Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
  • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
  • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the treatment of animal excrement, liquid manure and liquid manure - further summarized under the term liquids - for the purpose of binding and converting the nitrogen compounds contained in the liquids, mainly ammonia, into fertilizers which are easily absorbed by the plants, and in order to reduce the unpleasant odors contained in the liquids
• the inventive method relates at the same time to a problem solution for the preparation and improvement of the house air.
• liquids are usually collected and stored in containers (for example liquid manure and liquid manure pits), which can consist of a wide variety of materials (e.g. steel, plastic, wood, concrete) - today mainly concrete containers made of in-situ concrete. This also includes containers from biogas plants that contain degassed manure.
• containers for example liquid manure and liquid manure pits
• materials e.g. steel, plastic, wood, concrete
• This also includes containers from biogas plants that contain degassed manure.
• the liquid containers are emptied periodically, mostly depending on the weather and the volume of the container.
• Usable areas such as arable and grassland can be distributed.
• the liquid substances are often distributed using central distributors, e.g. baffle plates, pendulum pipe distributors, sprinkler systems or decentralized distributor rods, in which the substances to be discharged come into contact with the atmospheric air and contaminate them with odorous substances and ammonia.
• central distributors e.g. baffle plates, pendulum pipe distributors, sprinkler systems or decentralized distributor rods, in which the substances to be discharged come into contact with the atmospheric air and contaminate them with odorous substances and ammonia.
• liquid substances have been transported to cultivated agricultural land since ancient times because the liquid substances are valuable plant nutrients in the form of nitrogen
• the natural fertilizer thus contained in the liquids, in particular in the form of nitrogen compounds, is, from an economic point of view, a valuable substance that would otherwise have to be produced by chemical means.
• Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are produced exclusively on the basis of the nitrogen content of the atmospheric air.
• At least 1 kg of carbon in the form of natural gas, oil or coal are required to bind or burn the oxygen content of the air in order to produce 1 kg of nitrogen. If no by-products are made to utilize carbon monoxide, large amounts of carbonic acid are released into the atmosphere, which are reportedly responsible for the so-called greenhouse effect.
• Another environmental problem associated with animal husbandry is the excretion of methane gas, especially in cattle, as is common in ruminants.
• Methane gas has a 30-fold higher ozone depletion potential than carbonic acid. Since methane gas pollutes the environment anyway, especially from fermentation processes of landfill disposal when the landfill gas is not being used and as a conventionally known swamp gas from rice-growing areas and swamp fields, and as fermentation gas from the deposition of sludge in poorly ventilated and water-immobile domestic waters, it is all the more important to realize, at least partial problem solutions.
• the object of the invention is therefore to solve all the problems cited in connection with animal husbandry, ideally in a combined process.
• the ozone layer is obviously damaged.
• the ozone layer that acts around 20 - 50 km around the earth like a protective shield that absorbs the dangerous ultraviolet radiation from sunlight.
• Liquids, or residues resulting from the course of the process such as ammonia residues, methane gas or gaseous odorous substances, for example of the type
• Skatole and mercaptans which is characterized in that the ammonia which is not bound and / or dissolved in the liquids is added to the by adding carbon dioxide and gypsum
• Liquids are converted into a non-volatile nitrogen fertilizer that can be readily absorbed by the plants and preferably used as a source of carbon dioxide from the house, and the liquids generally in a striping process by introducing oxygen, preferably in the form of air and especially house air, from the odorous substances, residual ammonia and from the Stable exhaust air from methane and other volatile substances are relieved, which are burned out of the apparatus, thermally catalytically or with the help of flammable gas.
• oxygen preferably in the form of air and especially house air
• Liquid preparation with the addition of slurried gypsum is best carried out by using precipitated gypsum, such as is obtained from flue gas desulfurization.
• the solids content of gypsum in the slurry should be between 5 and 25%, higher gypsum concentrations being more advantageous for reasons of reaction kinetics.
• the most practical is a gypsum concentration in the slurry of between 10 to 20%, because of the easier dispersibility of gypsum in water and the trouble-free metering of the gypsum slurry into the treatment device.
• the place of plaster dosing into the processing device is also important. This is arranged in such a way that the liquids to be processed meet a high excess of gypsum, in relation to the equivalent requirement of the chemical conversion of the ammonia to ammonium sulfate. This is particularly important since the process takes place at room temperature and therefore no energy supply is required and what the process once again proves to be environmentally friendly.
• the gypsum slurry is therefore preferably metered in at the intake port of the liquid pump 1. This also has the advantage that in the eccentric screw pump 1 there is simultaneous intensive mixing of the reacting substances and since the pump body consists of largely aggressive and abrasion-resistant elastomer material, a possible material weak point is eliminated . Many efforts have been made to solve the inventive problem.
• DE-PS 37 12 788 describes a method for adjusting the calcium requirement when fertilizing with liquid manure, dolomite being added as calcium donor to the liquid manure only in the absence of calcium in the soil.
• Rubbish and Waste 20 (1988) 469-72 describes a process for eliminating ammonium from landfill leachate by chemical precipitation as magnesium ammonium phosphate, which could also be used for ammonium precipitation from liquid manure.
• an auxiliary fuel gas such as propane, butane, natural gas or the like.
• the inventive method is based on the binding of the dissolved ammonia, or only slightly chemically bound ammonia and other basic reacting ingredients in the liquids, by means of gypsum to ammonium sulfate, according to the following chemical formula
• the CaSO 4 is introduced into the process as a dispersion. Gypsum from industrial flue gas desulfurization can therefore be used as an inexpensive raw material.
• the inventive method is environmentally friendly in two respects, since once ammonia is bound and on the other hand an environmental waste product is made usable again.
• the CaSO 4 is introduced into the process without a dispersion aid, advantageously as a so-called slurry.
• a gypsum content in the slurry is advantageous,
• gypsum concentrations in the slurry are between 10 and 30%.
• the reaction takes place at a temperature of around 30 ° C. If this temperature is not negligibly fallen below, this deficiency can be compensated for by increasing the gypsum content in the gypsum slurry.
• the gypsum metering point in the processing apparatus is also of particular importance.
• the gypsum metering point is preferably located
• the mixing areas of chemical processes are usually the largest material wear zones due to flow turbulence, abrasion, chemical corrosion and the like. Since the mixing of the reactants within the
• Eccentric screw pump takes place, the pump body of largely aggressive and abrasive resistant If there is elastomer material, a potential material weak point is eliminated.
• the calcium carbonate obtained as a product in addition to ammonium sulfate is also a useful plant nutrient.
• calcium carbonate acts as a long-term fertilizer and at the same time neutralizes the somewhat acidic ammonium sulfate.
• the precipitation reaction of ammonia by means of gypsum described above is followed simultaneously and / or simultaneously by the degassing of the liquids and the combustion of the gases from the degassing.
• a combustible gas a so-called support gas, must support the combustion.
• Natural gas, propane or butane are used as support gases.
• the combustion of the process exhaust gases must take place in such a way that the combustion of the nitrogen and odor compounds in particular should be guaranteed.
• Ammonia can be partially burned, although nitrogen oxides are produced as combustion products.
• the cited combustion reaction of ammonia generates 302 kcal of energy, since methane with an even higher calorie value is also burned in the exhaust gas mixture considerable usable energy value available.
• This energy from the combustion exhaust air can be used via heat exchangers and used, for example, to heat water.
• combustion of the exhaust gases can also take place catalytically via temperature-controlled catalyst networks or catalyst filters, similar to those of the gasoline engine exhaust gas catalysts.
• ion-sensitive electrodes for measuring the NH 3 , CO 2 and Ca concentration.
• the inventive method has the following advantages.
• heat recovery systems can be installed without any special effort
• the liquid is pumped via the suction head with self-cleaning filter 10 by means of an eccentric screw pump 1 via the pressure / quantity control 2 and the safety overflow 3 into the mixing cylinder 4 of the reactor 17.
• the quantity control 2 can possibly be omitted if the pumped liquid quantity is regulated via the speed of the eccentric screw pump 1.
• the porous body 16 consists of ceramic or plastic material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide or similar plastic raw materials. It is a tubular hollow body with a closed outer wall, open inner wall and fine porous or capillary material.
• the air supply line to the mixing cylinder 4 is automatically designed in such a way that a fine distribution takes place, as is desired for this method.
• the porous body saves an otherwise necessary inlet nozzle.
• the oxygen (air) can also be supplied directly on the pressure side of the eccentric screw pump, which further extends the reaction path of the mixture of the liquids and the gypsum sludge.
• the outlet port 20 of the mixing cylinder 4 is dimensioned such that no pressure can arise in the mixing cylinder, that is to say that the air introduced into the mixing cylinder partially reduces the vapor pressure in the reaction mass.
• a 10% gypsum slurry 37 at the level of the eccentric pump suction connector 38 is fed from the mixing vessel 36 via the metering device 35 to the liquids.
• the gypsum sludge is metered in a volume ratio per unit of time, for example 100 liters per hour.
• the mixing vessel 36 is provided with a stirrer with a motor M, the slurry always remains free-flowing and runs to the metering point under the force of gravity.
• the eccentric screw pump exerts a suction effect.
• a small metering pump for this purpose. In such a case, the speeds of both pumps, the eccentric screw pump for the liquids 1 and the
• Gypsum sludge metering pumps are coordinated so that the raw materials are used in an economically optimal manner.
• the carbon dioxide required to bind ammonia is in the air introduced when house air is used as an air source. If this is not the case, then carbon dioxide from another source must be used, for example from a steel bottle or tank 31, via the valve 32 and the metering control 33 with the inlet lines 34. It is advantageous to use the carbon dioxide at points 39 above the eccentric screw pump outlet into the system. This results in a particularly intensive mixing of the reaction mass and the contact dwell time is extended.
• the liquid which has now been treated leaves the main reaction site via the outlet connection 20.
• the baffle plate 5 separates the liquid substances from the gaseous constituents and the previously introduced gases, such as atmospheric oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide, unreacted ammonia and the unbound remaining ones
• the treated liquids 19 leave the reactor 17 at their own incline and are temporarily stored in a container or transferred directly to the agricultural land to be fertilized via spray containers or lines.
• gaseous process exhaust gases can also be burned catalytically without flame formation, or thermocatalytically on a correspondingly tempered catalyst structure.
• This example is a simplified process version in which the free ammonia is not bound, but is disposed of thermally and / or thermocatalytically together with the other gases resulting from the process and the liquids.
• the procedure is basically the same as in Example 1, but here the procedure of adding gypsum to the reaction mass is omitted.
• This example corresponds to example 1, except that the processing plant is preceded by a thick manure preparation stage.
• this can be installed upstream in stationary systems to ensure that the main process runs more smoothly.
• the ballast 50 basically consists of an overflow vessel 40 and a comminuting piston or grater 4L with a sieve 42.
• Various other, in particular rotating comminuting systems can be used for this purpose.
• This example is a simplified process version or an in situ pretreatment stage.
• the apparatus 60 in FIG. 3 is a very simple modification of the ammonia separation from the animal excrement.
• the channel with the liquids opens into a vessel 61.
• carbon dioxide-containing stable air is blown in 14, 34 61 entered.
• CaCO 3 precipitation now takes place in vessel 61 and, at the same time, ammonium sulfate soluble in the medium is formed.
• the liquids treated in this way reach the actual storage tank for the liquids via the overflow line, from where they can be brought to the agricultural land, or are subjected to further processing in accordance with the method of Example 1
• the settling substances are also discharged via the overflow line 55.
• sludge forms in the vessel 61, it is pumped out by means of a pump 56, for immediate fertilization or for stacking in the storage tank.
• an agitator is operated in vessel 61.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=6441053

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (6)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1991
  • 1991-09-20 DE DE4131296A patent/DE4131296A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1992
  • 1992-09-16 PL PL29932092A patent/PL299320A1/xx unknown
  • 1992-09-16 DE DE59208041T patent/DE59208041D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-09-16 ES ES92919158T patent/ES2103963T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-16 JP JP50576393A patent/JP2545041B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-16 AU AU25480/92A patent/AU656807B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1992-09-16 CA CA 2096644 patent/CA2096644A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-09-16 SK SK49293A patent/SK49293A3/sk unknown
  • 1992-09-16 HU HU9301457A patent/HUT68619A/hu active IP Right Revival
  • 1992-09-16 WO PCT/EP1992/002122 patent/WO1993006063A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1992-09-16 AT AT92919158T patent/ATE148878T1/de active
  • 1992-09-16 EP EP19920919158 patent/EP0559858B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-16 CZ CS93916A patent/CZ91693A3/cs unknown
  • 1992-09-19 CN CN92111669A patent/CN1077704A/zh active Pending

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Non-Patent Citations (1)

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