WO1994003126A1 - Pancreas bioartificiel - Google Patents

Pancreas bioartificiel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994003126A1
WO1994003126A1 PCT/US1993/007078 US9307078W WO9403126A1 WO 1994003126 A1 WO1994003126 A1 WO 1994003126A1 US 9307078 W US9307078 W US 9307078W WO 9403126 A1 WO9403126 A1 WO 9403126A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
vascularizing
islets
cells
membrane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/007078
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ronald L. Fournier
Peter J. Goldblatt
James M. Horner
Jeffrey G. Sarver
Original Assignee
The University Of Toledo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The University Of Toledo filed Critical The University Of Toledo
Priority to AU49943/93A priority Critical patent/AU669004B2/en
Priority to JP6505402A priority patent/JPH08502667A/ja
Priority to EP93919843A priority patent/EP0652735A4/fr
Publication of WO1994003126A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994003126A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/022—Artificial gland structures using bioreactors

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a bioartificial implantable pancreas for the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
  • the coiled copolymer tubular membrane had a nominal porosity of 80,000 daltons which permit free passage of nutrients and insulin but inhibit passage of the agents of the immune system (immunoisolation) .
  • islets of Langerhans Surrounding the outside of the coiled tubular membrane and within the chamber were placed islets of Langerhans.
  • the islets of Langerhans are composed primarily of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and PP cells which synthesize and secrete the hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide respectively. These cells may interact in unknown ways to regulate the level of serum glucose.
  • the islets are not in direct contact with the blood.
  • Blood flow through the coiled tube was achieved by connecting the ends of the coiled tube to standard vascular grafts which were then anastomosed to blood vessels.
  • blood physically contacts and flows through the artificial coiled copolymer tubular membrane which comprises the device.
  • the major limitation of this approach is the formation of blood clots. There is therefore a need for a device which can provide the islets with a non-clotting blood supply which also provides for rapid transfer of essential nutrients as well as glucose and insulin.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,699,141 discloses a neovascularization approach for transplanting cells by placing a ligated blood vessel in a sponge made of a material that is preferably an acrylic copolymer carrying collagen.
  • This patent is similar to a concept for an "organoid” described later by two Thompson et al. articles, "Site-directed neovessel formation in vivo” Science, 1349-1352 September, 1988 and "Heparin binding growth factor 1 induces the formation of organoid neovascular structures in vivo" Proc. Nat'l Academy of Science, USA, £6.. 7928-7932, 1989.
  • vascularized PTFE material served as a vehicle for the transplantation of hepatocytes in rats.
  • the matrix was not used as a bioartificial pancreas and it provided no protection from the recipient's immune system.
  • U.S. Patent 5,10..,392 describes an implantable device for delivering drugs or other liquid solutions through incorporation of the device into the surrounding tissue.
  • One of the features appears to be the use of a hollow tubular casing of a synthetic porous material that promotes growth of connective tissue.
  • Inlet (and outlet) catheters are used to administer the fluid (including islets) directly to and from the vascularized connective tissues.
  • transplanted cells such as islets
  • this inner core region not being sufficiently vascularized will quickly result in injury and death of the transplanted cells or at best result, for the case of islets as the transplanted cells, in a poor glucose-insulin response with a minimal effect on the level of glucose control in a patient with diabetes mellitus.
  • the device geometry is a thin cylindrical disk which results in precise control of the penetration depth of the ingrowing tissue and capillary bed resulting in the transplanted cells, such as the islets of Langerhans, being all at the same uniform distance from the vascularized region of the device.
  • transplanted cells such as the islets of Langerhans
  • This will result in a more compact and easily implantable device with improved mass transfer characteristics between the transplanted cells and the vascularized region of the device.
  • the blood glucose control will therefore be normalized.
  • an angiogenic stimulating growth factor such as heparin binding growth factor, collagen, endothethial cell growth factor, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor material and porous openings with average pore size in the range of 10 to 200 microns to facilitate the growth of
  • the matrix material containing the growth factor stimulates the surrounding tissue of the host to penetrate the matrix and vascularize it much like the process of wound healing, with the result that the device develops its own blood supply after a sufficient period of time, usually within four weeks.
  • the device includes a semipermeable membrane made of any natural or synthetic material providing a molecular weight cut-off of less than 100,000 that is placed between the upper (islet) and lower (vascularizing) chambers to protect the islets of Langerhans from the agents of the host's immune system (immunoisolation) while allowing passage of smaller nutrient molecules such as glucose and oxygen as well as insulin.
  • An extension of this description would include placement of the islets of Langerhans in a central islet chamber which, in one embodiment, is sandwiched between two outer vascularizing chambers containing the growth factor and matrix material, with a means of adding or removing the islets.
  • Semipermeable membranes for immunoprotection of the islets would separate the islets in the central chamber from the outer chambers.
  • Each outer chamber containing the growth factor and matrix would have the same characteristics and functions described above.
  • the method also includes: e) using islet of Langerhans or the beta cells therefrom obtained from a human pancreas or animal sources such as the pig, cow, dog, or rat or insulin secreting cells either naturally occurring or experimentally derived; and f) a porous support matrix using angiogenic growth factors to stimulate device vascularization which minimizes fibrotic overgrowth and encapsulation.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an implantable bioartificial pancreas,-
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of another implantable pancreas having dual matrix layers
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the bioartificial pancreas of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the pancreas of Fig. 2.
  • the present invention provides an implantable bioartificial pancreas comprising a device having an enclosed islet chamber and one or more vascularizing chambers having an opening at one end thereof that provides access to surrounding tissue, a plurality of insulin-secreting islets of Langerhans in the islet chamber, inlet means for supplying islets to the islet chamber, outlet means for removing islets from the islet chamber, a semi-permeable membrane(s) between the islet and vascularizing chambers, the membrane(s) providing a molecular weight cut-off less than about 100,000 thereby immunoprotecting the islets from the vascular area within the vascularizing chamber and around the implanted vascularizing chamber, the membrane(s) allowing passage of molecules with molecular weights less than 100,000, including glucose, oxygen and insulin between the islet and vascularizing chambers and not allowing passage of agents of the immune system such as leukocytes, antibodies, and complement to the islet chamber, and a biocompatible fibrous or porous foam matrix in
  • the present invention also provides a method of presenting insulin-secreting islets of Langerhans to the vascular system of a mammal, the method comprising:
  • a bioartificial pancreas device 1 comprises an islet- containing upper chamber 5, an open on one end vascularizing lower chamber 10, and inlet and outlet means 15 for supplying islets of Langerhans 20 to the islet containing chamber.
  • a semi-permeable membrane 25 is provided between the islet and vascularizing chambers. The membrane 25 allows passage of nutrients and small vital molecules including oxygen, glucose and insulin but does not allow passage of agents of the immune system such as white cells and antibodies.
  • the pancreas device is shown with dual matrix 30 layers, each of the matrix 30 materials being separated from the islets by a membrane 25.
  • a biocompatible fibrous or foam matrix 30 is provided in the vascularizing chamber, the matrix 30 being growth factor soaked to promote growth of the vascular system including growth of small capillaries.
  • the matrix 30 generally has a porosity of as low as about 40 to 50 percent and as high as about 90 to 95% percent.
  • the matrix porosity is preferably about 80 to 90 percent.
  • the matrix foam is an open-celled structure and generally has an average pore size of about 10 to 200 microns, the preferred size being about 50 to 100 microns.
  • the secreted substances may, for example, be from liver, parathyroid, thyroid, pituitary, neural, adrenal, ovarian or genetically engineered cells. Other useful cells may perform detoxifying functions by removing and metabolizing toxic substances found in the bloodstream.
  • the fibrous matrix has interconnected openings equivalent in porosity and size openings that are approximately equivalent to the size openings to the foam matrix just described. Hence, the fiber openings are equivalent to the 10 to 200 microns set forth for the foam.
  • the fibers are generally about 10 to 60 or 100 microns in diameter, the preferred average diameter being about 10 to 30 microns.
  • the total thickness of the matrix is about 1 to 4 mm, the preferred thickness being about 2 to 3 mm.
  • the matrix thickness thus, is sufficient to absorb proteins, ECM materials, growth factor materials, develop a blood supply, and the matrix also is preferably non-absorbable by the body of the mammal and minimizes fibrotic over- growth and encapsulation.
  • Suitable matrix materials are keratin (silk, wool, hair) , collagen, of various types, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene adipate, polyurethanes such as polyesterurethanes and polyetherurethanes, glass including glass fibers, stainless steel, silicones, organopolysiloxanes and graphite and combinations thereof.
  • the keratin matrix is keratin, keratin-containing or keratin-like.
  • the pore size of the highly preferred matrix is at least about 10 microns and optimally 50 to 100 or 120 microns.
  • suitable matrix materials are polyamides including nylon such as polycaprolactam and polyhexamethylene adipate, polyamide-imides, polycarbonates, polyacrylates including polymethyl methacrylate and polyethylmethacrylate and polystyrene.
  • a suitable fiber and foam matrix is organic or inorganic, the organic material being composed principally of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms, and optionally nitrogen and/or sulfur atoms.
  • Organic material such as polyolefins, composed of carbon and oxygen atoms are highly useful, such hydrocarbon polymers being non- halogenated and non-fluorinated.
  • the matrix is made of hair in which the average diameter of the hair fiber is about 10 to 15 microns, the fiber length is about 1/2 to 2 inches, the matrix thickness is about 2 to 3 millimeters and the porosity is about 80 to 85 percent.
  • the islets of Langerhans are delivered to the device islet chamber via the inlet and outlet catheters and ports.
  • the islets take up residence within the islet chamber of the device and are provided with essential nutrients and oxygen via mass transfer from across the immunoprotective membrane from the vascularized chamber of the device.
  • glucose levels rise rapidly within the vascularized region of the device and glucose diffuses across the immunoprotective membrane resulting in an increase in glucose levels within the islet chamber resulting in the release of insulin from the islets which diffuses back across the immunoprotective membrane being rapidly taken up by the extensive capillary network existing in the vascularized chamber and the insulin is then distributed throughout the body where its ultimate action is to regulate blood glucose levels.
  • the level of glucose control achieved and the number of islets required can be defined using the methods outlined in "A Comparison of Islet Transplantation and Subcutaneous Insulin Injections for the Treatment of Diabetes", Computers in Biology and Medicine. Volume 21, pp. 417-427, 1991, Brian Smith, Jeffrey G. Sarver, Ronald L. Fournier.
  • baffle means are provided inside the first chamber for assisting in even distribution of the metabolically active cells such as islets of Langerhans therein.
  • the figures are as follows: Fig. 5a is a top plan view of the first chamber showing baffle means for assisting in even distribution of biologically active cells such as islets of Langerhans;
  • Fig. 5b is another embodiment showing baffle means in the first chamber,-
  • Fig. 5c is still another embodiment showing baffle means in the first chamber,-
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a first chamber for islets and other active cells, the chamber being in the form of an elongated tube or hollow fiber;
  • Fig. 6a is a side elevational view of another embodiment showing the first chamber in the form of a helically shaped hollow fiber,- and
  • Fig. 7 is a top plan schematic view of a plurality of first chamber hollow fibers, the follow fibers being a common inlet and a common outlet.
  • a first chamber 50 is provided that is similar to the first chamber 20 of Fig. 3.
  • An inlet and outlet tube means 55 are provided for the entry and exit of the islets.
  • baffle means is provided comprising a plate 60 that assists in the even distribution of the islets in the chamber after supplying the islets.
  • the islets form a layer next to a porous membrane.
  • the plate 60 is generally perpendicular to the bottom of the first chamber and the longitudinal axis of the plate 60 extends generally along a diameter of the chamber.
  • the baffle means comprises a plurality of plates, preferably 3, spaced about equally distance apart and parallel to each other.
  • the baffle in the plan view is a generally helically coiled or sprial-shaped member 60a.
  • a hollow fiber/matrix assembly 85 is shown in which a hollow fiber 70 serves as the first chamber, the fiber being surrounded by a matrix 80 which is similar to matrix 30 shown in Figs. 3-4.
  • the first chamber is an elongated helically coil-shaped or spiral-shaped hollow fiber 70a embedded in the matrix 80.
  • Fig. 7 shows a plan view of four hollow fiber 70/matrix 80 first chamber assemblies.
  • the first chambers 85 are connected together with a common inlet 90 and a common outlet 91.
  • the active cells such as the islets form a layer next to a semi-permeable membrane 95 such as the membrane 25 in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the baffle means provides an even distribution of the active cells as they are introduced into the first chamber and used therein.
  • the present invention provides an effective and highly useful bioartificial organ for implantation into an animal comprising a housing having a first enclosed chamber containing metabolically active cells, at least one vascularizing chamber having an opening on one end thereof that provides access to surrounding tissue, inlet means for supplying cells to the first chamber, outlet means for removing cells from the first chamber, and a semi-permeable membrane separating and in communication with the first chamber and vascularizing chamber, the membrane providing immunoprotection of the active cells from the vascular area within the vascularizing chamber and around the implanted device, the membrane allowing passage of small molecules including nutrients and waste products between the first and vascularizing chambers and not allowing passage of agents of an immune system to the first chamber, and a biocompatible fibrous or porous foam matrix in the vascularizing chamber to provide a neovascular formation region for enhancing growth of small capillaries for providing efficient mass transfer of substances between first chamber and the capillaries in the vascularizing chamber, the fibrous or foam matrix having a porosity of about 40 to 95 percent and

Abstract

Dispositif pancréatique bioartificiel et implantable (1), comprenant une chambre (5) à îlots contenant des îlots de Langerhans à sécrétion d'insuline et sensibles au glucose, ou des cellules à sécrétion d'hormone analogues, la chambre (5) à îlots comprenant des éléments déflecteurs (60) permettant de répartir régulièrement les îlots dans la chambre; une ou plusieurs chambres de vascularisation (10) ouvertes au tissu environnant; et une membrane semi-perméable (25), située entre les chambres à îlots et de vascularisation, qui permet le passage de petites molécules, y compris l'insuline, l'oxygène et le glucose, et ne permet pas le passage d'agents du système immunitaire tels que les leucocytes et les anticorps. Les chambres de vascularisation contiennent une matrice de mousse ou fibreuse (30) imbibée d'un facteur de croissance et présentant une porosité d'environ 40 à 95 %, qui favorise la croissance des petits capillaires et empêche la coagulation du sang dans la chambre inférieure.
PCT/US1993/007078 1992-07-30 1993-07-28 Pancreas bioartificiel WO1994003126A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU49943/93A AU669004B2 (en) 1992-07-30 1993-07-28 Bioartificial pancreas
JP6505402A JPH08502667A (ja) 1992-07-30 1993-07-28 生体人工膵臓
EP93919843A EP0652735A4 (fr) 1992-07-30 1993-07-28 Pancreas bioartificiel.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US92256292A 1992-07-30 1992-07-30
US07/922,562 1992-07-30
US08/094,946 1993-07-21
US08/094,946 US5387237A (en) 1992-07-30 1993-07-21 Bioartificial pancreas

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994003126A1 true WO1994003126A1 (fr) 1994-02-17

Family

ID=26789367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1993/007078 WO1994003126A1 (fr) 1992-07-30 1993-07-28 Pancreas bioartificiel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5387237A (fr)
EP (1) EP0652735A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08502667A (fr)
AU (1) AU669004B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2140554A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994003126A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

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US5534025A (en) * 1993-06-08 1996-07-09 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Vascular bioartificial organ
WO1996036296A1 (fr) * 1995-05-19 1996-11-21 Baxter International Inc. Structures de membranes d'immuno-isolation multicouches, formees in situ, servant a l'implantation de cellules dans un tissu hote
WO1998032841A1 (fr) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 Encelle, Inc. Dispositif bioartificiel de secretion d'hormone
US6023009A (en) * 1996-02-23 2000-02-08 Circe Biomedical, Inc. Artificial pancreas
WO2008126061A2 (fr) * 2007-04-16 2008-10-23 Aik Huang Terence Tan Dispositif médical
EP4125963A4 (fr) * 2020-04-03 2024-04-17 Brigham & Womens Hospital Inc Dispositif implantable de macroencapsulation de cellules et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation

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US5425764A (en) * 1992-07-30 1995-06-20 The University Of Toledo Bioartificial pancreas
US6703017B1 (en) 1994-04-28 2004-03-09 Ixion Biotechnology, Inc. Reversal of insulin-dependent diabetes by islet-producing stem cells, islet progenitor cells and islet-like structures
US5629159A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-05-13 California Institute Of Technology Immortalization and disimmortalization of cells
WO1996039993A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Gore Hybrid Technologies, Inc. Appareil de confinement implantable destine a un dispositif therapeutque et procede permettant de charger et de recharger ledit dispositif
US5861313A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-01-19 Ontogeny, Inc. Method of isolating bile duct progenitor cells
US5855613A (en) * 1995-10-13 1999-01-05 Islet Sheet Medical, Inc. Retrievable bioartificial implants having dimensions allowing rapid diffusion of oxygen and rapid biological response to physiological change
US5830184A (en) * 1996-03-06 1998-11-03 Medical Components, Inc. Composite catheter stabilizing devices, methods of making the same and catheter extracting device
US6054142A (en) * 1996-08-01 2000-04-25 Cyto Therapeutics, Inc. Biocompatible devices with foam scaffolds
US6200589B1 (en) 1996-09-13 2001-03-13 The University Of Akron Biological implants of semipermeable amphiphilic membranes
US5993406A (en) * 1997-05-14 1999-11-30 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Artificial gut
US6303355B1 (en) 1999-03-22 2001-10-16 Duke University Method of culturing, cryopreserving and encapsulating pancreatic islet cells
US6365385B1 (en) 1999-03-22 2002-04-02 Duke University Methods of culturing and encapsulating pancreatic islet cells
WO2001023528A1 (fr) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-05 University Of Florida Research Foundation Inversion de diabetes dependant de l'insuline par des cellules souches insulaires, des cellules insulaires progenitrices et des structures de type insulaire
US6617151B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2003-09-09 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Method of closing a cell containment device with a wet seal
DE10026480A1 (de) * 2000-05-29 2001-12-13 Augustinus Bader Verfahren zur Herstellung eines empfängerspezifischen Gewebe-Transplantats oder -Implantats
DE10026482A1 (de) * 2000-05-29 2001-12-13 Augustinus Bader Verfahren zur Herstellung eines bioartifiziellen Transplantats
US6511473B2 (en) * 2001-01-30 2003-01-28 Biodepo, Inc. Implantable bioartificial active secretion system
DE10152105A1 (de) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-08 Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh Behältnis zur Verwendung in der Dialyse
US20100196439A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-08-05 Medtronic, Inc. Angiogenesis Mechanism and Method, and Implantable Device
US20090196854A1 (en) * 2008-02-04 2009-08-06 Kytos Biosystems S.A. Methods and compositions for use of crl 5803 cells for expression of biotherapeutics and encapsulated cell-based delivery
US8105308B2 (en) * 2008-08-02 2012-01-31 Ghodsian Laboratories, Inc. Permanent umbilical hollow tube
WO2011111069A2 (fr) 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research (An Indian Registered Body Incorporated Under The Registration Of Societies Act (Act Xxxi Of 1860) Polymères poreux à surface modifiée pour croissance cellulaire améliorée
KR101681542B1 (ko) * 2015-03-10 2016-12-01 메디키네틱스 주식회사 인공췌장 구현을 위한 교환형 카트리지 장치
CN109219440A (zh) * 2016-04-04 2019-01-15 贝塔O2技术有限公司 用于植入具有抗炎和血管化能力的细胞的可植入设备及其制造方法
USD824042S1 (en) * 2016-11-10 2018-07-24 Viacyte, Inc. Perforated cell encapsulation device
CA3043468C (fr) * 2016-11-15 2021-06-22 Giner Life Sciences, Inc. Dispositif de diffusion de gaz percutane adapte pour utilisation avec un implant sous-cutane
EP3398558A1 (fr) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-07 Carlo Andretta Système de perfusion intracorporelle
US20210093435A1 (en) 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Isla Technologies, Inc. Bioartificial pancreas
CN112587730B (zh) * 2020-12-29 2024-04-09 深圳华源再生医学有限公司 复合细胞支架及其制备方法

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5534025A (en) * 1993-06-08 1996-07-09 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Vascular bioartificial organ
WO1996036296A1 (fr) * 1995-05-19 1996-11-21 Baxter International Inc. Structures de membranes d'immuno-isolation multicouches, formees in situ, servant a l'implantation de cellules dans un tissu hote
US6060640A (en) * 1995-05-19 2000-05-09 Baxter International Inc. Multiple-layer, formed-in-place immunoisolation membrane structures for implantation of cells in host tissue
US6023009A (en) * 1996-02-23 2000-02-08 Circe Biomedical, Inc. Artificial pancreas
WO1998032841A1 (fr) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 Encelle, Inc. Dispositif bioartificiel de secretion d'hormone
WO2008126061A2 (fr) * 2007-04-16 2008-10-23 Aik Huang Terence Tan Dispositif médical
WO2008126061A3 (fr) * 2007-04-16 2009-02-19 Aik Huang Terence Tan Dispositif médical
EP4125963A4 (fr) * 2020-04-03 2024-04-17 Brigham & Womens Hospital Inc Dispositif implantable de macroencapsulation de cellules et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0652735A4 (fr) 1995-08-09
US5387237A (en) 1995-02-07
JPH08502667A (ja) 1996-03-26
AU669004B2 (en) 1996-05-23
EP0652735A1 (fr) 1995-05-17
CA2140554A1 (fr) 1994-02-17
AU4994393A (en) 1994-03-03

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