WO1993016835A1 - Torche a plasma destinee au decoupage - Google Patents

Torche a plasma destinee au decoupage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993016835A1
WO1993016835A1 PCT/JP1993/000225 JP9300225W WO9316835A1 WO 1993016835 A1 WO1993016835 A1 WO 1993016835A1 JP 9300225 W JP9300225 W JP 9300225W WO 9316835 A1 WO9316835 A1 WO 9316835A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
cutting
torch
plasma
passage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1993/000225
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
Hitoshi Sato
Toshiya Shintani
Original Assignee
Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP4072109A external-priority patent/JP2640707B2/ja
Application filed by Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho filed Critical Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho
Publication of WO1993016835A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993016835A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3457—Nozzle protection devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement of a cutting torch for use in a plasma cutting machine.
  • the electrodes are attached to the torch main body, and the nozzles are attached via gas outlets for turning around the axis of the torch and ejecting the working gas.
  • the nozzle is fixed to the torch body by screwing it to the torch body, excluding the tip of the torch body, excluding the tip that holds the orifice's orifice.
  • the cooling water that has cooled the electrodes passes through the cooling water passage formed inside the main torch, cools the nozzles through the space formed by the torch body, the nozzle, and the torch cap. configuration and Tsu have to return to the cooling water passage formed in the torch body 0
  • a metal nozzle protection cap that is electrically insulated from the nozzle is attached around the nozzle, and a secondary gas flows between the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap.
  • a secondary gas flows between the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap.
  • the front side of the kerf (cut groove) is generally wide and the back side is narrow. Therefore, the cut surface is not vertical but has a tapered shape.
  • the first to fourth prior arts include (1) protection of a nozzle, (2) contraction of a plasma arc by a secondary gas, (3) an increase in the temperature of a nozzle protection cap, and (4) a swirling airflow. Adjustment of effects, (5) There are the following problems with electrical corrosion of cooling water surface.
  • the nozzle may be damaged when piercing a thick plate or when the nozzle comes into contact with the workpiece.
  • the beading is performed at the maximum speed at which the main arc shifts. After the hole has penetrated, the torch is lowered to a height suitable for cutting, and cutting is started.
  • this method inevitably complicates torch height control at the start of cutting.
  • the material to be cut may spring up depending on the state of thermal deformation or instruction, and it is difficult to avoid this. Therefore, the nozzle and the material to be cut are in contact with each other. Doing so avoids the risk of damaging the nozzle due to double marks It is not possible.
  • the second conventional technique is applied to an air-cooled nozzle type plasma torch, and such a nozzle cannot be applied to a water-cooled plasma torch because the shape of the tip of the torch is different. .
  • a plasma arc is applied to the nozzle protection cab.
  • a plurality of openings are provided in addition to the openings for passing through. As a result, a large amount of cooling gas is blown out to the surface of the material to be cut, increasing disturbance to the plasma mark and adversely affecting cutting.
  • a protective cap is applied to water-cooled nozzles, but its function is to prevent contact between the workpiece and the nozzles, but to perform welding using a secondary gas. It is for isolating the part from the atmosphere. Therefore, the opening of the nozzle protection cap is wide open, and does not have the function of protecting the nozzle from blowing up during dosing.
  • a high-temperature, high-speed arc plasma is obtained by narrowing the arc with a nozzle. If more current can flow through a nozzle with a small nozzle diameter, high-speed cutting can be performed with a narrow cutting groove width. However, when the current is increased, a phenomenon called a double arc that flows through the metal part of the nozzle without passing the current through the nozzle is generated, which not only reduces the cutting ability but also damages the nozzle. ⁇ Then 0
  • the working gas is strongly swirled around the electrode to squeeze the arc narrowly, and at the same time, the nozzle is cooled with water to prevent double arcs. . Since the plasma arc ejected from the nozzle expands, the width of the cut groove becomes wider.
  • Nozzle protection cap The secondary gas supplied to surround the two plasma arcs can be used to further inject the arc ejected from the nozzle.
  • there is an opening for increasing the gas flow rate for cooling the nozzle and it is not possible to independently control only the secondary gas surrounding the arc . For this reason, it is difficult to obtain a flow rate or pressure of the secondary gas that is sufficient to further incorporate the plasma arc.
  • the plate of the material to be cut! In order to adjust the degree of inclination of the cut surface according to the cutting speed, the intensity of the swirling airflow, that is, the working gas flow rate must be reduced. However, the working gas flow rate has an optimal value to keep the arc stable. If the working gas flow rate is increased or decreased, the arc becomes unstable, and it is difficult to adjust the degree of inclination of the cut surface.
  • the electrode and the nozzle are fixed to the metal parts of the torch body, which are separated from each other. Power is supplied from the DC power supply.
  • a cooling water passage is provided in the metal part on the electrode side and the metal part on the nozzle side for connecting them; and the electrode and the nozzle are cooled by the combined water.
  • the electrode side metal part, the nozzle side metal part, and o K Has a potential difference.
  • the torch body is configured in a state where each metal is electrically insulated, and each metal part is connected by the cooling water passage, and the cooling water flows there Because, 'weak current flows through the water flow. Since this current is weak, there is no hindrance to the occurrence of arc, but the metal part of the torch body is gradually corroded by electrochemical action. Both torches with water-cooled electrodes and nozzles become unusable. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention can effectively exert the function of protecting the nozzle even when the nozzle has a water-cooled torch structure, greatly improving the life of the nozzle and reducing the time required for nozzle replacement. Loss can be reduced.
  • the insulator is interposed in the secondary gas passage, the secondary gas is rectified, and the plasma arc ejected from the nozzle 2 is narrowed down again by the secondary gas, and the cut groove width is reduced. Fine and precise cutting can be performed.
  • the secondary gas flow can be swirled in the same direction as the spiral flow of the plasma arc by the rectifying passage of the insulation layer, the inclination of the cut surface of the extruded cutting material can be made vertical.
  • nozzle protection cap can be separated into a distal end portion and a proximal end portion, only the tip portion can be replaced as a consumable item.
  • the base end is cooled by cooling water, so that it can be handled without paying attention to the torch during maintenance and inspection.
  • another object of the present invention is to provide a cutting plasma torch that can reduce electrochemical corrosion caused by cooling water.
  • the present invention uses a water-cooled electrode, and connects the plasma arc to the electrode through a nozzle orifice arranged so as to cover the electrode with a plasma gas passage therebetween.
  • the plasma torch for cutting that is produced between the workpieces has an opening on the tip side opposite the nozzle orifice outside the nozzle hole and communicates with the two openings.
  • a nozzle protection cap which forms an annular secondary gas passage between the nozzle cap and the nozzle cap, is electrically insulated and fixed to the electrode and the nozzle. It is composed of electric steel material and has a rectifying passage that rectifies the gas flow flowing through the secondary gas passage.
  • the second nozzle protection cap is made of a metal material having good heat conductivity, and the cross section of the insulator is made rectangular, and this insulator is also used as the nozzle protection cap.
  • ⁇ periphery are ⁇ the stepped portion provided respectively on the inner peripheral surface and a box e
  • the nozzle protection cap includes a tip portion for protecting the tip portion of the nozzle and a base end portion fixed to the torch main body side, and these components are movably connected.
  • a flange that fits each other is provided at the leading end portion and the base end portion, or a screw is provided at a portion to be connected to each other, and fitted or screwed.
  • the tip portion is made of a metal material having good heat conductivity
  • the base end portion is made of a metal material having mechanical strength.
  • the dimension h of the gear so between the tip surface of the nozzle and the opening ⁇ the side surface of the nozzle protection gap is set to 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • Roh nozzle Oh Li off office diameter to be on the ratio z Z i ⁇ i It 1.0 ⁇ 5.0 of the Nozzle Ho ⁇ Kiyabbu opening of ⁇ Holy "5 2.
  • annular cooling water chamber is provided inside the base of the nozzle protection cap, and this cooling water chamber communicates with the cooling water chamber provided in the electrode.
  • the nozzle protection cap may have a bag-shaped double structure, and the space formed by this may be used as a cooling water chamber.
  • the plasma gas inflow path for injecting the plasma gas into the plasma gas path provided around the electrode is inclined with respect to the center of the torch so as to give the plasma gas a jewelry flow.
  • the rectifying passage of the rotor is spirally formed so as to give the secondary gas passing therethrough a spiral flow in the same direction as the spiral direction of the plasma gas, and the nozzle has an orifice diameter of The relation of the length L is made to satisfy L ⁇ 2.
  • the inflow path communicating with the cooling water chamber on the electrode side and the cooling water chamber passage on the nozzle side is a tube made of an electrically insulating material.
  • the plasma arc erupted along with the plasma gas is erupted through the nozzle and orifice.
  • a secondary force is ejected from the gap toward the plasma arc, which is rectified by the CD secondary gas insulator, and the nozzle cap and the nozzle protection cap are rectified by the CD insulator.
  • Aligned and packed c Nozzle protection key ' :, ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • a swirling flow is given by the plasma gas and the plasma gas inflow passage, and a swirling flow of the secondary gas is given by the insulator in the same direction as the plasma gas.
  • the corrosion of the cooling water chamber is prevented by fitting a tube made of an electric material into the flow path through which the cooling water flows.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a plasma torch showing a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A to 2E are explanatory diagrams of various insulators
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a plasma torch showing a second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a plasma torch showing a third embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a plasma torch showing a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a plasma torch showing a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of the plasma torch according to the sixth embodiment
  • FIG. 7B is a perspective view of a plasma gas inflow path according to the sixth embodiment.
  • 1 is an electrode
  • 2 is a nozzle held by a nozzle holding member 3 at a position facing the tip of the electrode
  • 4 is a nozzle cover that covers other portions except the lower end portion of the nozzle 1.
  • a nozzle protection cap 5 covers the outside of the nozzle cap 4.
  • a plasma gas passage 6 communicating from the periphery to the orifice 16 of the nozzle 2 is provided, and cooling is provided between the nozzle 2 and the nozzle cap 4.
  • a water passage 7 is provided.
  • a secondary gas passage 8 is provided between the nozzle cap 4 and the nozzle protection tank 5 and the nozzle 5. The secondary gas passage 8 is open to the leading end of the nozzle 2.
  • the nozzle protection cap 5 is electrically isolated from the nozzle cap 4 in the shape of a j, and the nozzle 2 is also supported by the tip of the nozzle cap 4.
  • C There is a drainage chamber 9 inside the electrode 1. ': ⁇ ; Is communicated to.
  • the cooling water chamber 9 is connected to a recirculating water inflow passage 10 and the other cooling water passage is connected to a cooling water outflow passage 10a.
  • the plasma gas passage 6 is connected to the plasma gas inflow passage 11, and the secondary gas passage 8 is connected to the secondary gas inflow passage 12.
  • Reference numeral 13 denotes a torch main body for supporting each of the above members, which is insulated from the electrode 1 and the nozzle 2.
  • the nozzle protection cap 5 is screwed to the torch body 13.
  • the secondary gas passage 8 formed between the nozzle cap 4 and the nozzle protection cap 5 is formed in a tapered shape.
  • an insulator 14 made of an electrically insulating material and also serving as a spacer is provided in an airtight manner with respect to the wall surfaces of the nozzle cap 4 and the nozzle protection cap 5. Is equipped.
  • the insulator 14 is provided with a plurality of small holes 15 communicating with the upstream side and the downstream side thereof and serving as rectification paths in the circumferential direction.
  • the small hole 15 serving as the flow straightening passage may be replaced with the small hole 15 shown in FIG. 2A and a groove 15a provided in the axial direction on the surface (or the outer surface) as shown in FIG. 2B. Good. These small holes 15 and grooves 15a may be provided in a spiral shape around the axis.
  • the insulator 14 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is formed in a tapered shape in accordance with the shape of the tapered shape of the secondary gas passage 8. Instead, as shown in FIGS. 2C, 2D, and 2E, the cross section may be rectangular, and the rectified secondary gas may flow in the axial direction.
  • the insulator 14 is made of a synthetic resin such as a fluorine-based resin or a ceramic.
  • the ⁇ / ⁇ between the orifice 16 ⁇ of the nozzle 2 and the opening diameter ⁇ 5 of the nozzle protection cap 5 is 1.5 to 5.0, preferably 2.0 to 4.0. 0.
  • ⁇ / ⁇ 1.0 the tip of the nozzle protection cap 5 is deformed and damaged by the heat of the plasma arc, and disturbs the flow of the secondary gas.
  • ⁇ ⁇ > 5.0 the back of the dross adheres to the gap 17 between the lower end faces of the nozzles 1 and 2 and the nozzle protection cap 5, and a double arc is trapped. Resulting in.
  • the appropriate gap dimension h for one gap is 0.5 to 0.5 mm. If h ⁇ 0.5 mm, the flow velocity of the secondary gas jet S becomes too high, causing arcing. Tongue and one.
  • the plasma arc from the electrode 1 is ejected through the openings of the nozzle 2 and the nozzle protection cap 5 together with the plasma gas supplied to the plasma gas passage 6 provided around the electrode 1 ′. Is done. At this time, it is cooled by cooling water passing through the nozzle 2 recirculating water passage.
  • the secondary gas is ejected from the gap 17 through the secondary gas passage 8 so as to surround the periphery of the plasma.
  • the secondary gas at this time is rectified while passing through the insulator 14. That is, the secondary gas that has passed through the annular secondary gas passage 8 is rectified while passing through the rectifying passage formed by the small holes 15 or the grooves 15 a of the insulator 14.
  • the gas is injected so as to surround the plasma arc.
  • the secondary gas is supplied at a sufficient flow rate with a sufficient flow rate.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment, in which an insulator 14a is formed in a ring shape by a member having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and the insulator 14a is a nozzle cap 4a.
  • the nozzle protection cap 5a is fitted and attached to the step formed at the opposing portion of each of the nozzle protection caps 5a.
  • a rectifying passage 18 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the insulator 14a. According to this configuration, the nozzle cap 4a and the nozzle protection cap 5a are aligned by the insulator 14a, and the positioning of the two materials is easily performed.
  • FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment, in which the distal end portion and the proximal end portion of the nozzle protection cap are formed as separate members.
  • a base end portion 19 screwed to the nozzle body 13 and a leading end portion 20 on the nozzle 2 side are different from each other.
  • An insulator 14a is supported on the distal end portion 20.
  • the coupling between the proximal end portion 19 and the distal end portion 20 is performed by connecting a flange portion 20a on the distal end portion 20 side.
  • the front end side of the base end 19 is fitted and fixed to the flange portion 20a, and the two may be fixed to each other at the flange portion 20a.
  • the tip portion 10 is made of a material having good heat conductivity, so that a high-temperature molten metal adheres. Even if it does, the molten metal is cooled in a short time and is easily separated.
  • the base end 19 is made of a material having excellent mechanical strength, the torch does not deform even when the torch comes into contact with the material to be cut.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment in which the nozzle protection cap can be cooled. That is, a rectangular cooling water chamber 21 is provided inside the base end 19a of the nozzle protection cabinet 5c, and the cooling water chamber on the electrode 1 side provided inside the electrode 1 is provided in the cooling water chamber 21. It is connected to 9 via passage 2. With this configuration, the base end of the nozzle protection cabinet 5c is cooled by the cooling water in the cooling water chamber 21 and the temperature rise in this portion is suppressed.
  • Fig. 6 shows a fifth embodiment, in which the cooling water chamber 21a of the nozzle protection cap 5d is formed in a vertically wide annular shape to increase its fertility, thereby cooling this part. The ability is getting bigger.
  • the cooling water chamber 21a has an inlet-side passage 22 communicating with the cooling water chamber 9 on the electrode 1 side, and an outlet-side passage communicating with the cooling water passage 7 provided around the nozzle 2. 23 are in communication.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B show a sixth embodiment.
  • the rectifying passage 18 provided in the insulator 14a is spirally wound around the center of the torch, so that the secondary gas flow spouted from the gearbox of the nozzle protection cap 5e can be reduced. It can flow.
  • a plurality of plasma gas inflow paths 6a for flowing the plasma gas into the plasma gas path 6 provided around the electrode 1 are provided at an angle to the center of the torch as shown in FIG. The swirling flow is given to the plasma gas flowing into the plasma gas passage 6.
  • the turning direction of the secondary gas and the turning direction of the plasma gas are the same, and the orifice ⁇ L of the nozzle 2 is the orifice diameter ⁇ ! L / ⁇ ⁇ 2
  • the cut wall 24 a on the upstream side of the swirling flow of the secondary gas becomes vertical and the other cut wall 24 as shown in FIG. 1] 1 1b is inclined like a groove.
  • the secondary gas is turning to the right when viewed from above, the right cut wall 24a will be vertical, and to the left if it is turning, and the left cut wall 24b if it is turning. Becomes vertical.
  • the life of the nozzle is long, the time loss associated with the replacement of the nozzle is small, precision cutting with a narrow cutting groove width is performed, the cut surface of the material to be cut is vertical, and the nozzle is Only the tip of the protective cap can be replaced as a consumable item, making it easy to maintain and inspect the torch, and is useful as a cutting plasma torch that can withstand electrochemical corrosion caused by cooling water.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

Torche à plasma destinée au découpage, dans laquelle une buse (2) est protégée contre les impuretés produites par le perçage effectué au début du découpage, et dans laquelle les arcs doubles ne peuvent se produire, ce qui améliore la durée de vie utile de la buse (2). A cette fin, un embout de protection (5) formant un passage annulaire (8) pour gaz secondaire est monté autour d'une enveloppe (4) de buse de manière isolée électriquement d'une électrode (1) et de la buse (2). En outre, des éléments isolants (14) en matériau d'isolation électrique sont montés dans ledit passage (8) de manière à étrangler le gaz secondaire et à former des tourbillons dans l'écoulement.
PCT/JP1993/000225 1992-02-24 1993-02-24 Torche a plasma destinee au decoupage WO1993016835A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4072109A JP2640707B2 (ja) 1991-02-28 1992-02-24 切断用プラズマトーチ
JP4/72109 1992-02-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993016835A1 true WO1993016835A1 (fr) 1993-09-02

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ID=13479892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP1993/000225 WO1993016835A1 (fr) 1992-02-24 1993-02-24 Torche a plasma destinee au decoupage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1993016835A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57165370U (fr) * 1981-04-09 1982-10-18
JPS63154272A (ja) * 1986-12-17 1988-06-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd プラズマト−チ
JPH0220667A (ja) * 1988-07-06 1990-01-24 Origin Electric Co Ltd プラズマトーチ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57165370U (fr) * 1981-04-09 1982-10-18
JPS63154272A (ja) * 1986-12-17 1988-06-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd プラズマト−チ
JPH0220667A (ja) * 1988-07-06 1990-01-24 Origin Electric Co Ltd プラズマトーチ

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