WO1993001891A1 - Nebuliseur - Google Patents

Nebuliseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993001891A1
WO1993001891A1 PCT/GB1992/001240 GB9201240W WO9301891A1 WO 1993001891 A1 WO1993001891 A1 WO 1993001891A1 GB 9201240 W GB9201240 W GB 9201240W WO 9301891 A1 WO9301891 A1 WO 9301891A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
inlet
nebuliser
outlet
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/001240
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Malcolm Ian Gibbons Bloor
Michael John Wilson
Mark Andrew Kelmanson
Original Assignee
The University Of Leeds
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The University Of Leeds filed Critical The University Of Leeds
Priority to JP5502660A priority Critical patent/JPH07501970A/ja
Priority to EP92915139A priority patent/EP0594704A1/fr
Publication of WO1993001891A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993001891A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0012—Apparatus for achieving spraying before discharge from the apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/001—Particle size control
    • A61M11/002—Particle size control by flow deviation causing inertial separation of transported particles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/06—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes of the injector type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a nebuliser arranged to produce a flow of airborne liquid droplets.
  • the invention relates particularly but not exclusively to apparatus which may be actuated manually during attachment to the user's mouth, for example for delivery of drugs by inhalation.
  • Alternative applications include dispersal of agrochemicals, vaporisation of fuel and other purposes wherein a finely divided spray is sought.
  • a nebuliser comprises a radially symmetrical chamber having a first gas inlet, a second liquid inlet and an outlet, the second liquid inlet and outlet being coaxial of the chamber, the radial dimension of the second liquid inlet being less than the radial dimension of the outlet, the nebuliser being arranged so that liquid entering the chamber through said liquid inlet is drawn by gas passing from the first inlet to the outlet and emerges from the outlet as a spray.
  • the chamber may be cylindrical, conical, fluted or bell shaped. It is preferred that the radius of the chamber does not increase from the liquid inlet to the outlet.
  • a nebuliser comprises a radially symmetrical chamber extending between a first gas inlet and an outlet, the chamber having a second inlet for liquid, the radial dimension of the chamber decreasing from the second inlet to the outlet, arranged so that liquid entering the chamber is drawn by gas passing from the first inlet to the outlet and emerges from the outlet as a spray.
  • the gas is preferably air although inert propellants eg nitrogen and carbon dioxide may be used as necessary.
  • the chamber may be conical although fluted or bell-shaped arrangements may also be employed.
  • the nebuliser includes a shroud surrounding the chamber and incorporates a reservoir for fluid, the shroud being coaxial with the chamber and the shroud further including means for admission of gas to the shroud.
  • the means for admission of gas may comprise vents or other apertures in the body of the shroud.
  • the gas inlet is preferably located tangentially to the chamber.
  • a plurality of gas inlets may be employed.
  • the liquid inlet is preferably a tube connected axially at the inlet.
  • the axial dimension of the tube may be of any convenient length consistent with the ability to draw liquid up the inlet tube from the reservoir.
  • the diameter of the liquid inlet may be selected to afford a suitable liquid flow rate so as to yield a suitable and controllable particle size distribution
  • Rotation of the gas within the chamber causes liquid therein to be drawn in a spiral path along the interior wall of the chamber towards the outlet.
  • the liquid is caused to accelerate by the decreasing radius of the chamber, forming a progressively thinner film which emerges from the outlet as a finely divided spray.
  • the liquid is drawn into the chamber by a reduction in pressure in the chamber due to the flow of gas.
  • a gravity feed, mechanical pump or other means of supply may be provided.
  • Lower driving pressures are required to produce a chosen particle size than is the case with prior art nebulisers. This is advantageous because a lower pressure pump is required or, for manual arrangements, less effort is required by a patient.
  • the proportion of liquid to air by volume in the spray may be small, for example 1 in TO 4 , preferably 1 in 10 6 or smaller, for example 1 in 3 x 10 6 .
  • Pumping of air through the nebuliser requires application of less pressure than pumping of liquid.
  • the invention affords an efficient means of providing a fine liquid spray, especially in comparison to conventional atomisers in which a body of liquid is forced through an orifice. Use of diluent liquids can be avoided.
  • the nebuliser may be arranged so that the axis of the chamber is disposed vertically in use. Excess fluid, for example in the form of large drops or located within the apparatus at the end of a period of use may be arranged to be returned to a reservoir. In arrangements wherein the gas inlet is disposed above or below the outlet excess fluid may be arranged to return to the reservoir by drainage along the shroud surface.
  • the interior of the chamber is preferably smooth to minimise resistance. Formation of a thin liquid layer or film on the surface of the chamber is preferred to provide minimal particle size on separation at the outlet. Particle size distribution may be controlled by selection of the gas and/or liquid flow rate or gas and/or liquid inlet diameter.
  • the liquid inlet may be divided into a multiplicity of apertures for example by means of a screen, baffle or mesh to reduce the liquid film thickness at entry.
  • a nebuliser in accordance with this invention may find many applications. Delivery of drugs to the lungs by inhalation is facilitated, particularly since the apparatus may have a simple construction involving no moving parts. Self administration of a drug is particularly convenient.
  • the nebuliser may also be used for vaporisation of petrol in a carburettor of an internal combustion engine. Use in spraying apparatus, for example for dispersion of agrochemicals or for vaporisation of fuels is also facilitated.
  • a feature of the invention is the ability to return material, in the form of larger droplets which would otherwise be wasted, to a reservoir.
  • the apparatus may be actuated using a low pressure gas supply, particularly when using a tangential inlet which creates a much reduced pressure within the vortex chamber.
  • the apparatus may be employed to disperse liquids, finely divided solids or mixtures thereof. The need for diluents is reduced or eliminated.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-section through a nebuliser in accordance with this invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the nebuliser shown in Figure
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 5 is three views illustrating nomenclature of dimensions
  • Figure 6 illustrates various views of a nebuliser in accordance with this invention
  • Figure 7 illustrates various views of an alternative nebuliser in accordance with this invention.
  • Figure 8 illustrates operation of the nebuliser shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 illustrates operation of the nebuliser shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 10 shows a nebuliser having a shroud.
  • the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a vortex chamber 1 having a lower cylindrical portion through which an inlet 2 is arranged to provide a supply of air or other propellant gas.
  • the chamber 1 is radially symmetrical and has a conical portion wherein the radius decreases towards an upper outlet 3.
  • An inlet for liquid 4 communicates with a reservoir 5 containing a supply of liquid to be dispersed.
  • a shroud 6 surrounds the chamber 1 and is provided with vents 9 through which air or other gas may enter the apparatus.
  • An outlet 8, coaxial with the chamber 1 allows the liquid spray to pass from the apparatus in use.
  • the gas supply 11 may be delivered under pressure to the apparatus to provide consistent delivery of the spray. Excess fluid within the chamber 14 may return to the reservoir 13 by drainage through the inlet pipe 12 when the air supply is shut off.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment wherein the aerosol spray 20 is delivered downwardly, the inlet 21 being disposed above the outlet 22 of the chamber 23.
  • liquid is drawn from the reservoir 24 through an inlet pipe 25 but excess fluid may collect on the exterior of the pipe 25 and drain along it to return to the reservoir. Also excessively large droplets from the outlet 22 will be caught in the reservoir 24.
  • the apparatus does not require manufacture to high dimensional tolerances, the following dimensions have been found to be useful.
  • the nozzle diameter g would usually be greater than the inlet diameter a.
  • the ratio of chamber diameter f to inlet diameter should be between
  • the ratio of air inlet major diameter d to air inlet minor diameter e may be approximately 4 so that the air inlet speed will be accelerated merely by reduction in the inlet pipe diameter.
  • the length of the conical portion, c may be from 0 to twice the width of the chamber, f.
  • the length of the neck, b may be from 0 to 4d.
  • the exterior chamber is used as a baffling arrangement to return oversize (ie non-respirable) particles to the drug reservoir.
  • a flow rate of 16 1 min" 1 may be employed to produce respirable particles at a pressure drop of less than 700g cm "2 across the apparatus.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a nebuliser in accordance with this invention comprising a radially symmetrical chamber having an inlet 30 for liquid disposed axially thereof and an outlet 29 for the spray.
  • the diameter of the outlet 29 is greater than the inlet 30.
  • the Inlet 30 comprises an axially extending tube arranged to communicate with a reservoir of liquid in use.
  • An inlet 31 for compressed air communicates tangentially with the cylindrical lower portion of the radially symmetrical chamber.
  • the upper portion of the chamber is shaped conically and decreases from the lower portion at which the air inlet 31 is connected to the apical outlet 29.
  • Figure 7 illustrates an alternative nebuliser comprising a generally cylindrical chamber having an outlet 35 and inlet 36 disposed axially thereof.
  • the diameter of the outlet 35 is greater than that of the inlet tube 36.
  • a low pressure gas supply 37 extends tangentially of the chamber.
  • FIG 8. Use of the nebuliser shown in Figure 6 is illustrated in Figure 8. Rotation of air delivered from the tangential inlet 31 (not shown) towards the outlet 29 causes liquid 41 to be drawn from the inlet tube 44. The direction of rotation of gas carrying entrained liquid droplets is shown at 43. The liquid is caused to pass in a spiral manner from the cylindrical wall 39 of the chamber and across the conical wall portion 40. Upon reaching the outlet 29 the liquid film disintegrates to form a conical spray 42.
  • Figure 9 illustrates use of the nebuliser shown in Figure 7.
  • Air from the tangential (not shown) inlet is caused to rotate within the chamber as shown at 50.
  • Liquid drawn from the inlet tube 51 rotates along the lower wall 48 of the chamber, the cylindrical side wall 47 and across the upper surface 46.
  • the film disintegrates at the outlet 35 to form a conical spray 49.
  • Suction created by the passage of air through the chamber is arranged to be sufficient to draw liquid from the reservoir (not shown) through the tube 51.
  • the diameter of the tube 51 may be selected to control the flow rate of liquid into the chamber.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a nebuliser, particularly adapted for use in medical applications.
  • a cylindrical chamber having an outlet 56, liquid inlet tube 57 and tangential gas inlet 58 is disposed within a generally cylindrical shroud 53.
  • the liquid inlet tube 57 communicates with a lower reservoir 59 in which liquid 60 is received.
  • the upper portion of the shroud 53 is partially enclosed 54 to define an aperture 55 through which spray is drawn.
  • the nebuliser liquid 60 is drawn into the cylindrical chamber through the inlet tube 57 by action of air or other gas supplied from the gas inlet 58.
  • Spray emergent from the outlet 56 passes through the orifice 55, for example into a user's mouth. Oversized particles of spray are retained by the shroud 53 and baffle 54 and are allowed to drain into the reservoir 60 for reuse.
  • a nebuliser may be adapted to operate in orientations other than vertical.
  • the reservoir may be enclosed to prevent spillage of liquid and the inlet tube 57 may be correspondingly shaped.
  • a flexible tube 57 may communicate with a reservoir 60 held externally of the shroud 53.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

Un nébuliseur comprend une chambre symétrique radiale (1) s'étendant entre une première amenée de gaz (2), une seconde amenée de liquide (4) et une sortie (3), la dimension radiale de la seconde amenée de liquide étant plus petite que celle de la sortie et est agencée de façon que le liquide pénétrant dans la chambre par ladite amenée de liquide soit entraîné par le gaz passant de la première amenée à la sortie pour s'évacuer sous forme de pulvérisation.
PCT/GB1992/001240 1991-07-16 1992-07-08 Nebuliseur WO1993001891A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5502660A JPH07501970A (ja) 1991-07-16 1992-07-08 噴霧器
EP92915139A EP0594704A1 (fr) 1991-07-16 1992-07-08 Nebuliseur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919115340A GB9115340D0 (en) 1991-07-16 1991-07-16 Nebuliser
GB9115340.3 1991-07-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993001891A1 true WO1993001891A1 (fr) 1993-02-04

Family

ID=10698440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/001240 WO1993001891A1 (fr) 1991-07-16 1992-07-08 Nebuliseur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0594704A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07501970A (fr)
AU (1) AU2244392A (fr)
GB (1) GB9115340D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993001891A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997018847A1 (fr) * 1995-11-07 1997-05-29 Arborelius Lolita Med Firma Viasol Marketing Nebuliseur a separateur d'aerosol a tourbillon
WO1999047273A2 (fr) * 1998-03-18 1999-09-23 Lytesyde L.L.C. Systeme et procede de traitement de medicament
US5957389A (en) * 1996-01-25 1999-09-28 Paul Ritzau Pari-Werk Gmbh Nebuliser
US6199465B1 (en) 1996-11-29 2001-03-13 Fuji Koeki Co., Ltd. Liquid coater
GB2375310A (en) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-13 Cambridge Consultants Inhalers
WO2003008106A1 (fr) * 2001-07-18 2003-01-30 Accentus Plc Appareil de mise en contact d'un gaz et d'un liquide
JP2003062074A (ja) * 2001-08-29 2003-03-04 Tomohiko Hashiba 吸入装置
US6659370B1 (en) 1998-05-25 2003-12-09 Fuji Bc Engineering Co., Ltd. Liquid spray device and cutting method
US6773212B2 (en) 2000-10-26 2004-08-10 Fuji Koeki Co., Ltd. Cutting-oil coater and cutting device
US7025056B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2006-04-11 Vectura Delivery Devices Limited Assymetric inhaler
US20070074722A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Kurve Technology, Inc. Medicament delivery control, monitoring, and reporting system and method
US7246617B1 (en) 1999-06-23 2007-07-24 Vectura Delivery Devices Limited Inhalers
EP2298452A1 (fr) * 2008-06-25 2011-03-23 The Federal State Unite "State Research Institute Of Highly Pure Biopreperations" Federal Agency For Medicine And Biology Appareil pour formation d aérosols
US8968576B2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2015-03-03 The Administrators Of The Tulane Educational Fund Nebulizing treatment method
US9352106B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2016-05-31 Kurve Technology, Inc. Particle dispersion device for nasal delivery
US9572943B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2017-02-21 Kurve Technology, Inc. Particle dispersion device for nasal delivery
EP3524302A1 (fr) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-14 Nli GmbH Générateur d'aérosol

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011189248A (ja) * 2010-03-12 2011-09-29 Honda Motor Co Ltd 塗装機及び塗装装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB640808A (en) * 1948-08-31 1950-07-26 Charles Austen Ltd Improvements in and relating to apparatus for the nebulisation of liquids
FR989494A (fr) * 1949-06-24 1951-09-10 Hydrateur atomiseur
FR1152856A (fr) * 1953-06-11 1958-02-26 Fr D Etudes Et De Realisations Atomiseur
WO1981001186A1 (fr) * 1979-10-25 1981-04-30 Dala Invest Ab Procede et dispositif pour l'obtention de microgouttes
AU517254B2 (en) * 1973-06-19 1981-07-16 Rhone-Progil S.A. Process for contacting substances
FR2573985A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Diffusion Tech Fse Appareil nebulisateur perfectionne pour l'administration d'aerosols medicamenteux
US4884746A (en) * 1987-02-05 1989-12-05 Radial Turbine International A/S Fuel nozzle and improved system and method for injecting fuel into a gas turbine engine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB640808A (en) * 1948-08-31 1950-07-26 Charles Austen Ltd Improvements in and relating to apparatus for the nebulisation of liquids
FR989494A (fr) * 1949-06-24 1951-09-10 Hydrateur atomiseur
FR1152856A (fr) * 1953-06-11 1958-02-26 Fr D Etudes Et De Realisations Atomiseur
AU517254B2 (en) * 1973-06-19 1981-07-16 Rhone-Progil S.A. Process for contacting substances
WO1981001186A1 (fr) * 1979-10-25 1981-04-30 Dala Invest Ab Procede et dispositif pour l'obtention de microgouttes
FR2573985A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Diffusion Tech Fse Appareil nebulisateur perfectionne pour l'administration d'aerosols medicamenteux
US4884746A (en) * 1987-02-05 1989-12-05 Radial Turbine International A/S Fuel nozzle and improved system and method for injecting fuel into a gas turbine engine

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2321605A (en) * 1995-11-07 1998-08-05 Arborelius Lolita Nebuliser with vortex aerosol separator
WO1997018847A1 (fr) * 1995-11-07 1997-05-29 Arborelius Lolita Med Firma Viasol Marketing Nebuliseur a separateur d'aerosol a tourbillon
US5957389A (en) * 1996-01-25 1999-09-28 Paul Ritzau Pari-Werk Gmbh Nebuliser
US6679484B2 (en) 1996-11-29 2004-01-20 Fuji Bc Engineering Co., Ltd. Cutting liquid coater
US6199465B1 (en) 1996-11-29 2001-03-13 Fuji Koeki Co., Ltd. Liquid coater
US6460831B2 (en) 1996-11-29 2002-10-08 Fuji Bc Engineering Co., Ltd. Cutting liquid coater
WO1999047273A3 (fr) * 1998-03-18 1999-11-25 Lytesyde L L C Systeme et procede de traitement de medicament
WO1999047273A2 (fr) * 1998-03-18 1999-09-23 Lytesyde L.L.C. Systeme et procede de traitement de medicament
US6659370B1 (en) 1998-05-25 2003-12-09 Fuji Bc Engineering Co., Ltd. Liquid spray device and cutting method
US7246617B1 (en) 1999-06-23 2007-07-24 Vectura Delivery Devices Limited Inhalers
US6773212B2 (en) 2000-10-26 2004-08-10 Fuji Koeki Co., Ltd. Cutting-oil coater and cutting device
US7025056B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2006-04-11 Vectura Delivery Devices Limited Assymetric inhaler
GB2375310A (en) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-13 Cambridge Consultants Inhalers
WO2003008106A1 (fr) * 2001-07-18 2003-01-30 Accentus Plc Appareil de mise en contact d'un gaz et d'un liquide
JP2003062074A (ja) * 2001-08-29 2003-03-04 Tomohiko Hashiba 吸入装置
WO2003020348A1 (fr) * 2001-08-29 2003-03-13 Bio Media Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'aspiration
US9572943B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2017-02-21 Kurve Technology, Inc. Particle dispersion device for nasal delivery
US9352106B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2016-05-31 Kurve Technology, Inc. Particle dispersion device for nasal delivery
US10668230B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2020-06-02 Kurve Technology, Inc. Particle dispersion chamber for nasal nebulizer
US8968576B2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2015-03-03 The Administrators Of The Tulane Educational Fund Nebulizing treatment method
US20070074722A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Kurve Technology, Inc. Medicament delivery control, monitoring, and reporting system and method
EP2298452A1 (fr) * 2008-06-25 2011-03-23 The Federal State Unite "State Research Institute Of Highly Pure Biopreperations" Federal Agency For Medicine And Biology Appareil pour formation d aérosols
EP2298452A4 (fr) * 2008-06-25 2011-12-14 Fed State Unite State Res Inst Of Highly Pure Biopreperations Fed Agency For Medicine And Biology Appareil pour formation d aérosols
EP3524302A1 (fr) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-14 Nli GmbH Générateur d'aérosol
WO2019154975A1 (fr) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-15 Nli Gmbh Générateur d'aérosol
US11648358B2 (en) 2018-02-08 2023-05-16 Nli Gmbh Aerosol generator with offset inlet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0594704A1 (fr) 1994-05-04
JPH07501970A (ja) 1995-03-02
GB9115340D0 (en) 1991-08-28
AU2244392A (en) 1993-02-23

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