WO1994012728A1 - Construction method - Google Patents

Construction method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994012728A1
WO1994012728A1 PCT/FI1993/000497 FI9300497W WO9412728A1 WO 1994012728 A1 WO1994012728 A1 WO 1994012728A1 FI 9300497 W FI9300497 W FI 9300497W WO 9412728 A1 WO9412728 A1 WO 9412728A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arch
units
arc
prefabricated
built
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1993/000497
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jari Ruusunen
Original Assignee
Jari Ruusunen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jari Ruusunen filed Critical Jari Ruusunen
Priority to JP6512804A priority Critical patent/JPH08504009A/en
Priority to DE69310205T priority patent/DE69310205D1/en
Priority to EP94900829A priority patent/EP0670933B1/en
Publication of WO1994012728A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994012728A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D4/00—Arch-type bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
    • E04C3/44—Arched girders or portal frames of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/22—Masonry; Bricks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to building technology and it concerns a method of building arches and prefabricated units for use in the method.
  • An arch or vault is a supporting arc-like structure made of pieces and supported by end supports to span an open space and having a bearing capacity based mainly on bearing stresses. Arched constructions have been used for more than 2000 years. In known arch building methods a supporting bottom structure is first made and the arch pieces are then piled on top of it. Upon completion of the arch the suppor ⁇ ting bottom structure is removed.
  • the method is intended for building relatively large arches of an approximate minimum length of 5 metres.
  • the arch consists of at least three prefabricated units, but there are always considerably more units in practice, for example, no less than eight.
  • the units are preferably made of concrete or stone.
  • the prefabricated units are lowered into their positions in the arch to rest on end supports all at the same time by using one or several cranes.
  • the units are preferably first joined together into bigger arcs, wherein they are supported separately. It must hereby be made sure during hoisting that the units remain in the desired arc-like shape. This can be made, for example, with the aid of a hoisting beam in the direction of the arc, from which beam each unit is suspended with a rope of suitable length.
  • the units may also be attached suitably to each other to keep them in the shape of an arc during hoisting. They may be formed first, for example, into arch halves, which are then lowered into position using two cranes.
  • the arcs may be formed on a sui ⁇ table base shaped like an arc.
  • the prefabricated units are made with suitable means for securing them to the hoisting equipment.
  • the units are preferably of such a wedge-like shape that their meeting surfaces are pressed directly against each other in the completed arch structure.
  • wedge-shaped seams may also be made between the units, whereby different arcs can be made of similar units. Wedges of some kind can hereby be used between the units to set the units in the desired arc-like shape before seaming.
  • the weight of a prefabricated unit could be, for example, in the range of one ton.
  • the prefabricated units are preferably made of concrete, but other materials such as stone may also be used.
  • Figure 1 shows the manufacture of an arch structure to be used as a casting mould for the concrete arc
  • FIG. 2 shows the manufacture of an arch structure formed of prefabricated units to be filled by grouting
  • - Figure 3 shows the manufacture of a smaller arch structure formed of units to be filled by grouting
  • - Figure 4 shows a vaulted bridge for light traffic.
  • an arch structure is formed of prefabricated concrete units 2.1 resting on end supports for use as a casting mould for a concrete arc.
  • the units 2.1 are downwardly wedge-shaped, so that by placing them one after another the desired arch can be formed without needing any seaming material between them.
  • the units have walls 4 rising upwards at the side edges of the bottom
  • This arch structure has three arch units in parallel.
  • the unit size may be, for example, about 2x2 metres and the unit weight, for example, about 500 - 2000 kg.
  • Each arch 3 in this embodiment is made by lowering the arch halves 5 formed of units 2.1 both at the same time to rest on supports 1.
  • Hoisting beams 6 in the longitudinal direction of the arch are used as hoisting means, from which the units are suspended with the aid of ropes 7 of a suitable length, so that the arch half remains in the desired shape during hoisting.
  • the units can be attached to one another in a suitable way to prevent them from moving during the hoisting operation.
  • the units 2.1 For suspending, the units 2.1 have two holes 8.1 extending through the side walls 4 with bars 9 pushed through the holes. Ropes 7 are attached at the middle of the bars. Using the holes 8.1 it is possible to attach adjoining units 2.1 to one another, for example, by using a through- going bar. The structure is then braced also in the trans ⁇ verse direction.
  • the meeting ends of the arch halves 5 may also be attached together just before being lowered into their positions. In this way the ends are made to go immediately into their exact positions.
  • Such fastening may be temporary. It can be made, for example, with bolts, a steel bushing or slot joint .
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment where a light arch structure is first made of box-like units 2.2 resting on supports l. Thereafter concrete is cast into the elements to make a strong supporting arch. A hole 8.2 extends through the side walls 4 of the units
  • Each unit is suspended from a hoisting beam 6 with a rope 7.2 of suitable length.
  • holes 10 also extend through the side walls 4 of the units 2.2.
  • the units to be placed side by side in the structure can be attached to each other to form one arch unit. This is preferably done by using a bar, extending through the entire structure.
  • Holes 12 extend through the end walls 11 of the prefab ⁇ ricated units 2.2. From these the units can be mounted lightly to one another for hoisting, for example, using bolts.
  • the units 2.2 are first placed onto a suitably arc-like base 13, where they are joined together to form arch halves 5.
  • seaming may also be done on the arc-like base 13.
  • Figure 3 shows the manufacture of a similar structure as in Figure 2.
  • the entire arch is lowered into position using one hoisting beam 6.
  • This method is suitable for making lighter structures.
  • Figure 4 shows a bridge for light traffic formed of prefabricated units 2.3.
  • the units are similar to those in Figure 1.
  • they have railing units 14, which are joined together in the completed bridge and, for example, coated in a suitable manner to form a railing.
  • the arch structure can be made without any supporting bottom structures. To place the units into position one only needs such conventional hoisting equipment which is used normally on building sites.
  • the invention may of course also be applied for building arches having several criss-crossing arcs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method of building an arch, wherein the prefabricated arch units are lowered all at once to rest on end supports using a crane. No supporting bottom structures are used under the arch, which makes the method simple and cheap to implement.

Description

CONSTRUCTION METHOD.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to building technology and it concerns a method of building arches and prefabricated units for use in the method.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
An arch or vault is a supporting arc-like structure made of pieces and supported by end supports to span an open space and having a bearing capacity based mainly on bearing stresses. Arched constructions have been used for more than 2000 years. In known arch building methods a supporting bottom structure is first made and the arch pieces are then piled on top of it. Upon completion of the arch the suppor¬ ting bottom structure is removed.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that an arch can be built without using any supporting bottom structure when the arch units are placed to rest on end supports all at once using a crane.
The invention and some advantageous embodiments are de¬ fined in greater detail in the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method is intended for building relatively large arches of an approximate minimum length of 5 metres. The arch consists of at least three prefabricated units, but there are always considerably more units in practice, for example, no less than eight. The units are preferably made of concrete or stone.
The prefabricated units are lowered into their positions in the arch to rest on end supports all at the same time by using one or several cranes. When two or more cranes are used quite large arches can be built. The units are preferably first joined together into bigger arcs, wherein they are supported separately. It must hereby be made sure during hoisting that the units remain in the desired arc-like shape. This can be made, for example, with the aid of a hoisting beam in the direction of the arc, from which beam each unit is suspended with a rope of suitable length. The units may also be attached suitably to each other to keep them in the shape of an arc during hoisting. They may be formed first, for example, into arch halves, which are then lowered into position using two cranes. The arcs may be formed on a sui¬ table base shaped like an arc.
The prefabricated units are made with suitable means for securing them to the hoisting equipment. The units are preferably of such a wedge-like shape that their meeting surfaces are pressed directly against each other in the completed arch structure. However, wedge-shaped seams may also be made between the units, whereby different arcs can be made of similar units. Wedges of some kind can hereby be used between the units to set the units in the desired arc-like shape before seaming.
The weight of a prefabricated unit could be, for example, in the range of one ton.
The prefabricated units are preferably made of concrete, but other materials such as stone may also be used.
Some advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the following referring to examples. In the drawings of the description
- Figure 1 shows the manufacture of an arch structure to be used as a casting mould for the concrete arc,
- Figure 2 shows the manufacture of an arch structure formed of prefabricated units to be filled by grouting,
- Figure 3 shows the manufacture of a smaller arch structure formed of units to be filled by grouting, and - Figure 4 shows a vaulted bridge for light traffic.
In Figure 1 an arch structure is formed of prefabricated concrete units 2.1 resting on end supports for use as a casting mould for a concrete arc.
The units 2.1 are downwardly wedge-shaped, so that by placing them one after another the desired arch can be formed without needing any seaming material between them. The units have walls 4 rising upwards at the side edges of the bottom
3. This arch structure has three arch units in parallel. The unit size may be, for example, about 2x2 metres and the unit weight, for example, about 500 - 2000 kg.
Each arch 3 in this embodiment is made by lowering the arch halves 5 formed of units 2.1 both at the same time to rest on supports 1. Hoisting beams 6 in the longitudinal direction of the arch are used as hoisting means, from which the units are suspended with the aid of ropes 7 of a suitable length, so that the arch half remains in the desired shape during hoisting. In addition, the units can be attached to one another in a suitable way to prevent them from moving during the hoisting operation.
For suspending, the units 2.1 have two holes 8.1 extending through the side walls 4 with bars 9 pushed through the holes. Ropes 7 are attached at the middle of the bars. Using the holes 8.1 it is possible to attach adjoining units 2.1 to one another, for example, by using a through- going bar. The structure is then braced also in the trans¬ verse direction.
The meeting ends of the arch halves 5 may also be attached together just before being lowered into their positions. In this way the ends are made to go immediately into their exact positions. Such fastening may be temporary. It can be made, for example, with bolts, a steel bushing or slot joint .
Upon completing the arch structure it is reinforced in the required way and casting is performed.
Figure 2 shows an embodiment where a light arch structure is first made of box-like units 2.2 resting on supports l. Thereafter concrete is cast into the elements to make a strong supporting arch. A hole 8.2 extends through the side walls 4 of the units
2.2 at the centre, through the point of gravity, and a bar 9 is placed into the hole. Each unit is suspended from a hoisting beam 6 with a rope 7.2 of suitable length.
Other holes 10 also extend through the side walls 4 of the units 2.2. Using these the units to be placed side by side in the structure can be attached to each other to form one arch unit. This is preferably done by using a bar, extending through the entire structure. Holes 12 extend through the end walls 11 of the prefab¬ ricated units 2.2. From these the units can be mounted lightly to one another for hoisting, for example, using bolts. For hoisting, the units 2.2 are first placed onto a suitably arc-like base 13, where they are joined together to form arch halves 5.
If e.g. rectangular units are used wherein the surfaces do not come closely against one another in the completed arch structure, seaming may also be done on the arc-like base 13.
Figure 3 shows the manufacture of a similar structure as in Figure 2. Here, however, the entire arch is lowered into position using one hoisting beam 6. This method is suitable for making lighter structures. Figure 4 shows a bridge for light traffic formed of prefabricated units 2.3. In principle, the units are similar to those in Figure 1. In addition, they have railing units 14, which are joined together in the completed bridge and, for example, coated in a suitable manner to form a railing. According to the invention, the arch structure can be made without any supporting bottom structures. To place the units into position one only needs such conventional hoisting equipment which is used normally on building sites.
If desired, the invention may of course also be applied for building arches having several criss-crossing arcs.

Claims

1. Method of building an arch of prefabricated arc-like units resting on end supports, characterized in that the arch is built from at least three, preferably from at least about eight prefabricated units in such a way that the units are lowered all at the same time to rest on end supports using one or several cranes.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that before lowering the units into position they are formed into an arch or into arch components wherein there are no less than two, preferably no less than four arc-like units.
3. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that before being lowered into position the units of the arch or arch component are attached to one another.
4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that for being lowered into position the units of the arch or arch component are attached each one separately to the hoisting equipment of a crane.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 4, charac- terized in that the arch is built of wedge-shaped units, which when placed after one another with wedge-like surface against wedge-like surface form an arch of the desired shape.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 5, charac¬ terized in that the arch is built to form a casting mould for a vaulted concrete bridge.
7. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 6, charac¬ terized in that the arch is built of box-like casting moulds.
8. Prefabricated arc-like unit for an arch, wherein there are sides in the direction of the arc and ends in a trans- verse direction to the arc, characterized in that it is intended for use in a method as defined in any one of claims 1 - 7.
9. Prefabricated unit as defined in claim 8, characterized in that it has walls (4) extending upwards at its sides.
10. Prefabricated unit as defined in claim 8 or 9, charac¬ terized in that at least one hole (8) extends through the sides in a transverse direction to the arc.
PCT/FI1993/000497 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 Construction method WO1994012728A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6512804A JPH08504009A (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 Arch construction method
DE69310205T DE69310205D1 (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
EP94900829A EP0670933B1 (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 Construction method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI925357 1992-11-25
FI925357A FI95305C (en) 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 Construction method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994012728A1 true WO1994012728A1 (en) 1994-06-09

Family

ID=8536274

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1993/000497 WO1994012728A1 (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 Construction method

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0670933B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08504009A (en)
AT (1) ATE152197T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69310205D1 (en)
FI (1) FI95305C (en)
WO (1) WO1994012728A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003078739A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-25 Peter Christie Pre-assembled units to form an arch bridge or lintel
WO2004044332A1 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-27 The Queen's University Of Belfast Concrete arch and method of manufacture
US6854928B2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2005-02-15 Con/Span Bridge Systems Ltd. Precast concrete culvert system
FR2883311A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-22 Andre Scobeltzine Hollow voussoir for constructing arc of e.g. bridge, has outer and inner U-shaped parts integrated and displaced with each other to form rabbets cased in preceding voussoir with clearance permitting to incline voussoir at few degrees
CN102425121A (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-04-25 大连理工大学 Arch frame capable of adapting to various arch ring shape parameters
WO2013063623A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Method of constructing a curved structure and apparatus for performing such method
WO2014200361A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Kelly Wright Bridge construction kit set and method
JP2015190122A (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-11-02 株式会社竹中工務店 Beam-like member construction method
CN110240055A (en) * 2019-07-22 2019-09-17 中国公路工程咨询集团有限公司 A kind of steel box-girder hanging apparatus

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JP2007262654A (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-11 Taisei Corp Arched bridge, and arched bridge construction method
CN103306189B (en) * 2013-07-04 2015-06-10 重庆交通大学 Steel truss-prestressed concrete bridge deck combined bridge girder and construction method thereof
JP6576206B2 (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-09-18 ケイコン株式会社 Articulated concrete block and arch bridge for arch bridge structure
JP6576207B2 (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-09-18 ケイコン株式会社 Manufacturing method of block group used for connecting concrete block body for arch bridge structure
JP6612581B2 (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-11-27 ケイコン株式会社 Articulated concrete block and arch bridge for arch bridge structure
CN105463979B (en) * 2016-01-07 2017-03-08 上海市城市建设设计研究总院 Space trident beam string foot bridge
CN107338733B (en) * 2017-08-11 2023-06-06 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 Hoisting device and hoisting method for adjusting and positioning overhead posture of steel box arch rib
WO2020240695A1 (en) * 2019-05-28 2020-12-03 誠 矢内 Series of box shaped structures, method for constructing and method for erecting convex shaped connected structure, and method for erecting beam
CN113684760A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-11-23 中交路桥建设有限公司 Method for hoisting ropeless area beam section of half-through basket arch bridge

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE404002C (en) * 1921-07-17 1924-10-10 Louis Charles Dalens Construction method for arches made of reinforced concrete
DE803116C (en) * 1949-10-26 1951-03-01 Wayss & Freytag A G Method for moving articulated reinforced concrete precast elements for vaults and frames
DE806020C (en) * 1949-08-23 1951-06-11 Hermann Maier Dipl Ing Method and auxiliary joint for the production of concrete bridges or the like.
US3374497A (en) * 1965-06-01 1968-03-26 Homayoun J. Meheen Apparatus for erecting a bridge arch

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ242122A (en) * 1991-04-02 1995-01-27 Csr Humes Pty Ltd Bridge or tunnel construction including at least one arch unit formed from plurality of interconnected reinforced concrete segments

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE404002C (en) * 1921-07-17 1924-10-10 Louis Charles Dalens Construction method for arches made of reinforced concrete
DE806020C (en) * 1949-08-23 1951-06-11 Hermann Maier Dipl Ing Method and auxiliary joint for the production of concrete bridges or the like.
DE803116C (en) * 1949-10-26 1951-03-01 Wayss & Freytag A G Method for moving articulated reinforced concrete precast elements for vaults and frames
US3374497A (en) * 1965-06-01 1968-03-26 Homayoun J. Meheen Apparatus for erecting a bridge arch

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6854928B2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2005-02-15 Con/Span Bridge Systems Ltd. Precast concrete culvert system
WO2003078739A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-25 Peter Christie Pre-assembled units to form an arch bridge or lintel
WO2004044332A1 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-27 The Queen's University Of Belfast Concrete arch and method of manufacture
US7204058B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2007-04-17 The Queen's University Of Belfast Concrete arch and method of manufacture
FR2883311A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-22 Andre Scobeltzine Hollow voussoir for constructing arc of e.g. bridge, has outer and inner U-shaped parts integrated and displaced with each other to form rabbets cased in preceding voussoir with clearance permitting to incline voussoir at few degrees
CN102425121A (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-04-25 大连理工大学 Arch frame capable of adapting to various arch ring shape parameters
CN102425121B (en) * 2011-09-02 2014-06-25 大连理工大学 Arch frame capable of adapting to various arch ring shape parameters
WO2013063623A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Method of constructing a curved structure and apparatus for performing such method
WO2014200361A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Kelly Wright Bridge construction kit set and method
JP2015190122A (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-11-02 株式会社竹中工務店 Beam-like member construction method
CN110240055A (en) * 2019-07-22 2019-09-17 中国公路工程咨询集团有限公司 A kind of steel box-girder hanging apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI95305B (en) 1995-09-29
FI95305C (en) 1996-01-10
DE69310205D1 (en) 1997-05-28
FI925357A (en) 1994-05-26
EP0670933B1 (en) 1997-04-23
JPH08504009A (en) 1996-04-30
FI925357A0 (en) 1992-11-25
EP0670933A1 (en) 1995-09-13
ATE152197T1 (en) 1997-05-15

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