Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
  • A62C3/10—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in ships
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
  • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
  • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
  • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
  • B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
  • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F7/00—Ventilation
  • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
  • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
  • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
  • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
  • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a smoke control system for ships with at least two, by bulkheads and decks, from each other isolated sections, which system includes at least one fan unit, air distributors for supply of fresh-air respective evacuation of consumed air from said sections, ducts that connect the fan unit and the distributors with each other and at least one fire detector arranged in each section.
• the invention also includes a procedure for fire-fighting on board ships.
• a fire on board a passenger ship often causes that many people are exposed to mortal danger. Unless the seat of fire can be fought immediately in a successful way, large quantities of poisonous and hot smoke will be produced. Evacuation of passenger must take place very quick and effective, so that they will not be injured by the smoke.
• the purpose of the present invention is to provide a control system that actively can prevent the spreading of combustion gases in ships.
• the device according to the invention is characterized by means for selective generation of a forced flue gas extraction from one or several sections in the ship, and means for an selective increase of the atmospheric pressure in other sections.
• the procedure according to the invention is characterized in that the ordinary air conditioning system's flow and pressure in exhaust air ducts are reversed by detection of a state of fire, and that flow and pressure in the intake air ducts are kept at such levels so that spreading of smoke through them, from one accommodation to another, is prevented.
• Fig. 1 shows schematically, in block form, a smoke control system according to the invention
• Fig. 2 and 3 show schematically a passenger ship's dividing into different smoke protection zones and the use of the control system at two different state of fire
• Fig. 2 and 3 show schematically a passenger ship's dividing into different smoke protection zones and the use of the control system at two different state of fire
• Fig. 4 shows in perspective a section through a passenger ship with a smoke control system according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 shows the systems that are parts of a smoke control system according to the invention, that are supervised by an control unit, by means of a display 10 or control panel located, e.g. at the captain's bridge.
• the sub-systems are divided into two main groups 11, 12, of which the first-mentioned may comprise fire detectors 13, sprinkler systems/alarm sirens 14, fireproof doors 15 and smoke hatches 16, which different sub-systems are normally used for detection of presence of fire and to minimize the damages from a fire.
• the other group may include flue gas resistant high- capacity fans 17, air conditioning units 18, mechanical ventilation 19, fire- and fluorohalocarbon resin ("Halon”) dampers 20 and remote-controlled ventilation distributors 21 for supply of fresh-air respective evacuation of consumed air.
• Halon fire- and fluorohalocarbon resin
• the air conditioning units are connected to the ventilation distributors 20, 21 via separate ducts for intake- and exhaust air.
• the smoke control system may include the supervision unit 10, the fire detectors 13, the air conditioning units 18 and the air distributors 20, 21.
• the air conditioning units must be provided with protective agents, so that they can resist the hot flue gases during the duration of the fire.
• protective agents can for instance include means for injection of a refrigerant, e.g. water or intake of cold air for cooling through air flushing.
• heat resistant isolated cables should be used for feeding of electric current and for signal cables.
• this smoke control system is controlled (see Fig. 2 and 3) in such a way that the air conditioning units is made to draw air out from the fire protection zone in which the presence of fire has been detected, in Fig. 2 it is in the engine room 22 of the ship, so that a negative pressure arises in this fire protection zone.
• the ventilation system in the remaining parts of the ship is short-circuited, so that intake air is supplied both via the intake air duct and the exhaust air duct.
• a positive pressure arises in the remaining parts of the ship and the smoke is prevented from being transmitted further from the zone on fire via the ventilation system to the remaining parts of the passenger ship.
• Fig. 3 illustrates how a continuous fire in a cabin in another part of the ship, e.g. cabin 23, influences the operation control of the ventilation system.
• the invention is shown in its most advantageous form with reference to Fig. 4.
• the ship has been provided with separate duct systems 24 for evacuation of flue gases.
• These ducts reach from the damper provided air distributor 25 up to the special high-speed fans 26, encased against heat, for forced extraction of hot flue gases.
• the ducts 24 extends in the main parallel with the air conditioning units' 18 intake air- and exhaust air ducts 27a respective 27b, via the next to the stairwell 28 provided vertical trunks 29 to each cabin deck, and to the endings of the passages 30 that connects two nearby stairwells horizontally.
• this smoke control system is controlled so that the ventilation system is short-circuited, so that intake air is supplied both through the intake air duct 27a and the exhaust air duct 27b to other parts of the ship, i.e. also specially to the zone on fire.
• a negative pressure is generated only in this section by means of the high-speed fans 26.
• the ducts 24 can also partly be formed of the vertical trunks 29, which simplifies the draw of ducts.
• the stairwell 28 is at the same time put under positive pressure by the ventilation system.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
• Alarm Systems (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20387713

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (4)

• 1992
  • 1992-11-04 SE SE9203299A patent/SE500553C2/sv unknown
• 1993
  • 1993-11-03 EP EP93924872A patent/EP0666811A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1993-11-03 AU AU54377/94A patent/AU5437794A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-11-03 WO PCT/SE1993/000920 patent/WO1994010031A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1995
  • 1995-04-26 FI FI951974A patent/FI951974A/sv unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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