WO1993016336A1 - Schaltvorrichtung für durchlauferhitzer - Google Patents
Schaltvorrichtung für durchlauferhitzer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993016336A1 WO1993016336A1 PCT/AT1992/000013 AT9200013W WO9316336A1 WO 1993016336 A1 WO1993016336 A1 WO 1993016336A1 AT 9200013 W AT9200013 W AT 9200013W WO 9316336 A1 WO9316336 A1 WO 9316336A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- switching device
- water
- switch
- flow
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/238—Flow rate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/0006—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances
- G01P13/0013—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances by using a solid body which is shifted by the action of the fluid
- G01P13/002—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances by using a solid body which is shifted by the action of the fluid with electrical coupling to the indicating devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a switching device for instantaneous water heaters, with a sensor device for the flowing water assigned to a water flow line, to which a switching unit for a heating device provided for heating the water is connected.
- instantaneous heaters are currently used, the switching device of which detects a pressure drop in the line through which water flows when an outlet valve (water tap) is opened and uses this to activate a switch or a switching unit for the water heating device in general .
- a membrane e.g. made of rubber or metal sheet, on which a plunger is arranged, which e.g. switches a microswitch, a control circuit or contact pairs in the load circuit.
- the membrane is loaded with static pressure on both sides via a return line in the rest position (with the outlet valve closed). In this rest position, the switching unit for the heating device is in the inactive position, so that the heating device is out of operation.
- the outlet valve is opened, the static pressure falls on one side of the membrane, and a pressure difference arises on the membrane, so that the membrane is deflected and the tappet attached to it is adjusted. The desired switching process is then effected.
- Such a membrane control is advantageous in that it provides a relatively high mechanical force for the switching process, so that several pairs of contacts can be switched, but it is disadvantageous that the arrangement with the membrane is complex because it requires a considerable size and therefore the pressures acting on them must be absorbed in the housing.
- the necessary sealing and clamping of the membrane in the housing are also problematic, and it is also disadvantageous that the membrane is in constant contact with water, this direct contact of the liquid to be controlled with the mechanical components leads to corrosion, premature aging and the like.
- the constant elastic deflection also causes material fatigue, so that the membrane has only a limited life.
- Such switching devices are thus disadvantageous in construction as well as in manufacture and assembly, due to the many precisely manufactured individual parts.
- the known switching devices also have serious disadvantages with regard to their function, since switching takes place as a function of a pressure difference, the pressure difference used for switching only occurring above a certain minimum pressure.
- the network pressure of the water is different at different locations, so that there is already a risk that the switching process will not always proceed properly.
- a pressure difference sufficient for the switching process will already occur if only relatively small flow rates occur, for example at high network pressure, so that overheating takes place - up to the formation of vapor bubbles - when there is still no large amount of water flowing.
- enclosed air bubbles are not recognizable for the switching device responsive to the pressure difference, and when switching off, i.e. When the exhaust valve is closed, hysteresis occurs because the flow rate is throttled, yet a sufficient pressure difference remains on the membrane to keep the switch activated. This can also cause overheating.
- Another object of the invention is to enable a simple structural design and to facilitate the manufacture and assembly of the switching device.
- the switching device of the invention is characterized in that the sensor device has a switching body which is movably arranged in a flow line section and which can be moved from a rest position into a switching position by the flowing water at a predetermined flow rate, and has a position sensor which detects this change in position of the moving switching body. which is connected to the switching unit for the heating device.
- the position sensor is in a blocking or rest position as long as no or little water flows and the switching body practically does not leave its rest position, and the switching unit is thus inactive, ie the heating device is switched off.
- the switch body is taken sufficiently far away from the water into its switch position, the position sensor now responding to this change in the position of the switch body, so that the switch unit for the heating device becomes active and switches on the heating device. If the flow rate of the water is then reduced again, for example by throttling an outlet valve, the switching body moves back out of its switching position. whereby, for example, even in an intermediate position before its extreme rest position, it influences the position sensor in such a way that it opens the control circuit (the switching unit) again, so that the heating device is switched off again.
- the dimensions of the switch body and of the flow line section which receives this switch body are matched to one another according to the particular circumstances, such as heating output, desired switch flow rate, possibly also mean water temperature and other water parameters which influence the viscosity, so that the desired switching behavior is ensured when the predetermined flow rate occurs.
- desired switch flow rate possibly also mean water temperature and other water parameters which influence the viscosity, so that the desired switching behavior is ensured when the predetermined flow rate occurs.
- the flow cross section of the flow line section will only be slightly larger than the cross section of the switch body.
- the design according to the invention also improves in terms of design and manufacture and assembly in that only a simple movable switch body is present in the flow line, which causes sealing problems as well as complicated assembly and assembly work Manufacturing processes can be avoided in an advantageous manner.
- the switching device according to the invention thus has a simple, robust structure with a long service life, and moreover it also has an improved switching function in comparison with the known switching devices.
- a very substantial additional improvement or significantly increased safety can be achieved with a particularly advantageous embodiment of the switching device according to the invention, which is characterized in that a movable switching body is arranged in a flow line section both in front of and after the heating device in the water flow direction to which a respective position sensor is assigned.
- a particularly high level of safety when switching on and off the heating device, when reaching or falling below the predetermined flow rate, whereby there can be practically no malfunction if on the inlet side, in front of the heating device, the cold water is warmer or colder depending on the season, with the temperature of the incoming water also changes its viscosity, and these changes in viscosity could possibly lead to movement of the switch body with slightly different flow rate values.
- a logic circuit defining an average flow rate at which the switching process is triggered could be connected to the two position sensors in order to compensate for any fluctuations on the “hot” or “cold” side in the flow line To effect sections with switch body. It has been shown, however, that a simple design while at the same time achieving a particularly high level of safety is possible if the heating device can only be activated by the switching unit when both position sensors change the position of the movable switching bodies from the rest position to have detected the switching position. In this development, the output signals of the two position sensors in the switching unit are thus linked to one another in the manner of a logical “AND” circuit, and the switching unit only activates the heating device when both position sensor switching signals are present.
- the increased safety of the present embodiment has a particular effect particularly when the device is switched off, since any heating of the water for too long due to hysteresis phenomena is avoided.
- a temperature sensor which acts as a safety switch, is assigned to that section of the flow line downstream of the heating device for detecting the temperature of the heated water element against overheating is connected to the switching unit.
- the temperature sensor is formed by a temperature-dependent electrical resistor, in particular an NTC resistor.
- the or each flow line section with switching body is a bypass line arranged in the bypass to a main line for the water flow.
- the water flow is split up, and only a part of the water flow, in the bypass, is used for the switching process, a particularly precise switching behavior being achieved in this way.
- the bypass line has a smaller flow cross-section than the main line. This practically enables independence between the conditions in the main line and those in the bypass line, in the "switching line".
- bypass line consists of a straight line section connected to the main line via connecting lines, in the two end regions of which the two positions of the switching body, the rest position and the switching position.
- the housing block is advantageously a one-piece plastic block, preferably made of acrylic glass.
- the housing block is advantageously a one-piece plastic block, preferably made of acrylic glass.
- Such a material is on the one hand sufficiently impact-resistant and temperature-resistant, and on the other hand it also enables the use of optical position sensors, as will be explained in more detail below.
- the or each flow line section and, if appropriate, the main and connecting lines are or are formed by (a) hole (s) which are provided on the block surface with connection fittings or, if appropriate, locking screws is or are.
- the heating device is preferably an electrical resistance heating device, although in principle with the present switching device also e.g. a gas heater could be turned on and off.
- the resistance heating device is attached directly inside a line through which the water to be heated flows.
- Such a resistance heating device enables the water to be heated with a high degree of efficiency, the possible overheating, which would otherwise be feared, being avoided with sufficient certainty by the above-mentioned correct switching of the switching device according to the invention.
- an optically operating position sensor is preferably used, and it is accordingly particularly advantageous if the or each position sensor is formed by a light barrier switch constructed with a light source and a photo element opposite this light source.
- the path of the light beam from the light source to the photo element is the path of movement of the switch body, it being provided in particular that the light beam or "light barriers” is interrupted by the movable switch body in its rest position, and that the light beam can strike the photo element if the movable switch body its rest position leaves and changes to its switching position.
- the light beam striking the photo element then causes an electrical signal which is used in the switching unit to trigger the switching process, ie to switch on the heating device.
- a phototransistor or a photodiode is preferably used as the photo element.
- any other conventional position sensor can be used.
- the or each position sensor is formed by an inductive proximity switch, or if the or each position sensor is formed by a capacitive position sensor.
- Such inductive or capacitive position sensors are known per se and are commercially available, and they are of advantage if, for some reason, no transparent material can be used for the line walls, the position sensor nonetheless being to be attached outside the flow line section in order to so to install the electronic components outside the water.
- the or each movable switching body is a metallic body.
- the advantage is generally achieved that there is a body to be machined to exact dimensions, which allows the switching flow rate to be determined particularly precisely. It is also important for this that there is a relatively large difference in the specific mass compared to the water, which facilitates the dimension calculations.
- the or each switching body is rod-shaped and the associated flow line section is straight.
- the switch body is circular cylindrical.
- the arrangement in the present switching device can be such that the switching movement of the switching body is carried out independently of the orientation, with a feedback device for the switching body, in particular in the form of a (tension) spring, for example a helical spring or a rubber spring is provided.
- a feedback device for the switching body in particular in the form of a (tension) spring, for example a helical spring or a rubber spring is provided.
- return devices are additional components that can shorten the overall service life of the switching device, returning the switching body from the switching or working position to the rest position is preferred only due to the force of gravity.
- the or each flow line section containing a movable switching body is designed to be straight and arranged vertically.
- the switch body then has a lower rest position and an upper switch position from which it falls down again due to the force of gravity if no or too little water flows; the preferred metallic construction of the switching body mentioned above is also advantageous for this.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic embodiment of the switching device.
- FIG. 2 shows a similar basic diagram of a switching device with a double switching function
- 3 shows a diagrammatic, exploded view of a housing block including locking screws and connection fittings for such an embodiment of the switching device with a double switching function in a switching block;
- Fig. 5 is a front view of such a switch block
- FIG. 6 shows, on an enlarged scale, a vertical section through such a switch block along the line VI-VI in FIG. 4, to illustrate the two flow line sections each receiving a switch body;
- Fig. 7 also on an enlarged scale a horizontal section through such a switch block, along the line VII-VII in Fig. 5, to illustrate the arrangement of the optical position sensors;
- FIG. 8 shows a view of the switching block according to FIGS. 3 to 5 from the left, according to arrow VIII in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a switching unit with thyristor control for a three-phase heating device.
- FIG. 1 shows a switching device for flow heaters, denoted overall by 1, a heating device 2, for example in the form of an electrical resistance heater, being shown only very schematically.
- This heating device 2 is located, for example, inside a container 3, from which an outlet line 4 to an outlet valve or tap of a fitting, generally indicated by 5, and from there to an outlet 6.
- the switching device 1 has a switching block 7 in more detail, which consists of a one-piece housing block 8 in which the sensor elements required for triggering the switching on and off of the heating device 2 are arranged, as will be explained in more detail below.
- the housing block 8 is preferably a one-piece block made of plastic material, in particular acrylic glass, but can also consist of another material.
- the housing block 8 is provided with bores, on the one hand to provide a main line 9 for the flow of water and a bypass line 10 arranged in parallel with this main line 9 and parallel to it as the flow line section in which a switching body 11 moves freely Lich is arranged.
- the two lines 9, 10 are connected via a common connecting line or bore 12 to a cold water inlet, ie to a water line 13, and on the output side of the switching block 7 an output line 15 is connected to a common outlet bore 14, which leads to the heater 2.
- the switch body 11 is illustrated in Fig. 1 with solid lines in its lower rest position, whereas it is shown dotted in its upper switch position.
- the arrangement of the bypass line 10 is vertical, the water flowing in the direction of the arrow, inside the housing block 8 from bottom to top.
- the switch body 11 is in its lower rest position when the outlet valve 5 is closed and therefore no water flows.
- the water begins to flow through the inlet line 13 into and through the switching block 7 and from there via the outlet line 15 to the heating device 2 and finally to the outlet 6.
- the water In the interior of the switching block 7, the water mainly flows up through the main line 9, but a proportional part of the water also flows up through the bypass line 10, and when a predetermined flow rate is reached, the switching body 11 is carried along and raised.
- the outlet valve 5 is only opened a little, correspondingly little water flows through the main line 9 and the bypass line 10, and the switching body 11 is raised only slightly, if at all, but not in reaches its upper switching position; it essentially remains in its rest position, an optical position sensor 16 in the form of a light barrier switch, consisting of an incandescent lamp as light source 17 and a photo transistor as a photosensitive element or photo element 18 for short, remaining inactive since the switching body 11 takes the light beam from the light source 17 to Photo element 18 still interrupts. Accordingly, in this situation, the photo element 18 does not output a control signal, so that the resistance heater 2 is not energized, and thus the water is not heated.
- a light barrier switch consisting of an incandescent lamp as light source 17 and a photo transistor as a photosensitive element or photo element 18 for short, remaining inactive since the switching body 11 takes the light beam from the light source 17 to Photo element 18 still interrupts. Accordingly, in this situation, the photo element 18 does not output a control signal, so
- the switch body 11 with the flowing water in the flow line section 10 moves upwards (see the dotted position in FIG. 1), the light beam now coming from the light source 17 to the photo element 18 and in this triggers an electrical control signal which is used in a switching unit 19 shown only schematically in FIG. 1 to switch on the heating current to the resistance heating device 2, so that the water is heated.
- a switching unit 19 shown only schematically in FIG. 1 to switch on the heating current to the resistance heating device 2, so that the water is heated.
- the metallic switching body 12 sinks again when the flow in the bypass line 10 falls below the set value due to the force of gravity, and it enters the light barrier switch again, i.e. into the radiation path between the light source 17 and the photo element 18, so that the control signal emitted by the photo element 18 is interrupted again; As a result, the switching unit 19 switches off the heating current to the heating device 2, and the heating device 2 no longer heats the water.
- FIG. 1 is intended to provide a general illustration of the principle according to the invention, the individual components and in particular also the switching block 7 not being illustrated to scale, but rather only being illustrated schematically.
- FIG. 2 A currently particularly preferred embodiment of the switching device according to the invention is to be explained below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9, the principle of this switching device having a double switching function, however, being described briefly beforehand using the basic diagram of FIG.
- the illustration in FIG. 2 is likewise only kept very schematically, and in particular two switching blocks 7, 7 'with corresponding switching bodies 11, 11' are shown for ease of understanding, which are freely movable in associated flow line sections 10 and 10 '. 1 - are recorded, whereas in practice, as will become apparent from the following description with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9, a single, common, uniform switching block with both switching bodies is preferably provided.
- FIG. 2 the same reference numerals have been used in FIG. 2 for components which correspond to those according to FIG. 1 as in FIG. 1, optionally with the addition of an apostrophe.
- a switch block 7 with a movable switch body 11 is not only arranged in a flow line section 10 in the cold water inlet in front of the heating device 2, but also in the outlet line 4 after the heating device 2 a corresponding flow line section 10 ', with a likewise freely movable switch body 11 ', on the output side of which the water tap or the outlet valve 5 is then connected to the subsequent outlet 6.
- the position sensors assigned to the two switching bodies 11, 11 'and shown only schematically in FIG. 2, which are likewise preferably optical position sensors similar to those according to FIG. 1, are connected to the sensor via associated signal lines 20, 21 Heating device 2 associated switching unit 19 connected.
- a temperature sensor 22 preferably in the form of a temperature-dependent resistor, in particular an NTC resistor, is arranged in the region of the flow line section 11 'downstream of the heating device 2 and is likewise connected to the switching unit 19 via an associated signal line 23 .
- the three signal lines 20, 21 and 23 are logically linked to one another in the switching unit 19 such that the activation of the heating device 2 (for this activation, a switch 24 in the power supply 25 of the heating device 2 is illustrated schematically in FIG.
- a single, uniform switching block 107 is provided, which is formed by a one-piece housing block 108 made of acrylic glass, in which various bores, which will be explained in more detail below, are provided in order to accommodate the various lines through which water flows as well as the receiving spaces for the elements of the position sensors. These bores are on the outside or surface of the housing block 108 where the various inlet and outlet lines are to be connected, with screwed-in connection fittings 127 (for the cold water inlet line), 128 (for those not shown in FIGS. 3 to 9) Illustrated heater, 2 in Figs. 1 and 2, leading output line, 15 in Figs.
- connection fittings 127 to 130 and the locking screws 131 to 138 are each screwed into the corresponding bores with the interposition of O-ring seals 139.
- Two bores 140, 141 are then provided in the housing block 108 on the "cold" side (corresponding to block 7 in FIG. 2), one of which, 140, forms the main line (9 in FIG. 1) for the flow of water , whereas the other, 141, forms the flow line section (10 in FIG. 1) receiving the movable switching body 111 (cf. in particular FIGS. 6 and 7) or the bypass line, as mentioned above.
- the bore 141 forming the bypass line is connected to the main line bore 140 or the output bore 114 receiving the outlet connection fitting 128 via transverse connecting lines or bores 142 or 143 closed off by the screw plugs 131 or 132 on the outside.
- the incandescent lamp 147 and the photodiode 146 lie opposite one another, with the bypass line bore 141 being provided between them, in which the switch body 111 is movably received, so that the photodiode 146 and the incandescent lamp 147 together form an optical position sensor or light barrier switch Form detection of the position of the switching body 111.
- Corresponding power supply and signal lines 147 are connected, as is illustrated only very schematically in FIG. 7 at 148 and 149, respectively.
- line bores 140' and 141 'for the formation of the main line and of the bypass line or the flow line portion that receives the movable switch body 111 ' is provided.
- the heating device 2 (not shown in FIG. 3) can be connected to the top of the housing block 108 via the connection fittings 128, 129, so that the water inlet is not on the "hot” side from below, as on the "cold” side, but from above, coming from the heating device 2.
- a third vertical bore 150 is provided on the "hot" side which forms a feed line for the bypass bore 141 '.
- connection fitting 129 In order to avoid the switch body 111' (see FIG 6 and 7) in a manner corresponding to lifting the switch body 111 on the "cold" side of the switch block 107 when a predetermined flow rate is reached against the gravitational force acting on it, is carried out from above, by the connection fitting 129, via the feed line bore 150 down and by way of a lower horizontal connecting bore 153 of the bypass bore 141 from the bottom bypass some of the water.
- a lower horizontal compensating bore 154 is provided between the bores 140 ', 141' which are parallel to one another but flowed through in countercurrent, this compensating bore 154 having a cross section which is reduced in comparison with the other bore cross sections has, so that coming from the connection bore 153, bring about a water back pressure and thereby move the switching body 111 'in the bypass bore 141' when the predetermined flow value is reached.
- the locking screws 131, 136 and 132, 135 serve as stops, these locking screws 131, 136, 132, 135 being screwed in Project the condition into the respective bores 141 and 141 'accordingly.
- This stop function is not shown in detail in the drawing, but results indirectly from the illustration, for example, in FIG.
- FIGS. 4, 5 and 8 and 9 the drawing schematically indicating in the drawing at the bore mouths in each case by reference numbers given in brackets, which Connection fittings or screw plugs must be attached.
- connection fittings 127 to 130 and locking screws 131 to 138 can be made of brass, for example.
- an NTC resistor exposed on the end face is then installed as a temperature sensor 122, e.g. poured, cf. 6, wherein this temperature sensor 122 is connected via a line 123 - corresponding to line 23 in FIG. 2 - to the electrical switching unit (see FIG. 10), which is not shown in FIGS. 3 to 9.
- FIG. 10 shows a block diagram for the schematic illustration of an embodiment of the switching unit 19 responsible for switching the heating device 2 on and off and for power regulation.
- a three-phase system with the three phases L1, L2, and L3, a neutral conductor N and a protective earth 160 is available, and accordingly three electrical heating resistors 161, 162 and 163 are connected to the three phases Ll, L2 and L3 connected.
- These three heating resistors 161 to 163 form the above-mentioned heating device 2.
- These heating resistors 161, 162, 163 are connected via thyristors 164, 165 and 166 with the associated phases L1, L2 and L3 as switches (cf. switch 24 in FIG. 2) connected.
- the control electrodes of the three thyristors 164, 165 and 166 are connected to the output of a zero-crossing detector 167, which is connected to the three phases L1, L2 and L3 with three inputs and when the heating device 2 is to be switched on or off, outputs a switching signal to the control electrodes of thyristors 164, 165 and 166 in the respective zero crossing of the individual phases. In this way, no voltage jumps occur during operation or interference voltages are avoided.
- the heating power or three-phase power in the present embodiment is due to the percentage duty cycle of thyristors 164, 165 and 166 are adjustable, for which purpose a power actuator 168 is provided, for example with an infinitely adjustable potentiometer, not shown.
- the switching signals are schematically illustrated in FIG. 10, with associated control electronics 169, which can be implemented in a wide variety of forms, being provided on the other Output of the zero crossing detector 167 is connected.
- a corresponding control signal is only sent to the zero crossing detector 167 if both position sensors, i.e. determine both photodiodes 146, 146 ', a change of the respective switching body 111 or 111' from the rest position to the upper switching position, i.e. when they receive light and when the NTC resistor 122 detects a water temperature below a predetermined upper limit.
- Corresponding control pulses are applied via the control electronics 169 to the zero crossing detector 167, which control the thyristors 164, 165 and 166, so that the load current through the thyristors 164, 165 and 166, depending on the setting of the power actuator 168, is allowed through at times.
- a clock generator (not illustrated in more detail) can be provided, for example, within the control electronics 169.
- the zero-crossing detector 167 causes the thyristors 164, 165 and 166 to always allow full half-waves to pass through.
- the thyristors 164, 165, 166 are switched via the zero-crossing detector 167 locked, ie the heating device 2 is switched off.
- This ⁇ for example, to a throttling of the flow rate by means of the valve (outlet valve 5 in Fig. 1 and 2) be due.
- the diameters of the various bores forming the main lines, bypass lines and connecting lines were 6.5 mm, and the diameter of the rod-shaped cylindrical switching bodies 111 and 111 'was 6 mm .
- the length of the main line bores 140, 140 'and the bypass line bores 141, 141' was approximately 34 mm, and the length of the switch bodies 111 and 111 'was approximately 20 mm.
- the diameter of the compensating bore 154 like the diameter of the receiving bores 145 and 145 'for the incandescent lamps 147 and 147', was 3.3 mm, whereas the diameter of the receiving bores 144 and 144 'for the photodiodes 146 and 146' 5, was 5 mm.
- the acrylic resin material thickness remaining between the respective bypass line bores 141 and 141 'and the receiving bores 144, 144' and 145, 145 'for the photodiodes 146, 146' and light bulbs 147, 147 ' was approximately 2 and 2, respectively. 5 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1992/000013 WO1993016336A1 (de) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Schaltvorrichtung für durchlauferhitzer |
BR9207083A BR9207083A (pt) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Dispositivo comutador |
JP4503851A JPH07505947A (ja) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | 流体ヒータの切換装置 |
AU12280/92A AU1228092A (en) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Switching device for instantaneous water heaters |
CA002129331A CA2129331A1 (en) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Switching device for instantaneous water heaters |
EP92903993A EP0624237A1 (de) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Schaltvorrichtung für durchlauferhitzer |
SK923-94A SK92394A3 (en) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Switching device for instantaneous water heater |
FI943595A FI943595A (fi) | 1992-02-06 | 1994-08-02 | Kytkentälaite läpivirtauskuumenninta varten |
NO942904A NO942904L (no) | 1992-02-06 | 1994-08-04 | Koblingsinnretning for batterivannvarmere |
KR1019940702705A KR950700520A (ko) | 1992-02-06 | 1994-08-05 | 플로 히터용 스위치 장치(switching device for instantaneous water heaters) |
BG99014A BG99014A (en) | 1992-02-06 | 1994-08-30 | Switchgear for dc water heaters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1992/000013 WO1993016336A1 (de) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Schaltvorrichtung für durchlauferhitzer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993016336A1 true WO1993016336A1 (de) | 1993-08-19 |
Family
ID=3683069
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1992/000013 WO1993016336A1 (de) | 1992-02-06 | 1992-02-06 | Schaltvorrichtung für durchlauferhitzer |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0624237A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH07505947A (de) |
KR (1) | KR950700520A (de) |
AU (1) | AU1228092A (de) |
BG (1) | BG99014A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2129331A1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI943595A (de) |
NO (1) | NO942904L (de) |
SK (1) | SK92394A3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993016336A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1043572A1 (de) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | Ecolab Inc. | Vorrichtung zum Feststellen des Fliessens einer Flüssigkeit |
GB2440671A (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-06 | Quip Ltd Spa | Optical water sensor |
US20210071912A1 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-11 | Borgwarner Emissions Systems (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. | Heater for vehicle |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107255362B (zh) * | 2012-02-09 | 2019-12-17 | 特电株式会社 | 流体加热装置 |
JP6043608B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-22 | 2016-12-14 | トクデン株式会社 | 流体加熱装置 |
TWI608204B (zh) * | 2012-02-09 | 2017-12-11 | 特電股份有限公司 | 流體加熱裝置 |
DE102015011755A1 (de) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-16 | Grohe Ag | Messfühler für eine Sanitäreinrichtung |
CN113884154B (zh) * | 2020-07-03 | 2023-10-31 | 成都秦川物联网科技股份有限公司 | 用于物联网智能燃气表的基于mcu的双路光电采样方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1062522A (en) * | 1962-04-17 | 1967-03-22 | Alfred Charles Grubb | Instantaneous electric water heaters |
GB1419618A (en) * | 1971-12-10 | 1975-12-31 | Brain J E | Apparatus for heating liquids |
DE2605642A1 (de) * | 1976-02-12 | 1977-08-25 | Siebert & Kuehn Dr | Vorrichtung zum ueberwachen der stroemungsmenge von fluessigen oder gasfoermigen medien in leitungen |
GB2130693A (en) * | 1982-09-18 | 1984-06-06 | Plas Tec Products Limited | Water heater |
EP0169153A1 (de) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-01-22 | Jean-Pierre Boiteux | Strömungsdetektor |
-
1992
- 1992-02-06 CA CA002129331A patent/CA2129331A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-02-06 EP EP92903993A patent/EP0624237A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-02-06 SK SK923-94A patent/SK92394A3/sk unknown
- 1992-02-06 JP JP4503851A patent/JPH07505947A/ja active Pending
- 1992-02-06 AU AU12280/92A patent/AU1228092A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-02-06 WO PCT/AT1992/000013 patent/WO1993016336A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-08-02 FI FI943595A patent/FI943595A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-08-04 NO NO942904A patent/NO942904L/no unknown
- 1994-08-05 KR KR1019940702705A patent/KR950700520A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-08-30 BG BG99014A patent/BG99014A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1062522A (en) * | 1962-04-17 | 1967-03-22 | Alfred Charles Grubb | Instantaneous electric water heaters |
GB1419618A (en) * | 1971-12-10 | 1975-12-31 | Brain J E | Apparatus for heating liquids |
DE2605642A1 (de) * | 1976-02-12 | 1977-08-25 | Siebert & Kuehn Dr | Vorrichtung zum ueberwachen der stroemungsmenge von fluessigen oder gasfoermigen medien in leitungen |
GB2130693A (en) * | 1982-09-18 | 1984-06-06 | Plas Tec Products Limited | Water heater |
EP0169153A1 (de) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-01-22 | Jean-Pierre Boiteux | Strömungsdetektor |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1043572A1 (de) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | Ecolab Inc. | Vorrichtung zum Feststellen des Fliessens einer Flüssigkeit |
GB2440671A (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-06 | Quip Ltd Spa | Optical water sensor |
US20210071912A1 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-11 | Borgwarner Emissions Systems (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. | Heater for vehicle |
US11709001B2 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2023-07-25 | Borgwarner Emissions Systems (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. | Flow sensor for vehicle liquid heater which protects against overheating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2129331A1 (en) | 1993-08-07 |
JPH07505947A (ja) | 1995-06-29 |
NO942904D0 (de) | 1994-08-04 |
SK92394A3 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
AU1228092A (en) | 1993-09-03 |
KR950700520A (ko) | 1995-01-16 |
NO942904L (no) | 1994-10-06 |
BG99014A (en) | 1995-07-28 |
FI943595A0 (fi) | 1994-08-02 |
EP0624237A1 (de) | 1994-11-17 |
FI943595A (fi) | 1994-08-02 |
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