Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/002—Non alkali-metal soaps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar

Definitions

• This invention relates to mild personal cleansing bars and to processes of making them.
• the surfactant system includes dodecylbenzene sulfonate in Examples 26-30, which is a relatively harsh sur ⁇ factant.
• STPP is used at levels of 10-15% in Mayhew et al.'s examples.
• alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate Some other uses and procedures for making alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.: 2,094,489, Hulter, issued Sept. 28, 1937; 2,427,576, Smith, issued Sept. 16, 1947: 2,427,577, Smith, issued Sept. 16, 1947; 2,989,547, Whyte, issued June 20, 1961; 2,999,068, Pilcher et al . , issued Sept. 5, 1961; and 3,024,273, Whyte et al ., issued Mar. 6, 1962, all of said patents incorporated herein by reference.
• surfactant mildness can be measured by a skin barrier destruction test which is used to assess the irri- tancy potential of surfactants. In this test the milder the surfactant, the less the skin barrier is destroyed. Skin barrier destruction is measured by the relative amount of radio-labelec water (3H-H 0) which passes from the test solution through the skin epidermis into the physiological buffer contained in the diffusate chamber. This test is described by T. J. Franz in the J. Invest. Dermatol., 1975, 64, pp. 190-195; in U.S. Pat. No. 4,673,525, Small et al., issued June 16, 1987, and in copending U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 294,832, Small et al . , filed Jan. 9, 1989, incorporated herein by reference.
• U.S. Pat. No. 2,894,912, Geitz, issued July 14, 1959, for "Isethionate Detergent Bar,” discloses a detergent bar consisting essentially of from 30-70% of water-soluble alkali metal detergent salts of esters of isethionic acid with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20, of which mixed acids at least 75% have from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, from 2-10% of at least one water-soluble suds-boosting detergent salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and organic amine higher aliphatic fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl aryl sul- fonates, and higher aliphatic fatty acid taurides, from about 1% to about 9% water, from about 2.5% to about 25% of water-soluble higher fatty acid soap, and from 10-40% of at least one higher fatty acid having from about 12 to about 25 carbon atom
• Ci8 alkyl glyceryl ether sul- fonate at 5% is used in an example.
• the added alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate and salt are used to improve bar wear rate without adversely affecting its lathering characteristics.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a stamped, mild personal cleansing bar which has improved processability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a mild bar with excellent smear.
• Yet another object is to formulate a mild personal cleansing bar with a relatively low level of free fatty acids to improve bar 5 smear and bar firmness.
• This invention is a mild personal cleansing bar comprising: 0 from about 20% to about 50% lathering mild synthetic surfactant and from about 5% to about 50% of magnesium soap; wherein the ratio of said lathering mild synthetic surfactant to said soap is from about 10:1 to about 0.4:1; said bar having a pH of from about 6.5 to about 8.5 in a 1% aqueous solution at 25'C. 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• the invention relates to a mild personal cleansing bar made from a mix of from about 20% to about 50% of a lathering mild synthetic detergent surfactant and from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 10% to about 45%, magnesium soap.
• the mild 0 personal cleansing bar has a pH of from about 6.5 to about 8.5.
• the pH of the bar is preferably from 7 to 8-, and is preferably adjusted with a carboxylic acid.
• the pH is measured as a 1% aqueous solution at about 25'C.
• the ratio of lathering mild synthetic surfactant to the 5 magnesium soap is from about 10:1 to about 0.4:1, preferably from about 5:1 to about 0.5:1, more preferably from about 4:1 to about 0.6:1.
• lathering mild synthetic surfactant means any surfactant which lathers at least about as well as the Q "mild standard alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS),” as defined herein, which contains a substantial amount of C1 and C14 alkyl chains, specifically about 68% C12; 25% C14; and 7% Ci ⁇ AGS.
• a “non-lathering, non-soil-load-diluent, surfactant” is defined as a surfactant which has a "low” lather on the order of a 5 16-C18 alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate, and other C16-C18 syn ⁇ thetic surfactants, e.g., C16-C18 alkyl sulfates, etc.
• These surfactants do not contribute to the lather in any appreciable way, but they also do not detract from the lather in any significant way. They are, however, especially effective in improving the ability of the bar to have a good grade in the Flex Test as described more fully hereinafter. They also are useful in improving the smear characteristics of the bars.
• soil load diluent and "hydrophobic material” as used herein are synonymous and mean any diluent which is a soil load on the order of free fatty acid, paraffin wax, fatty alcohol. or triglyceride. Some of these materials, like paraffin wax, are very effective in improving the Flex Test grades. Other materials, like free fatty acid, help plasticize the formula for processability.
• the magnesium (Mg) soap can be made by using selected fatty matter (free fatty acids and soaps) having an Iodine Value of from zero to about 50, preferably below 15, and more preferably from about zero to about 3.
• the titer (in * C) can be as low as about 15, however, the preferred fatty matter of the soap and free fatty acid have a titer of from about 60 to 80, preferably from about 35 to 75, and more preferably from about 50 to about 70.
• Palm Kernel Acid Table (Typical)
• Palm Kernel Acid, Coconut Acid and Tallow Acid Tables show some chemical properties of those acids.
• the free fatty acid (and other soil load diluents) in the mild personal cleansing bar of the present invention can be surprisingly low.
• the Mg soap to FFA ratio can be from about 50:1 to about 0.5:1, preferably from about 30:1 to about 1:1, and more preferably from about 15:1 to about 2:1.
• the level of FFA is preferably from about 1% to about 10%, preferably from about 2% to about 9%, more preferably from about 3% to about 8%, of the bar.
• the hydrophobic material can be present in the bars of this invention at a level of from zero up to about 40%, but is preferably used at a level of from about 5% to about 20%.
• the other hydrophobic material including free fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms; mono-, di-, and triglycerides; fatty alcohols containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms; and mixtures thereof; wherein said composition contains about 25% maximum of said waxes and about 15% maximum of said other hydrophobic material.
• Triglycerides Cs-Ci ⁇ acyl chain
• the preferred hydrophobic material is a wax having a melting point (M.P.) of from about 120 * F to about 185 * F (49 ⁇ -85 ⁇ C), preferably from about 125'F to about 175 ⁇ F (52'-79'C).
• a pre ⁇ ferred paraffin wax is a fully refined petroleum wax having a melting point ranging from about 130 * F to about 140'F (49 ⁇ -60 ⁇ C). This wax is odorless and tasteless and meets FDA requirements for use as coatings for food and food packages.
• paraffins are readily available commercially.
• a very suitable paraffin can be obtained, for example, from The Standard Oil Company of Ohio under the trade name Factowax R-133.
• the paraffin preferably is present in the bar in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 20% by weight.
• the paraffin ingredient is used in the product to impart skin mildness, plas ⁇ ticity, firmness, and processability. It also provides a glossy look and smooth feel to the bar.
• the paraffin ingredient is optionally supplemented by a microcrystalline wax.
• a suitable microcrystalline wax has a melting point ranging, for example, from about 140 ⁇ F (60 ⁇ C) to about 185 * F (85 * C), preferably from about 145'F (62'C) to about 175°F (79 ⁇ C).
• the wax preferably should meet the FDA requirements for food grade microcrystalline waxes.
• a suitable micro ⁇ crystalline wax is obtained from Witco Chemical Company under the trade name Multiwax X-145A.
• the microcrystalline wax preferably is present in the bar in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight.
• the microcrystalline wax ingredient imparts pliability to the bar at room temperatures.
• the non-soil-load, surfactant diluent can be used at a level of from 0% to about 40%, preferably from about 5% to about 40%. and more preferably from about 10% to about 35%.
• the latter level range is highly preferred for Flex Test mildness.
• the water level is from about 2% to about 15%, preferably from about 4% to about 10%.
• the total non-surfactant electrolyte (organic and inorganic) level is from about 1% to about 10%, preferably from about 2% to about 8%, more preferably from about 2% to about 5%, by weight of the bar. Numerous examples of surfactants are disclosed in the patents incorporated herein by reference.
• alkyl sulfates include alkyl sulfates, anionic acyl sarcosinates, methyl acyl taurates, N-acyl gluta- mates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, trideceth sulfates, protein condensates, mixtures of ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and alkyl amine oxides, betaines, sultaines, and mixtures thereof.
• alkyl ether sulfates with 1 to 12 ethoxy groups, especially ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sulfates.
• Alkyl chains for these surfactants are C8-C 2. preferably 12-C1 for lathering mild surfactants, and C16-C18 for non- lathering non-soil-load diluents.
• alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate as used herein means, in general, a mixture of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate
• AVS alkyl chain of from 8-22 carbon atoms, preferably from 10-20 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 12-14 carbon atoms.
• Alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates are derived from corres ⁇ ponding ethers consisting of straight alkyl chains which are in turn derived from their corresponding synthetic or natural alcohols.
• a preferred ingredient is acyl isethionate.
• Acyl isethi- onates are aliphatic higher fatty acid esters of an alkali metal isethionic acid salt and can be defined by the following general formula: RCOOCH2CH2SO3M wherein R is an aliphatic radical or mixed aliphatic radical of a higher fatty acid or mixture thereof, having from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, e.g., cocoyl or an approximately equivalent distribution of chain lengths, the longer chains (16 and 18) being more preferred as non-lathering, non-soil-load diluents and medium chain (C12-C14) being more preferred as lathering synthetic surfactants; and wherein M is an alkali metal cation such as sodium, potassium, or ammonium, or an organic amine base such as triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, diethanolamine and ethanolamine.
• R is an aliphatic radical
• a preferred milled bar for Flex Test mildness comprises: (1) from about 5% to about 25%, preferably from about 10% to about 20%, of C16-C18 alkyl (chain) sulfates and (2) from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 10% to about 30% magnesium soap by weight of the soap bar.
• Lathering mild synthetic surfactants are also required in this preferred bar.
• the ratio of the alkyl sulfates to magnesium soap can be from about 3:1 to about 1:6, preferably from about 1:2 to about 1:4.
• This non-soil-load, non-lathering, synthetic sur ⁇ factant diluent is a surprisingly and unexpectedly excellent or superior diluent for lathering ultra mild synthetic surfactants, e.g., alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate and/or cocoyl isethionate in personal cleansing bar compositions.
• the synthetic surfactant diluents provide a surprisingly acceptable improvement in bar processability, while not significantly impairing bar mildness or the desirable physical characteristics of the bars.
• the C16-C18 alkyl sulfates are derived from corresponding saturated straight chain alcohols.
• the C16-C18 alkyl sulfates, as defined herein, comprise said C16-C18 alkyl chains at a level of at least about 90%, preferably about 93%, and more preferably about 97%.
• the ratio of Ci6 to Cis can range from about 4:1 to about 1:4 by weight.
• Ci ⁇ -Cis alkyl sulfate is SIPON ® EC-Ill (formerly SIPEX ® EC-Ill), sodium cetearyl sulfate, which is approximately 60% Cie and 36%
• Ci8- SIPON® EC-Ill is sold by Alcolac Company, Baltimore, MD 21226. Another source is Henkel Corp., Ambler, PA 19002.
• LANETTE E Henkel's sodium cetearyl sulfate
• Ci ⁇ -Cis alkyl sulfate sold as an emulsifier.
• the lathering synthetic surfactant comprises from 20% to 50% by weight of the bars of this invention.
• a preferred bar com- prises: about 25% to 45% lathering mild synthetic surfactant; about 15% to 20% of non-soil-load synthetic surfactant diluent, e.g., cetearyl sulfate; about 10% to 50% magnesium soap; and about
• the bars of the present invention comprise a soil load diluent (FFA, wax, etc.) to lathering mild synthetic surfactant ratio of from 0.1:1 to 1:1, preferably from 0.2:1 to 0.9:1.
• FFA soil load diluent
• lathering mild synthetic surfactant ratio of from 0.1:1 to 1:1, preferably from 0.2:1 to 0.9:1.
• the bars of the present invention comprise a soil load diluent to a non-soil-load diluent (including Mg soap) ratio of from 0.1:1 to 1:1, preferably from 0.2:1 to 0.9:1, and without Mg soap the ratio is 0.4:1 to 30:1.
• the bars of the present invention comprise a lathering synthetic surfactant to a non-soil-load diluent (with Mg soap) ratio of from 0.2:1 to 3:1, preferably from 0.3:1 to 2:1, and without Mg soap the ratio is 0.5:1 to 35:1.
• the bars of the present invention comprise a magnesium soap to lathering synthetic surfactant ratio of from 1:10 to 1:0.4. preferably from 1:5 to 1:0.5, more preferably from 1:4 to 1:0.6.
• the bars of the present invention comprise a magnesium soap to total synthetic surfactant(s) (lathering + diluent) ratio of from 0.1:1 to 3:1, preferably from 0.2:1 to 2:1, and more prefer ⁇ ably from 0.3:1 to 1.5:1.
• the bars of the present invention comprise a magnesium soap to free fatty acid ratio of from 50:1 to 0.5:1, preferably from 30:1 to 1:1, more preferably from 15:1 to 2:1.
• the bars of the present invention comprise a magnesium soap to a soil load diluent (FFA, wax, etc.) ratio of from 0.3:1 to 5:1, preferably from 0.4:1 to 4:1.
• FFA soil load diluent
• mag- nesium soap level is low, e.g., 10% or less, and when the level of the total synthetic surfactant(s) to magnesium soap is more than
• the water level of the bar should be from about 2% to about
• More than one lathering synthetic surfactant can be used. E.g., from about 2% to about 25%, preferably from about 3% to about 20%, more preferably from about 4% to about 16%, of very high lather enhancing surfactant, e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate can be used with AGS, as shown in the Examples herein.
• very high lather enhancing surfactant e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate can be used with AGS, as shown in the Examples herein.
• bar ingredients are selected from: non-lathering diluent surfactants, magnesium soap, soil load diluents, polymeric skin feel aids, moisturizers, fillers, etc.
• the mild personal cleansing bars can also have about 0-8%, preferably about 0.2-2%, polymeric skin feel aid if present.
• a preferred bar of this invention can comprise about 0.1% to 5%, more preferably 0.2% to 2%, of a suitably fast hydrating cationic polymer.
• the polymers have molecular weights of from about 1000 to about 3,000,000.
• a preferred one is selected from cationic guar gums having a molecular weight range of 2,500- 350,000.
• the cationic polymer (skin conditioning agent) is selected from the group consisting of:
• members of the cationic polysaccharide class include the cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose JR 400 made by Union Carbide Corporation; the cationic starches Stalok ® 100, 200, 300 and 400 made by Staley, Inc.; the cationic galactomannans based on guar gum of the Galactasol 800 series by Henkel , Inc. and the Jaguar Series by Celanese Corporation.
• Examples of members of the class of copolymers of saccharides and synthetic cationic monomers include those composed of cel ⁇ lulose derivatives (e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose) and N,N-di- allyl,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chloride available from National Starch Corporation under the trade name Celquat.
• cel ⁇ lulose derivatives e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose
• N,N-di- allyl,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chloride available from National Starch Corporation under the trade name Celquat.
• the cationic synthetic polymers useful in the present in ⁇ vention are cationic polyalkylene imines, ethoxypolyalklene imines, and poly[N-[-3-(dimethylammonio)propyl]-N'-[3-(ethylene- oxyethylene dimethylammonio)propyl]urea dichloride] the latter of which is available from Miranol Chemical Company, Inc. under the trademark of Miranol A-15, CAS Reg. No. 68555-36-2.
• Preferred cationic polymeric skin conditioning agents of the present invention are those cationic polysaccharides of the cationic guar gum class with molecular weights of 1,000 to 3,000,000. More preferred molecular weights are from 2,500 to
• polysaccharide backbone comprised of galacto annan units and a degree of cationic substitution ranging from about 0.04 per anhydroglucose unit to about 0.80 per anhydroglucose unit with the substituent cationic group being the adduct of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to the natural polysaccharide backbone.
• substituent cationic group being the adduct of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to the natural polysaccharide backbone.
• Examples are JAGUAR C-14-S, C-15 and C-17 sold by Celanese Corporation.
• the polymer must have characteristics, either structural or physical which allow it to be suitably and fully hydrated and subsequently well incorporated into the soap matrix.
• Other ingredients of the -present invention are selected for the various applications.
• perfumes can be used in formu ⁇ lating the skin cleansing products, generally at a level of from about 0.1% to about 1.5% of the composition.
• Alcohols, hydro- tropes, colorants, and fillers such as talc and clay, can also be used.
• Preservatives e.g., sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), generally at a level of less than 1% of the composition, can be incorporated in the cleansing products to prevent micro ⁇ biological growth.
• Antibacterials can also be incorporated, usually at levels up to 1.5%.
• a preferred bar of the present invention can contain from about 0.5% to about 4%, preferably from about 2% to about 3.5%, trisodium phosphate.
• the magnesium soaps can be added as is, or made in situ, e.g., via adding a base, e.g., Mg(0H)2, to convert free fatty acids in the composition mix.
• a base e.g., Mg(0H)2
• the synthetic detergent neutralized with a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate, to which the salting-out electrolyte has been added (if insufficient electro- lyte will be formed in situ during the neutralization step and in other steps of the process), is introduced into a suitable mixer, such as a soap crutcher.
• a suitable mixer such as a soap crutcher.
• Some water can then be added to improve fluidity, and a sodium soap, preferably as soap containing about
• water is added.
• water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt such as magnesium sulfate or chloride, or calcium chloride
• the magnesium soap is made before the synthetic surfactant is added to the mix. Mixing is then continued to insure the equilibrium in the formation of the magnesium soap is attained. Desirable adjustments in water- soluble soap content may, of course, be made after the magnesium soap has been formed.
• the crutcher mix is dried and cooled using a combination flash chamber and chill roll or chill belt.
• the crutcher mix is first heated to approximately 132'C (270'F) by a heat exchanger and then flash dried in a chamber above the chill roll or chill belt. From the flash chamber the hot, dried mix is extruded onto the chill roll or chill belt.
• the chill belt or chill roll provides a uniform, thin, cool (29-35'C, 85-95'F) product in flake or chip form. Typical moisture for the flake is 2-12%, preferably 6-8%.
• the ways to regulate the moisture, in the order of prefer ⁇ ence are (1) increasing or decreasing steam pressure on the heat exchanger; (2) increasing or decreasing crutcher mix rate to the heat exchanger; and (3) increasing or decreasing crutcher mix temperature to the heat exchanger.
• the flakes are weighed and mixed in a batch amalgamator to obtain uniform flake size. Preweighed perfume is added to the flakes and mixed in the amalgamator to obtain the desired finished product perfume level. The perfumed flakes are transferred to the mill hopper or directly to the plodder. Milling (Optional)
• the 3-roll soap mills are set up with the first roll at 38°C (100'F) and the other two mills at about 21'C (70'F).
• the soap is passed through the mills several times to provide a homogeneous mixture of perfume and dried flakes.
• the plodder is set up with the barrel temperature at about 21'C (70"F) and the nose temperature at 38-49'C (100-120'F).
• the ideal plodder is a dual stage plodder that allows use of a vacuum of about 15-25 inches of Hg.
• the plugs should be cut in 5" sections and stamped with a cold die block using die liquor such as alcohol, if appropriate.
• the mild personal cleansing bars of Examples 1-7 are made using the above preferred crutching neutralization process.
• Example 8 is made by adding magnesium chloride to Na soap to for- ⁇ the Mg soap by ion exchange before mixing with the synthetic surfactants. Comparative Example A is made similar to the bars of
• Mg(0H)2 is used as a standard for the mildness and smears.
• Comparative Example B is the "B" bar and is used as a second standard for the mildness and smears.
• Comparative Example C is a leading commercial all soap bar and is used as a standard for typical all soap bars.
• Example 3 is the preferred overall bar for mildness, lather, and smears.
• All series of testing should include control, and all samples should be run in duplicates. A maximum of 7 products (6 plus a control) can be tested at one time, and an interval of 10 minutes between every 4 samples should be allotted for the addition of water as to not allow any products a lag time for soaking longer than 2 hours.
• Alathon soap dishes Small measuring cylinder Method 1. Wet soap bar to be tested by dipping surface to be soaked in distilled water and shaking off excess water. This procedure leads to more uniform bar smear. 2. Place bar centrally on "-Alathon” dish containing 5 ml of distilled water. Rock dish to break water tension. The Alathon dish was selected as being a standard, readily available (in U.S.) dish with low ridges. 3. Store overnight (approximately 18 hours) in standard con ⁇ ditions of temperature and humidity (27'C/80'F/80% RH were used). As this test measures the bar's ability to recover as well as absorb water, standard conditions avoid seasonal variations which may occur in uncontrolled laboratory over- night conditions.
• Ecze atous change may be present. Powderiness may be present but not prominent. May see bleeding crack.
• magnesium soap some or all of the magnesium soap can be replaced with other alkaline earth metal soap such as calcium, zinc, aluminum, and other soaps, which are substantially insoluble on the order of magnesium soap.
• Emersol 132 (Emery Industries) is really a mixture of stearate and laurate having a titer of about 55 and a maximum I.V. of 0.5. . x. Ex. 3 Ex. 4
• lathering mild synthetic surfactant mag- nesium soap
• non-soil-load non-lathering surfactant
• soil load diluent for Examples 1-4 are as follows:
• Example 7 The total level of synthetic surfactants in Example 7 is 56%, and the water level is 7.5%; the ratio of Mg soap to total synthetic is 0.18:1.
• the smears could be improved in Example 7 by lowering the water level to below about 7%.
• Example 5 which has a total synthetic of 56.6% and a Mg soap to total synthetic ratio of 0.22:1 but has a higher Mg soap level, 12.8% vs. 10%, has a better smear, notwithstanding equal water levels for Examples 5 and 7.
• mag ⁇ nesium soap level when the mag ⁇ nesium soap level is low, e.g., 10% or less, and when the level of the total synthetic surfactant(s) to magnesium soap is more than 5:1, the water level of the bar should be from about 2% to about 7%, preferably from about 2.5% to about 6% for improved smear.
• Comparative Example A is an ultra mild bar having fairly good smear, about the same as the "B" bar, a mild, commercially avail ⁇ able, soap/synthetic bar. Comparable mild bars of this invention, e.g., Examples 1-6 and 8 have improved smears over Example A, as well as the Standard Comparative Example B, which is the "B" bar. Comparative Example C is a leading pure soap bar to show the superior mildness of the bars of this invention over it.
• Comparative bar Example C a leading all soap bar, has the highest erythema grad of 2.42.
• Examples 4, 3, and 7 have erythema grades comparable t the "B" bar which show grades of from about 0.65 to about 1.29, the low and the high of four "B" bar grades.
• the erythema grade for 4, 3, and 7 are, respectively, 1.18; 0.90; and 0.68.
• Th erythema grades for Example 8 and Comparative Example A are bette than the all soap bar, Example C, and are close to the "B" bar.
• Example 8 has less preferred fatty matter, specifically a lower titer (37) and a higher Iodine Value (38) than Examples 4, 3, and 7.
• the titers and I.V.'s for Examples 4, 3, 7, and 8 are:
• Example 8 has an excellent Smear 2 of 8.
• Example 2 Significance at 90-95% confidence. Forearm Clinical results suggest that Examples 8, 9, and 2 are all better than "B" for both Redness and Dryness. Examples 8 and A are about equal, and A is significantly better than B. Example 2 is also significantly better than “B.” . Example 2 also has superior smears over “B” as shown in Tables 1 and 2; Average Smears 1 are 0.98 for Example 2 vs. 2.55 for "B,” which shows a significant advantage for Example 2. Smears 2 are 7.5 for Example 2 vs. 7.0 for "B,” which is a slight advantage for Example 2. A panel of experts compared some sensory characteristics of Example 2 with those of the "B” bar. The results are: Example 2 has sensory characteristics, tightness, smoothness, and softness, comparable to the "B” bar. The tightness result is surprising in view of the presence of 33% magnesium soap in Example 2.

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Citations (5)

• 1992
  • 1992-01-30 CA CA002105090A patent/CA2105090A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-01-30 ES ES92906869T patent/ES2087531T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 1992-02-26 TW TW081101432A patent/TW198063B/zh active
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• 1993
  • 1993-09-13 FI FI934002A patent/FI934002A0/fi unknown
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• 1996
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