WO1994015659A1 - Contacteur a film d'enrichissement au gaz basse pression - Google Patents

Contacteur a film d'enrichissement au gaz basse pression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994015659A1
WO1994015659A1 PCT/CA1994/000014 CA9400014W WO9415659A1 WO 1994015659 A1 WO1994015659 A1 WO 1994015659A1 CA 9400014 W CA9400014 W CA 9400014W WO 9415659 A1 WO9415659 A1 WO 9415659A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
housing
gas
spray
spray orifice
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA1994/000014
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Richard Williams
Original Assignee
Lifetech Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/001,630 external-priority patent/US5366696A/en
Application filed by Lifetech Corporation filed Critical Lifetech Corporation
Priority to JP6515556A priority Critical patent/JPH08505807A/ja
Priority to EP94904538A priority patent/EP0678037A1/fr
Priority to AU58553/94A priority patent/AU5855394A/en
Publication of WO1994015659A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994015659A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/32—Oxygenators without membranes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/104—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body
    • A61M60/109—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems
    • A61M60/113—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems in other functional devices, e.g. dialysers or heart-lung machines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/211—Non-positive displacement blood pumps using a jet, venturi or entrainment effect for pumping the blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/30—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output
    • A61M60/36—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output for specific blood treatment; for specific therapy
    • A61M60/38—Blood oxygenation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0216—Ozone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/50—Details relating to control
    • A61M60/508—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation
    • A61M60/577—High-frequency driving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/03—Heart-lung

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas/liquid contact apparatus, for example, for oxygenating human blood. It is to be understood that the invention may also be used for contacting other gases and liquids.
  • Oxygen is an allotropic element, the most common of which is the di-atomic form (0 2 ) .
  • Ozone (0 3 ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 0 2 ) are forms of the gas that occur naturally and that can also be produced artificially. However, they are both unstable.
  • ozone gas and singlet oxygen gas for the treatment of blood and human tissue.
  • ozone has been found effective against various viruses and fungi, and to inactivate a wide variety of bacteria including Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
  • the administration of ozone is also thought to have beneficial effects on a person's health in general by way of stimulating oxygen metabolism. Studies of the effects of treatment using singlet oxygen indicate similar or even more dramatic effects. It has also been shown that the administration of ozone and singlet oxygen to a healthy person, through direct inhalation, can be beneficial.
  • ozone and singlet oxygen are very important use in the sterilization of blood, for example, blood for transfusion.
  • blood for example, blood for transfusion.
  • ozone and singlet oxygen it is possible to deactivate a variety of potential viral contaminants of blood, including HIV-1 and Hepatitis.
  • ozone and singlet oxygen directly to diseased tissue.
  • the ozone and singlet oxygen may first be introduced to a carrier liquid such as USP water or blood, and then the carrier liquid may be introduced to the diseased tissue or into a person's bloodstream, as appropriate. Blood may be drawn from the person treated and then infused or injected back into the person.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a gas/liquid contact apparatus and method that address the problems of prior art oxygenators.
  • a further aim is to provide an apparatus and method that may be used for contacting other gases and liquids.
  • a gas/liquid contact apparatus in accordance with the invention includes a chamber and fluid delivery means within the chamber having a spray orifice.
  • the fluid delivery means includes a low pressure gas supply conduit extending to the orifice and liquid supply means communicating with the gas supply conduit upstream of the orifice.
  • the fluid delivery means is adapted to cause liquid to be induced into and contacted with a gas stream flowing in the conduit and to issue from the orifice as a dispersed low pressure spray of liquid droplets.
  • the apparatus also includes a film forming surface located within the chamber in the path of the spray of liquid droplets. The surface has a significant extent laterally of the orifice providing a substantial surface area for forming a film.
  • the surface is relatively flat or slightly concave and is spaced from the spray orifice a distance selected so that the droplets impinge on the surface at relatively low velocity and form a film, for further contact with the gas.
  • a corresponding method is also provided. It will be appreciated that, in the method and apparatus of the invention, there are essentially two gas/liquid contact zones. First contact occurs as the liquid is induced into the gas stream in the fluid delivery means. The liquid droplets are then sprayed onto the film forming surface and form a film, providing further opportunity for contact with the gas. Accordingly, it is believed that, for example, in the field of blood treatment, the method and apparatus of the invention will provide for efficient oxygenation of the blood. The fact that the liquid issues from the spray orifice as a dispersed low-pressure spray of liquid droplets and that the droplets then impinge on the film forming surface at relatively low velocity, avoids the destructive effects that have occurred with prior art blood oxygenators.
  • the apparatus of the invention may be designed to operate on either a "one pass” or “recirculation” basis.
  • a one pass apparatus blood is continuously delivered to and withdrawn from the apparatus and is treated only during the time that it passes through the apparatus.
  • This type of arrangement may be suitable, for example, for treating blood as part of a sterilization program in a blood transfusion service. Blood may be transferred "bag-to-bag” with the apparatus located between the two bags for treating the blood as it flows from one to the other.
  • the blood is essentially treated on a "batch" basis.
  • a measured quantity of blood is introduced into the apparatus and treated for a selected period of time, following which the apparatus is emptied and the blood used.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view through a so-called “nebulizer” forming part of the prior art; Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are similar views through blood oxygenators in accordance with the invention; Figs. 2 and 4 show "one pass” type oxygenators, while Fig. 3 shows a recirculation type. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
  • the nebulizer shown in Fig. 1 is typically used in an inhaler used to introduce certain types of medicine into the lungs of a patient by inhalation.
  • the nebulizer 10 comprises a main chamber 12 that is adapted to hold a quantity of liquid medicine 14.
  • the main chamber 12 is closed off by a cap member 16.
  • a floor 18 At the opposite end thereof is a floor 18 with an oxygen inlet 20 extending therethrough, and that is adapted to allow for the flow of oxygen into ihe main chamber 12 as shown by arrow "A".
  • the oxygen inlet 20 has a gas introduction orifice 22 in the end portion 24 thereof.
  • a removable channelling member 26 is located within the main chamber 12, and defines an annular passageway 28 for the liquid medicine 14 to reach the gas introduction orifice 22 as shown by arrows "B".
  • the horizontally oriented base portion 30 of the channelling member 26 has a plurality of small feet 32 depending therefrom, which feet 32 raise the level of the base portion 30 above the floor 18 of the main chamber 12, so as to allow the liquid medicine 14 to reach the annular passageway 28.
  • Nebulizers such as that shown in Fig. 1 are unsuitable for treating blood because of the "destructive" effect on the blood that would result from the blood being directed against the impact member 38.
  • the liquid carried by the flow of oxygen impacts quite strongly on the impact member 38, causing foaming and bubbling. Further, such high impact can readily cause damage to the cell walls of the red blood cells. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of an oxygenation apparatus of the present invention in use.
  • the oxygenation apparatus is denoted 40 and is used to introduce oxygen gas into a carrier liquid 42 in a one-pass operation.
  • the oxygenation apparatus 40 comprises a receiving chamber 44 for receiving the carrier liquid 42 therein and a carrier liquid inlet 46 for introducing the carrier liquid 42 to be oxygenated into the receiving chamber 44.
  • the carrier liquid 42 can be introduced through the carrier liquid inlet 46 on a continuous basis or in discrete amounts.
  • the carrier liquid 42 collects in the bottom 48 of the receiving chamber 44.
  • the receiving chamber 44 is a contacting chamber 50 that allows for oxygen gas molecules to thoroughly contact the carrier liquid 42, in a manner that will be described in greater detail subsequently.
  • the contacting chamber 50 has a generally concave top portion 51 that is thereby adapted to receive a spray of carrier liquid 42, as will be described subsequently.
  • the separating partition 53 is adapted to substantially physically separate the receiving chamber 44 and the contacting chamber from each other. In this manner, oxygenated carrier liquid 54 in the contacting chamber 50 is a precluded from returning to the receiving chamber 44, thereby allowing the oxygenation apparatus 40 of the present invention to provide a one-pass type operation.
  • the separating partition 53 preferably slopes downwardly to allow the oxygenated carrier liquid 54 to flow therealong to an oxygenated carrier liquid outlet 56 that allows the oxygenated carrier liquid 54 to exit from the contacting chamber 50.
  • the oxygenated carrier liquid outlet 56 is attached to a standard receptacle (not shown) of a type that is suitable for collecting the oxygenated carrier liquid 54. Extending upwardly from a top portion of the oxygenated carrier liquid outlet 56 is a one-way oxygen gas vent 58 for allowing any of the oxygen gas molecules that have passed into the contacting chamber 50 to vent to the ambient surroundings.
  • an oxygen gas inlet 60 for introducing oxygen gas molecules into the oxygenation apparatus 40.
  • the oxygen gas molecules are introduced at a gas pressure slightly above the ambient surrounding air pressure — typically in the order of a few inches of H 2 0 gauge pressure — so as to cause a flow of the oxygen gas molecules from the oxygen gas inlet 60 into the contacting chamber 50 and then out of the contacting chamber 50 through the oxygenated carrier liquid outlet 56.
  • the gas pressure within the contacting chamber 50 is at a level between the gas - 1 -
  • the end portion 62 of the oxygen gas inlet 60 has a gas introduction orifice 64 therein, which is fairly small in diameter — perhaps about 0.5 mm — and is thereby adapted to cause a jet of oxygen gas molecules to be emitted therefrom.
  • An annular wall member 70 extends downwardly from the separating partition 53 to within a small distance — perhaps about 1.0 mm or even less — from the bottom 48 of the receiving chamber 44.
  • the separating partition 53 is extended upwardly at the annular wall member 70 so as to allow the top end 72 of the annular wall member 70 to be generally above the level of the rest of the separating partition 53.
  • the top end 72 of the annular wall member 70 terminates in a flow restricting portion 74 that has a spray orifice 76 centrally located therein.
  • the spray orifice 76 is preferably about 1.0 mm in diameter.
  • the spray orifice 76 should be larger in diameter than the gas introduction orifice 64 so as to allow all of the gas emitted from the gas introduction orifice 64 to pass through the spray orifice 76 without impinging on the flow restricting portion 74.
  • the annular wall member 70 encircles and substantially covers the oxygen gas inlet 60 and defines a passageway 80 around the oxygen gas inlet 60.
  • the passageway 80 is oriented so as to extend substantially vertically upwardly and has a first end 82 located at the bottom thereof and a second end 84 located at the top thereof.
  • the passageway 80 connects at the first end 82 thereof to the receiving chamber 44 in fluid communication with the space 86 that is located between the gas introduction orifice 64 and the spray orifice 76 at the second end 84 thereof.
  • oxygen gas molecules are fed into the oxygen gas inlet 60 at a pressure that is slightly above ambient pressure.
  • the carrier liquid 42 Once the carrier liquid 42 reaches this space 86, it is impacted by the jet of oxygen gas molecules exiting the gas oxygen inlet through the gas introduction orifice 64. The carrier liquid 42 is thereby sprayed through the spray orifice 76 into the separating partition 53. Resultingly, the oxygen gas molecules thoroughly contact the carrier liquid 42 so as to thereby oxygenate the carrier liquid 42.
  • the spray of oxygen gas molecules and carrier liquid 42 typically impacts on the generally concave top portion 51 of the contacting chamber 50, so as to cause increased contact of the oxygen gas molecules and the carrier liquid 42.
  • the top portion 51 is preferably at a distance "E" from the spray orifice 76 that is sufficient to cause the spray of carrier liquid 42 from the spray orifice 76 to slow down considerably so as to significantly reduce the impact of the carrier liquid 42 on the top portion 51.
  • the carrier liquid 42 then either drips off the top portion 51 of the contacting chamber 50 or flows down the inner walls 52 of the contacting chamber 50, and collects on the separating partition 53.
  • the spray orifice 76 is located substantially above the level of the rest of the separating partition 53 so as to maintain any volume of oxygenated carrier liquid 54 on the separating partition 53 below the level of said spray orifice 76, and thereby preclude any oxygenated carrier liquid 54 from entering the spray orifice 76 and subsequently mixing with the untreated carrier liquid 42 therebelo .
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is a gas/liquid contact apparatus that includes means 120 defining a chamber, fluid delivery means 122 within the chamber having a spray orifice 124 and including a low pressure gas supply conduit 126 extending to the orifice, and liquid supply means 128 communicating with the gas supply conduit 126 upstream of the orifice.
  • the fluid delivery means is adapted to cause liquid to be induced into and contacted with a gas stream flowing in the conduit 126 and to issue from the orifice 124 as a dispersed low-pressure spray of liquid droplets.
  • the apparatus also includes a film forming surface 130 located within the chamber in the path of the spray of liquid droplets.
  • the surface has a significant extent laterally of the orifice and is relatively flat or slightly concave and spaced from the spray orifice a distance selected so that the droplets impinge on the surface at relatively low velocity and form a film on the surface for further contact with the gas.
  • Fig. 3 shows a gas/liquid contact apparatus in the form of a blood oxygenator, of the recirculating type.
  • a quantity of blood is introduced into the apparatus, treated and then removed.
  • Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a "one-pass" type of apparatus that may be used for "bag-to-bag” treatment of blood.
  • the apparatus shown in each of Figs. 3 and 4 includes the same principal elements as the elements identified by reference numerals 120 to 130 in Fig. 2. Those same elements but with prime and double prime superscripts respectively will be used in Figs. 3 and 4 to denote the same elements.
  • the apparatus includes a housing 120' defining a chamber 132 for containing blood 134 to be oxygenated.
  • the housing is essentially cylindrical in shape and comprises a lower portion 136 made of a relatively rigid plastic material and a complimentary cap portion 138 that is made of a somewhat more resilient plastic material and that is capable of being snap-fitted over the lower housing portion 136 to provide a liquid-tight seal between the two portions.
  • the cap is also generally cylindrical and has a cylindrical sleeve 140 at the top which serves as an outlet to an ozone destruct unit in which excess ozone is disposed of.
  • a measured volume of blood to be treated is introduced into the lower housing portion 136, for example, by pipette after removing the cap 138. While the apparatus may be made in different sizes depending on the amount of blood to be treated, the particular example shown is designed for treating small amounts of blood, for example, as low as 5 or 10 ml. Treatment time may vary, e.g. from 45 seconds to 60 minutes.
  • conduit 126' is a simple plastic tube that is fitted into the bottom wall of the lower housing portion 136 so as to extend vertically upwardly inside the housing generally on its longitudinal axis.
  • the tube has an internal passageway 142 provided with a restriction 144 at its upper end so that the gas leaves the conduit through a restricted opening 146.
  • Liquid supply means 128' of the apparatus is provided by a sleeve 148 that concentrically surrounds the portion of the gas supply conduit 126' within chamber 132.
  • a transverse wall 150 at the top of sleeve 148 is provided with an opening 152 that is aligned with the restricted opening 146 of gas supply conduit 126' and that provides the spray orifice 124' of the apparatus.
  • Sleeve 148 is supported at its lower end by an outwardly directed flange 154 that is supported generally parallel to and at a spacing above the bottom wall of housing 136 by a series of "feet" 155 that are spaced around the perimeter of the flange so as to allow unrestricted entry of blood to the interior of sleeve 148.
  • feet a series of "feet" 155 that are spaced around the perimeter of the flange so as to allow unrestricted entry of blood to the interior of sleeve 148.
  • the dotted line denoted 156 indicates a maximum recommended blood level within the housing. The blood level should never be above the upper end of sleeve 148, otherwise excessive bubbling and foaming will occur in use.
  • conduit 126 ' When oxygen is introduced through conduit 126 ' , the restriction 144 at the upper end of the conduit acts like a venturi, causing the velocity of the gas leaving the conduit to increase, and forming a low pressure zone between the conduit opening and the spray orifice 124 ' . This will cause liquid to be induced into the gas stream, providing for a first area of contact between the oxygen and the blood.
  • the film forming surface 130' of the apparatus is provided by the underside of a dome-shaped member 158 that is supported within the cap 138 by plastic webs indicated at 160.
  • the surface is located within the chamber in the path of the spray of liquid droplets from spray nozzle 124 ' and has a significant extent laterally of the orifice.
  • the dome-shaped member is circular in plan to match the cylindrical configuration of the housing 136. The diameter of the dome-shaped member is slightly less than the internal diameter of the housing to allow an annular gap 162 through which excess oxygen (probably including ozone) can escape to outlet 140.
  • the film forming surface 130' is spaced from the spray orifice 124 ' a distance selected so that the droplets impinge on the surface at relatively low velocity and form a film on the surface for further contact with the gas.
  • the dome shape of the surf ce tends to cause the droplets that form on the surface to migrate outwardly towards the perimeter of the dome-shaped member , where they can fall back into the lower portion of the housing. It is desirable to avoid droplets falling onto the spray orifice 124 ' because of the possible destructive effect on the blood cells that could result from direct impingement thereon of the gas stream from conduit 126 ' .
  • a gas delivery pressure in the range 0.5 to 4 psi is believed to be appropriate.
  • a prior art nebulizer of the form shown in Fig. 1 might require a pressure of 10 to 15 psi for effective operation.
  • the blood flow rate in the apparatus of the invention may be in the range 0.25 L/min to 5.0 L/min. Again, this compares with a flow rate of 5 L/min to 12 L/min for a prior art nebulizer.
  • the spacing between the spray orifice 124 ' and the highest point of the dome-shaped member 158 may be of the order of 12.5 mm, compared with a distance of about 0.2 mm between the impact member 38 and the nebulizing orifice 36 of the nebulizer shown in Fig. 1.
  • the diameter of the spray orifice 124' should be approximately 1.6 times the diameter of the diameter of the restricted opening 146 in the gas supply conduit.
  • the spray orifice may have a diameter of 0.91 mm and the opening 136 a diameter of 0.57 mm.
  • the oxygen supply to the apparatus will be medical grade and preferably will include both diatomic and triatomic oxygen (0 2 and 0 3 ) .
  • the relative concentrations of the two forms of oxygen will be adjusted as appropriate.
  • a "bag-to-bag” one-pass form of the apparatus is shown.
  • Blood to be treated is delivered through a tube 164 from a first blood bag (not shown) and treated blood is withdrawn through an outlet 166 and delivered to a receiving blood bag (also not shown).
  • the housing 120" defining the chamber 132" has a horizontal configuration, as compared with the vertical configuration of Fig. 3.
  • the housing is made of an appropriate plastic material has a dome-shaped wall 170 at one side that provides a concave film forming surface 130".
  • the fluid delivery means 122" has a spray orifice 124" that is laterally directed towards surface 130".
  • the orifice is not in fact located on the centre line of chamber 168 but is positioned to direct a spray against an upper portion of the concave film forming surface so that the droplets will form a film and gradually migrate down the surface by gravity; like the embodiment of Fig. 3, the droplets will not drip back onto the spray orifice.
  • the gas supply conduit 126" enters chamber 168 from above and has a laterally directed opening 172 that is also restricted and aligned with spray orifice 124" (again like the embodiment of Fig. 3).
  • the liquid supply means 128" is in this case defined by a housing 173 that forms an enclosure around the gas supply conduit opening 172, and in which the spray orifice 124" is formed.
  • the housing communicates with the blood inlet pipe 164.
  • Blood outlet pipe 166 communicates with an opening 174 at the bottom of the end wall of housing 168 remote from the film forming surface 130".
  • a vent pipe 176 extends upwardly from tube 166 and has an outlet 178 through which excess gas is delivered to an ozone destruct unit.
  • FIG. 4 operates in essentially similar fashion to the previous embodiments.
  • An 0 2 /0 3 gas mixture is introduced through conduit 126" at relatively low pressure and induces blood from tube 164, which is then sprayed as droplets through orifice 124".
  • a first gas/blood contact zone is established at the point of liquid induction.
  • the liquid droplets from spray orifice 124" impinge at relatively low velocity on surface 130" and form a film on that surface, permitting further contact with gas within chamber 168.
  • the gas pressure may in the range 0.5 to 4 psi.
  • liquid could be conducted directly into the restricted opening at the inner end of the gas supply conduit (e.g. the opening 146 in Fig. 3) in which case the outer end of that opening will also serve as the spray orifice of the fluid delivery means.
  • the film forming surface is slightly concave. In embodiments in which the surface is disposed above the spray orifice this is necessary in order to minimize the risk of droplets of liquid falling back onto the spray orifice. In an embodiment such as Fig. 4 in which the spray of liquid droplets is directly laterally onto the surface, the surface could be flat. In either event, the surface should have a significant extent laterally of the orifice so as to allow formation of a film on the surface.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de mise en contact de liquide et de gaz (40) servant, par exemple, à oxygéner du sang à l'aide d'O2 et d'O3. Un courant d'oxygène à basse pression est introduit dans une chambre (50) par un orifide de pulvérisation (76) alors que du sang est envoyé dans le courant d'oxygène, dans une première zone de contact sang/oxygène. Le sang sort de l'orifice de pulvérisation sous forme de gouttelettes dispersées à basse pression avant d'être envoyé contre une surface filmogène (130) en forme de dôme située dans la chambre, sur la trajectoire du jet. Les gouttelettes heurtent la surface à une vitesse relativement faible et forment un film afin de produire une autre zone de contact oxygène/sang. L'appareil selon l'invention peut être conçu pour fonctionner selon un mode de recirculation à une passe.
PCT/CA1994/000014 1993-01-07 1994-01-05 Contacteur a film d'enrichissement au gaz basse pression WO1994015659A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6515556A JPH08505807A (ja) 1993-01-07 1994-01-05 低圧ガス濃縮薄膜接触器具
EP94904538A EP0678037A1 (fr) 1993-01-07 1994-01-05 Contacteur a film d'enrichissement au gaz basse pression
AU58553/94A AU5855394A (en) 1993-01-07 1994-01-05 Low pressure gas enriching film contact apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US001,630 1993-01-07
US08/001,630 US5366696A (en) 1993-01-07 1993-01-07 Oxygenation apparatus for oxygenating a carrier liquid by spraying
US17300193A 1993-12-27 1993-12-27
US173,001 1993-12-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994015659A1 true WO1994015659A1 (fr) 1994-07-21

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ID=26669293

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1994/000014 WO1994015659A1 (fr) 1993-01-07 1994-01-05 Contacteur a film d'enrichissement au gaz basse pression

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5612226A (fr)
EP (1) EP0678037A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08505807A (fr)
AU (1) AU5855394A (fr)
CA (1) CA2153390A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994015659A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998015296A1 (fr) * 1996-10-09 1998-04-16 Lifetech Corporation Appareil et procede d'oxygenation de liquides biologiques

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Also Published As

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JPH08505807A (ja) 1996-06-25
EP0678037A1 (fr) 1995-10-25
CA2153390A1 (fr) 1994-07-21
US5612226A (en) 1997-03-18
AU5855394A (en) 1994-08-15

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