 56 in casing 54.
• the elastomer may be bonded to the inner walls of the casing.
• Casing 54 along the top 86 of pin 16 defines pocket 61 adapted to receive and retain locking elastomer 57 ( Figures 6 and 8) .
• Front wall 67 and inner sidewall 101 extend completely about pocket 61 in a substantially L-shaped configuration.
• Front wall 67 defines a shallow cavity 107 adjacent sidewall 101.
• Cavity 107 is also defined along the upper wall 109 of pocket 61 adjacent sidewall 101.
• cavity 107 has a generally L-shaped configuration which is bounded by front wall 67, sidewall 101, base segment 88 and stop portions 68a, 68b.
• Base segment 88 extends along the back of elastomer 57, except for a gap 111 which is defined at about the midsection of the elastomer.
• a portion of base segment 88 remains adjacent gap 111 to define a stop 113 for elastomer 57.
• Elastomer 57 like elastomer 56, is flexed and "popped" into the pocket where it is retained by the defined cavity and stops.
• Elastomers 56, 57 are each composed of a resilient, relatively durable and strong material, such as polyurethane or rubber. Of course other materials having the requisite characteristics could also be used. Elastomers 56, 57 are each also preferably provided with a series of bores 115 to enhance the level of compression attainable by the elastomers ( Figures 6-7, 9 and 11) . The bores are preferably closed to prevent compaction of fines therein.
• Tightening elastomer 56 has a generally elongate configuration ( Figures 6-7, 9 and 11) .
• a bulged portion 117 extends from the front of elastomer 56 to define with rigid plate 125 first protrusion 58.
• Protrusion 58 is placed in resilient engagement with ledge 22 of adapter nose 18 to tighten the attachment of the point on the nose.
• elastomer 56 includes a side ridge 56a, a top ridge 56b and a bottom ridge 56c adapted for receipt into cavities 103, 104, 105, respectively.
• Plate 125 is preferably composed of a metallic material and has a generally bowed configuration defining two legs 126, 127 which overlie and are bonded or otherwise secured to the front and one side of elastomer 56. Plate 125 is further bowed in the vertical direction to extend over bulged portion 117. Plate 125 protects elastomer 56 from wearing due to its abutment against ledge 22 of adapter nose 18. Protrusion 58 includes a tapered section 129 to permit easier compression of elastomer 56 during insertion and removal of pin 16 into and from opening 50.
• Locking elastomer 57 has a generally rectangular block-like configuration defined by a front wall 131, a rear wall 132, a top wall 133, a bottom wall 134 and side walls 135, 136 ( Figures 6, 8 and 11) .
• a ridge 57a extends along front and top walls 131, 133 to be received in cavity 107.
• a rigid detent 142 preferably composed of a metallic material is bonded or otherwise secured to rear wall 132 and projects through gap 111 in casing 54.
• Detent 142 in combination with elastomer 57 defines a second resiliently depressible protrusion 59.
• Detent 142 includes shoulders 144 adapted to abut casing 54 to provide a limit to the outward extension of the detent.
• Detent 142 has an arcuate bottom corner 146 which is provided to ease retraction of the detent when pin 16 is driven into and out of opening 50.
• lugs 28a, 28b are disposed rearwardly beyond rear wall 38 of point 12 ( Figures 1-3 and 12) .
• the lugs are joined to body 32 of point 12 by a rearwardly extending ear 44.
• Ear 44 merges with the top and bottom walls 34, 35 of point 12 along a broad arcuate transition portion 149a, 149b ( Figures 2 and 12) .
• Portions 149a, 149b are formed as broad arcuate portions ( e . g. , having a radius of curvature of about 19mm/0.75in. for a point body with a rear opening of 178mm/7in.) to minimize the stress levels at the interconnections under heavy loading. Transition portions defining sharper curvatures have been found to create stresses approaching unacceptably high levels during use of the point.
• a portion of rear wall 38 of point 12 defining opening 50 includes a pair of bosses 155a, 155b in opposed relation with lugs 28a, 28b, respectively ( Figures 1-3 and 13-15) .
• Bosses 155a, 155b extend rearwardly toward inner faces 48a, 48b of lugs 28a, 28b to narrow the depth of opening 50 along portions 50a, 50b.
• Portions 50a, 50b of opening 50 matingly receive pin 16 during use, such that bosses 155a, 155b engage front wall 67 of pin 16 and inner faces 48a, 48b engage rear wall 64.
• the formation of bosses 155a, 155b requires a relatively sharp transition corner 157a, 157b between ear 44 and rear wall 38.
• Corners 157a, 157b each has a radius of curvature which is about 65 percent or less of the radius of curvature desired for transition segments 149a, 149b.
• bosses 155a, 155b are offset from the upper and lower ends of opening 50.
• Lug 28a is further provided with a recess 151 along inner face 48a ( Figures 1-3 and 13-15) .
• Recess 151 is shaped to matingly receive detent 142 therein to securely hold lock pin 16 in opening 50. Accordingly, recess 151 includes an arcuate bottom surface 153 in engagement with corner 146 during use. The engaged sloped surfaces 146, 153 enable the retraction of detent 142 from recess 151 when pin 16 is driven from opening 50.
• Lug 28b further defines a beveled surface 159 along its upper end which slopes forward and outward ( Figures 3 and 13-15) .
• Bevel 159 functions to ease the entry of the bottom portion 80 of pin 16 into the narrowed opening portion 50b during insertion of pin 16 into opening 50. Bevel 159 also acts to ease retraction of detent 142 in removal of pin 16 from opening 50.
• point 12 is slipped over adapter nose 18 such that the nose is matingly received into socket 42 ( Figures 12-15) . Lugs 28a, 28b are received partially into keyway 20. Once point 12 is placed fully onto adapter nose 18, the bottom 80 of lock pin 16 is placed into the upper region of opening 50.
• pin 16 can be placed essentially vertically into opening 50 a considerable distance prior to having to strike the pin ( Figure 13) . Narrowed opening portion 50a matingly receives the pin and holds it for striking.
• the tight fitting locking constructions of the prior art have required an individual to manually hold the pin while striking it with a sledge hammer.
• the present invention eliminates the need to manually hold the pin because the end 80 of pin 16 passes freely into opening 50a sufficiently to stabilize the pin before hammering is required.
• top face 84 of pin 16 is struck repeatedly with a sledge hammer or the like to drive pin 16 farther into opening 50.
• Tapered section 129 of protrusion 58 abuts against the upper edge of boss 155a to gradually compress elastomer 56 into casing 54 as the pin is driven downward.
• Elastomer 56 will be compressed as it travels through opening portion 50a until the outer surface of plate 125 is flush with front wall 67 of pin 16.
• Tapered segment 82 engages ledge 22 as the pin in driven downward and gradually moves the point rearward, as necessary, to make room for the full depth of pin 16.
• chamfer 83a engages bevel 159 so that pin 16 is guided smoothly into opening portion 50b ( Figure 14) .
• arcuate bottom corner 146 of detent 142 engages an upper beveled corner 161 of lug 28a to ease the compression of locking elastomer 57 and retraction of detent 142.
• Detent 142 will retract completely into gap 111 as it passes over inner face 48a of lug 28a.
• plate 125 is positioned to press against ledge 22 of adapter nose 18 to ensure a tight engagement of point 12 on the nose.
• Elastomer 56 is illustrated in Figure 15 in its most compressed position. In this position, ledge 22 is engaged by front wall 67 (i.e., portion 67a) as well as plate 125. Over- compression of elastomer 56 is thereby precluded by the presence of rigid casing 54. This construction therefore provides a certain level of protection for elastomer 56. As the parts begin to wear, the point fits more loosely on the adapter nose. Under these conditions, the point is pressed farther onto the nose such that ledge 22 is located forwardly of bosses 155a, 155b. Elastomer 56 then expands outward so that plate 125 continues to abut against ledge 22. This expansion can occur until elastomer 56 reaches its maximum expansion.
• detent 142 is snapped into recess 151 defined in lug 28a.
• Rigid casing 54 substantially encapsulates elastomer 57 to isolate and shield it from heavy loading forces applied to the point. The prospect of overloading and causing the premature failure of elastomer 57 is therefore avoided.
• This separate locking construction virtually eliminates the risk of experiencing an unintended loss of the pin.
• tightening elastomer 56 completely fails due to overloading or wearing, the combination of securing casing 54 in opening portions 50a, 50b and the receiving detent 142 in
• pin 16 is struck again on top face 84 to drive the pin downward.
• a pointed tool is used in combination with a sledge hammer to drive the pin from opening 50.
• Arcuate corner 146 of detent 142 slides along the sloped bottom 153 of recess 151 to compress elastomer 57 and retract detent 142.
• detent 142 will retract completely within gap 111 as it passes over inner face 48a.
• detent 142 will also be retracted by bevel 159 for passage over inner face 48b.
• a tooth 170 in an alternative embodiment of the present invention ( Figures 16-20) , includes a point 172, an adapter 174 and a modified locking pin 16' .
• Tooth 170 preferably has a construction similar to the tooth disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,231,173 to Davis, which is incorporated herein by reference. Nevertheless, other center locking teeth constructions could be used.
• Lock pin 16' has essentially the same construction as pin 16, except that arm 72 is preferably omitted and the casing 54 preferably has a straight configuration ( Figures 16 and 19) .
• arm 72 was designed to extend between lugs 28a, 28b and side wall 24. Since this arrangement is absent in the center locking tooth, arm 72 is omitted. Nevertheless, a slot could be defined in the point and the adapter nose to accommodate the use of an arm.
• the side walls defining the aligned central openings prevent unwanted turning of the pin.
• the same reference numerals as were used to describe pin 16 — with the addition of a prime — will be used in connection with pin 16' .
• Adapter 174 includes a shank (not shown) adapted to be secured to the front lip of a bucket (not shown) ( Figures 16-18) .
• Adapter 174 further includes a forwardly projecting nose 176 having a conical portion 178 and a distal box portion 180.
• Adapter 174 defines a top recess 182, a bottom recess 183, and a pair of side recesses 184, 185.
• a bore 186 having a generally rectangular shape is defined to extend through the adapter nose and open in the top and bottom recesses 182, 183.
• Point 172 includes a front digging edge 188 and a rear end 190 defining a rearwardly opening socket 191 shaped to matingly receive adapter nose 176.
• a top ear 192, a bottom ear 193, and a pair of side ears 194, 195 extend rearwardly from rear end 190.
• top ear 192 is received in top recess 182
• bottom ear 193 is received within bottom recess 183
• side ears 194, 195 are received within side recesses 184, 185.
• Top and bottom ears 192, 193 each define an aperture 196a, 196b which is aligned with the other.
• apertures 196a, 196b are substantially aligned with bore 186 in nose 176 to define a pin opening 198.
• the rear face 201a of aperture 196a in top ear 192 additionally defines a recess 203 adapted to matingly receive detent 142' of pin 16' .
• pin 16' is received into opening 198 such that the bottom and top portions 80', 86' of casing 54' are matingly received into apertures 196a, 196b of point 172.
• lock pin 16' is held independently of the longitudinal position of point 12 on adapter nose 176.
• Protrusion 58' engages and presses against the front wall 205 of bore 186 to tighten the connection of the point on the adapter nose.
• Elastomer 57' presses detent 142' into recess 203 to independently secure pin 16' to point 172. This construction provides the same protection against pin loss as discussed above in regard to tooth 10.
• Pin 16' can also be used in conjunction with an excavating tooth 170' having a side locking construction ( Figure 21) .
• tooth 170' is comprised of a point 172', an adapter 174' and a lock pin 16' .
• the point and adapter of tooth 170' have essentially the same shape as the point and adapter of tooth 170, except for the formation of the apertures adapted to receive the lock pin.
• pin 16' could be used with other teeth having different side locking constructions.
• the same reference numerals with the addition of a prime have been used to designate like parts of the point and adapter.
• the lock pin 16' used with this embodiment is the same as used with tooth 170.
• adapter 174' includes a forwardly projecting nose 176' having a conical portion 178' and a box portion 180' .
• Adapter nose 176' further defines a top recess 182', a bottom recess (not shown) , and two side recesses 184' (only one of which is shown) .
• Nose 176' further includes a horizontal opening 186' (i.e., parallel with the bucket lip) sized and shaped to receive lock pin 16' . Consequently, opening 186' is positioned to open in the side recesses 184' , rather than the top and bottom recesses as with point 170.
• Point 172' includes a front digging edge 188' and a rearwardly opening socket 191' adapted to mating receive therein adapter nose 176' .
• Point 172' further includes an ear 192' -195' along each of the top, bottom and side walls of the point (only two ears 192', 194' are shown) .
• Ears 192'-195' are matingly received,, into the corresponding recesses of adapter nose 176' .
• Openings 196a', 196b' are defined in side ears 194', 195' (only 194' is shown) such that they are aligned with each other.
• the rear face 201a' of opening 196a' defines a locking recess 203' adapted to matingly receive detent 142' of pin 16' .
• openings 196a', 196b' are substantially aligned with opening 186' .
• Pin 16' is driven into the aligned openings 186', 196a', 196b' so that first protrusion 58' resiliently engages front wall 205' of nose 176' and the ends of casing 54' are matingly received in openings 196a', 196b' .
• detent 142' of second protrusion 59' is received into recess 203' to secure pin 16' to point 172' .
• this construction alleviates pin loss in the same way as discussed above for the earlier embodiments .
• a tooth 10' is comprised of a point 12', an adapter 14 and a lock pin 16'' .
• the adapter in this tooth has the same construction as in tooth 10; hence, the same reference numerals are used.
• Point 12' is substantially the same as point 12; hence the same reference numerals with the addition of a prime have been used to designate like parts.
• Lock pin 16'' is substantially the same as lock pin 16; hence, the same reference numerals with the addition of a double prime have been used to designate like parts .
• lock pin 16'' preferably includes a few structural variations with respect to pin 16.
• casing 54'' has a linear configuration similar to pin 16' .
• arm 72' ' has a rectangular configuration with inner and outer sides 77', 207 abutting nose 18 and lugs 28a', 28b', respectively.
• First protrusion 58'' has an arcuate convex configuration which engages against ledge 22 of nose 18. Despite these changes, these elements of pin 16'' could have the same configurations as pin 16.
• lock pin 16'' includes a pair of locking elastomers 210a, 210b.
• Elastomers 210a, 210b each have a central body portion 212a, 212b and a pair of oppositely projecting extension portions 213a, 213b, 214a, 214b.
• Rigid detents 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b are bonded or otherwise secured to the ends of extension portions 213a, 214a, 213b, 214b to form a plurality of the locking protrusions 222a, 222b, 223a, 223b.
• locking protrusions 223a, 223b extend rearwardly through gaps Ilia, 111b defined in rear wall 64'' of casing 54'' for mating receipt of detents 218a, 218b within recesses 151a, 151b.
• Locking protrusions 222a, 222b extend forwardly through gaps 219a, 219b in front wall 67'' of casing 54'' so that detents 217a, 217b engage recesses 221a, 221b defined along the outer edges of bosses 155a' , 155b' .
• Recesses 221a, 221b do not fully encapsulate detents 217a, 217b in the same way as recesses 151a, 151b enclose detents 218a, 218b. Instead, the outer portions of detents 217a, 217b are left open so that the broad arcuate transition portions 149a' , 149b' remain undisturbed. Detents 217a, 217b therefore cooperate to grip bosses 155a' , 155b'
• one or more locking elastomers may be used.
• the locking elastomers may cooperate with detents to form locking protrusions which extend forwardly, rearwardly, transversely or in a combination of these directions.
• the shapes of the casings and elastomers may of course be varied.
• lock pin 16' ' may also be used to assemble center locking teeth 170 and side locking teeth 170' . In these arrangements, the points 172, 172' define additional locking recesses to receive each of the projecting detents.
• a tooth 10'' is comprised of a point 12'', an adapter 14 and a lock pin 230.
• the adapter in this tooth has the same construction as in tooth 10; hence, the same reference numerals are used.
• Point 12'' is substantially the same as point 12; hence the same reference numerals with the addition of a double prime have been used to designate like parts.
• Lock pin 230 is particularly adapted for smaller sized pins, wherein a sufficiently sized separate locking elastomer is not feasible. Nevertheless, pin 230 would also have applicability in larger sizes of teeth.
• Lock pin 230 is comprised of a rigid casing 232 and a single elastomeric member 234.
• Elastomer 234 is received within a pocket 254 defined in casing 232.
• Elastomer 234 includes a forwardly extending tightening portion 236 and a rearwardly extending locking portion 237.
• a rigid plate 261 is bonded or otherwise secured to tightening portion 236 of elastomer 234 to define a first protrusion 238 which projects forwardly to resiliently abut against ledge 22 of adapter nose 18.
• a rigid detent 263 is bonded or otherwise secured to locking portion 237 to define a second protrusion 239.
• Second protrusion 239 is -adapted for mating receipt within a gap 240 defined between lugs 28a'' , 28b' ' to secure pin 230 to point 12' ' .
• Protrusions 238, 239 therefore extend in opposite directions and are independently depressible. This independent action of the protrusions functions to reduce the likelihood of pin loss due to overloading, jacking forces or wear to the adapter nose.
• the independently depressible nature of the rear protrusion provides a secure locking function to alleviate unintended pin loss, isolates the rear protrusion from the front protrusion to lessen the effects of heavy loading, and enhances the mating receipt of the pin's rigid casing in the pin opening of the point to securely lock the pin to the point even when assembled on a worn and loose fitting adapter nose.
• Casing 232 is an elongated rigid member preferably composed of a rigid metallic material.
• Casing 232 preferably has a slightly arcuate configuration, such that front wall 241 has a convex shape and rear walls 243, 244 have a concave shape.
• the arcuate shape of pin 230 permits it to be used with current points.
• Casing 232 could however be formed with a linear shape.
• Casing 232 has a body 249 and an arm 250 which projects rearwardly along the inner side 252 of casing 232.
• Arm 250 preferably has a hook-like configuration which includes an inner face 251 and an end face 253.
• Arm 250 extends between nose 18 and lugs 28a' ' , 28b' ' such that inner face 251 engages side wall 24 of keyway 20 and end face 253 engages inner faces 74a' ' , 74b' ' of lugs 28a' ' , 28b' ' .
• Arm 250 thereby stabilizes pin 230 against unwanted turning and prevents the erroneous insertion of pin 230 into the defined pin opening 50'' .
• the top and bottom ends 247, 248 of casing 232 each have a generally block-like construction defined by a front wall 241, a rear wall 243 and side walls 245, 246.
• a flat striking wall 242 is formed at the top 247 of casing 232.
• Small chamfers 265- 267 are defined along the bottom end 248 of casing 232 to facilitate easy insertion of pin 230 into opening 50'' .
• Chamfer 265 further engages the upper end of ledge 22 during the pin's insertion to shift, as necessary, point 12' ' farther onto adapter nose 18.
• Chamfer 266 further engages the corner of lug 28b'' to ease the passage of bottom end 248 between rear wall 38' ' and lug 28b' ' .
• Chamfers 265-267 may be formed larger if deemed necessary for the particular operation.
• Pocket ends 254a, 254b of pocket 254 are adapted to hold elastomer 234.
• the medial portion of front wall 241 includes a reduced portion 241a which defines an opening 256 through which first protrusion 238 projects.
• Wall portion 241a extends along side of protrusion 238 so that wall 241a engages ledge 22 of nose 18 at a certain point of elastomer compression.
• Wall portion 241a thereby protects tightening portion 236 of elastomer 234 from undue compression.
• Figure 26 illustrates the elastomer 234 at a point of maximum compression. As adapter nose 18 wears, point 12'' will be mounted farther onto the nose. Under these circumstances protrusion 238 will expand to maintain engagement with ledge 22.
• Plate 261 of protrusion 238 preferably has a central segment 261a to engage ledge 22 and a pair of receding end segments 261b, 261c. End segments 261b, 261c are tapered to permit easy retraction of protrusion 238 into casing 232 as the pin is driven into and out of opening 50'' .
• Rear wall 243 of casing 232 likewise defines an opening 257 through which locking protrusion 239 projects.
• Detent 263 of protrusion 239 has a generally C-shaped configuration. Ends 263a, 263b of detent 263 are abuttingly engaged against ends 264a, 264b of lugs 28a'', 28b'' . Ends 263a, 263b of the detent are rounded to ease the compression of locking portion 237 and the retraction of detent 263 during insertion and removal of the pin. Angled portions could be used in place of rounded ends. Since significant levels of pressure are not applied to second protrusion 239 during use, over compression of locking portion 237 of elastomer 234 is not an issue. As seen in Figure 27, arm 250 limits the outward extension of detent 263 to ensure that ends 263a, 263b of the rigid detent remain in contact with both casing 232 and lugs 28a' ' , 28b' ' .
• Elastomer 234 is preferably flexed and "popped" into pocket 254 during manufacture of the pin. The elastomer could however be bonded along the inner rear face 272 of pocket 254.
• Elastomer 234 is composed of a relatively strong and durable resilient material, such as polyurethane or rubber. Of course other suitable materials could be used.
• elastomer 234 may, but need not, include internal bores 259 to enhance its resiliency. Bores 259 may be closed if desired.
• first protrusion 238 resiliently presses against ledge 22 of adapter nose 18 to tighten the connection of point 12'' onto the nose.
• Detent 263 of second protrusion 239 is matingly fit between the opposed ends 264a, 264b of lugs 28a' ' and 28b' ' , respectively.
• detent 263 engages lugs 28a' ' , 28b' ' to securely hold pin 230 to point 12' ' .
• This independent locking of pin 230 to the point reduces the risk of pin loss due to overloading of tightening portion 236, jacking forces or wear to the adapter nose.
• pin 230 is held by point 12'', irrespective of the longitudinal position of point 12'' on adapter nose 18.
• bosses 155a'', 155b'' are formed on rear wall 38' ' to define narrowed opening portions 50a' ' , 50b' ' which matingly receive and hold top and bottom ends 247, 248 of casing 232.
• Casing 232 is held between lugs 28a'', 28b'' and rear wall 38'' such that front wall 241 is engaged by bosses 155a' ' , 155b' ' and rear wall 243 is engaged by inner faces 48a' ' , 48b' ' of the lugs.
• Bosses 155a' ' , 155b' ' are offset from the top and bottom ends of ear 44'' in order to avoid disturbing the broad arcuate transition portions 149a' ' , 149b' ' connecting ear 44' ' to top and bottom walls 34' ' , 35' ' .
• the pin therefore moves integrally with the point and thus reduces the likelihood of ejecting the pin due to jacking forces or wear to the adapter nose.
• the locking receipt of detent 263 in gap 240 further acts to securely hold pin 230 to the point and avoid unwanted loss of the pin.
• adapter nose 18 is matingly received into socket 42'' .
• Pin 230 is manually set into opening 50'' so that the bottom 248 of casing 232 is matingly held in reduced portion 50a' ' .
• protrusion 238 will be retracted by boss 155a' ' and protrusion 239 will be retracted by lug 28a' ' .
• protrusions pass over boss 155a' ' and lug 28a' ' (or boss 155b' ' and lug 28b' ' during removal) they are completely retracted into casing 232.
• pin 230 reaches its desired position, protrusion 238 expands to engage ledge 22 and protrusion 239 snaps into gap 240.
• Pin 230 may also be used in connection with a tooth having a center locking construction ( Figure 30) or a side locking construction (not shown) , such as teeth 170, 170' .
• first protrusion 238 resiliently presses against the front wall 205 of opening 186 defined in adapter nose 18.
• Detent 263 is received into a gap 274 defined between the opposed outside ends 275 of top and bottom ears 192, 193 of the point. (The gap would be defined between the side ears 184' in a side locking tooth.)
• Opening 186 is formed of sufficient depth to accommodate the rearward extension of detent 263 into gap 274.
• the top and bottom ends 247, 248 of casing 232 are matingly received and held in openings 196a, 196b in ears 192, 193.
• arm 250 of pin 230 is preferably omitted.

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• 1994
  • 1994-02-02 DK DK94907947T patent/DK0681630T3/da active
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• 1995
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• 1998
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• 2001
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