WO1992013798A1 - Compositions precurseurs d'agents de blanchiment au peroxyacide - Google Patents

Compositions precurseurs d'agents de blanchiment au peroxyacide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992013798A1
WO1992013798A1 PCT/US1992/000664 US9200664W WO9213798A1 WO 1992013798 A1 WO1992013798 A1 WO 1992013798A1 US 9200664 W US9200664 W US 9200664W WO 9213798 A1 WO9213798 A1 WO 9213798A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bleach precursor
composition according
peroxyacid bleach
particulate
solid
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PCT/US1992/000664
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Thomas Henry Agar
Douglas Gilbert Fraser
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The Procter & Gamble Company
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Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to CS931593A priority Critical patent/CZ159393A3/cs
Priority to SK836-93A priority patent/SK83693A3/sk
Priority to US08/094,090 priority patent/US5411673A/en
Priority to AU14199/92A priority patent/AU661681B2/en
Publication of WO1992013798A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992013798A1/fr
Priority to JP5506608A priority patent/JP2657114B2/ja

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3935—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts granulated, coated or protected
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/70—Sulfur atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3907—Organic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to solid peroxy acid bleach precursor compositions and especially to particulate detergent compositions incorporating inorganic perhydrate bleaches together with N- or O-acyl group - containing peroxycarboxylic acid bleach precursors (socalled bleach activators).
  • bleach activators N- or O-acyl group - containing peroxycarboxylic acid bleach precursors
  • Such compositions have come into widespread use in recent years as heavy duty fabric cleaning products, particularly in automatic washing machines.
  • the growth in usage of bleach activators has mirrored a decrease in fabric wash temperatures which itself has accompanied an increase in the proportion of fabrics that are coloured.
  • perhydrolysis of the bleach activator to form peroxycarboxyl anions can give rise to significant localised peroxycarboxylate bleach concentrations.
  • the prior art contains numerous examples of bleach activators coated or agglomerated so as to increase their stability on storage in detergent compositions and/or to influence their solution behaviour.
  • EP-A-0070474 discloses granulate bleach activators prepared by spray drying an aqueous pumpable dispersion containing an N-acyl or O-acyl compound together with at least one water soluble cellulose ether, starch or starch derivative in a weight ratio of activator to coating of from 98:2 to 90:10.
  • GB-A-1507312 discloses the coating of bleach activators with a mixture of alkali metal C 8 - C 22 fatty acid salts in admixture with the corresponding fatty acids.
  • GB-A-1381121 employs a molten coating of inter alia C 14 - C 18 fatty acid mixtures to protect solid bleach activators.
  • GB-A-1441416 discloses a similar process employing a mixture of C 12 - C 14 fatty acids and C 10 - C 20 aliphatic alcohols.
  • EP-A-0375241 describes stabilised bleach activator extrudates in which C 5 - C 18 alkyl peroxy carboxylic acid precursors are mixed with a binder selected from anionic and nonionic surfactants, film forming polymers fatty acids or mixtures of such binders.
  • EP-A-0356700 discloses compositions comprising a bleach activator, a water soluble film forming polymer and 2-15% of a C 3 -C 6 polyvalent carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid for enhanced stability and ease of dispersion/solubility.
  • the carboxylic acid of which a preferred example is citric acid, is dry mixed with the bleach activator and then granulated with the film forming polymer. The citric acid is asserted to provide an enhanced rate of dissolution of the bleach activator granules.
  • EP-A-0382464 concerns a process for coating or encapsulation of solid particles including bleaching compounds and bleach activators in which a melt is formed of coating material in which the particles form a disperse phase, the melt is destabilised and then caused to crumble to a particulate material in which the disperse phase particles are embedded in the continuous (coating) phase.
  • coating materials are disclosed and certain materials such as polyacrylic acid and cellulose acetate phthalate are taught as being useful where release of the coated material is dependent on pH.
  • perhydrolysis commences as soon as the detergent product starts to dissolve and form an alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution the problem of localised peroxy acid bleach concentrations has remained unsolved.
  • perhydrolysis in order to avoid the fabric colour damage problems associated with the dissolution behaviour of other detergent product components.
  • perhydrolysis of the bleach precursor and subsequent dispersion of the peroxycarboxylate bleach is as rapid as possible when it commences because of the short wash times of modern automatic washing machines.
  • the Applicant has now surprisingly found that acidic materials having certain specified characteristics can be used to provide a surface treatment to particulate peroxy acid bleach precursors, that delays the onset of perhydrolysis during dissolution of the product under the constrained agitation conditions of a loaded washing machine drum without adversely hindering perhydrolysis when it occurs.
  • a solid peroxyacid bleach precursor composition comprising a particulate peroxyacid bleach precursor material, said precursor containing one or more N- or O- acyl groups and having a Mpt> 30°C, the external surfaces of said particulate peroxy acid bleach precursor material being treated with an organic acid compound so as to adhere said compound to said external surfaces, said compound being present in an amount of from 2% to 20% by weight of the treated particulate, said organic acid compound having an aqueous solubility of at least 5g/100g of water at 20°C and a Mpt > 30°C , wherein said treated particulate bleach precursor material produces, after 3 minutes in a Beaker Perhydrolysis Test at 20°C, at least 90% of the peroxy acid that is produced under the same conditions by said particulate bleach precursor material in untreated form.
  • the organic acid compound is a monomeric or oligomeric carboxylate that has an aqueous solubility of at least 20g/100g of water at 20°C.
  • the compound is a monomeric aliphatic carboxylic acid of very high solubility and Mpt > 40° C.
  • the external surfaces of the peroxy bleach precursor particulate are treated so that the organic acid compound is adhered thereto.
  • the treatment can be such as to provide the compound in the form of a continuous or discontinuous coating or as masses of the acid compound dispersed on the particulate surface or as individual particles disposed at random on the surface.
  • the requirement is that the surface treatment material be immediately available, on exposure to an aqueous medium, to dissolve rapidly and provide an acid pH environment around the exterior of the bleach precursor particulate. For this reason, incorporation of the organic acid compound as an agglomerating agent dispersed within the peroxyacid bleach
  • an agglomerated but non surface treated peroxyacid bleach precursor perhydrolyses to a significant extent and generates high bleach concentrations that give rise to localised fabric damage.
  • the solid peroxyacid bleach precursor compositions of the present invention incorporate precursors containing one or more N- or O-acyl groups, which precursors can be selected from a wide range of classes.
  • Suitable classes include anhydrides, esters, imides and acylated derivatives of imidazoles and oximes, and examples of useful materials within these classes are disclosed in GB-A-1586789.
  • the most preferred classes are esters such as are disclosed in GB-A-836988, 864,798, 1147871 and 2143231 and imides such as are disclosed in GB-A-855735 & 1246338.
  • O-acylated precursor compounds include 2,3,3-tri-methyl hexanoyl oxybenzene sulfonates, benzyl oxybenzene sulfonates and penta acetyl glucose.
  • Particularly preferred precursor compounds are the N-,N,N 1 N 1 tetra acetylated compounds of formula
  • x can be O or an integer between 1 & 6.
  • TAMD tetra acetyl methylene diamine
  • TAED tetra acetyl ethylene diamine
  • TAHD tetraacetyl hexylene diamine
  • peroxyacid bleach precursor is TAED.
  • Solid peroxyacid bleach precursors useful in the present invention have a Mpt>30°C and preferably >40°C. Such precursors will normally be in fine powder or crystalline form in which at least 90% by weight of the powder has a particle size > 150 micrometers.
  • This powder can be surface treated directly but is more usually
  • agglomerated, prior to surface treatment, to form particulate material at least 85% of which has a particle size between 400 and 1700
  • Suitable agglomerating agents include C 12 -C 18 fatty acids, C 12 -C 18 aliphatic alcohols condensed with from 10 to 80 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, cellulose derivatives such as methyl, carboxymethyl and hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycols of MWt 4,000 - 10,000 and polymeric materials such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
  • Agglomerated particulate precursor material does not itself provide the benefits of the invention but is a preferred form of the precursor to which the organic acid compound is applied as a surface
  • the organic acid compound must satisfy several criteria. Firstly it must be a solid at ambient temperatures and so must have a Melting Point of at least 30°C and preferably of at least 40°C. Preferred organic acid compounds will have a Melting Point in excess of 50°C.
  • the organic acid compound must be highly soluble in water at ambient temperatures, highly soluble being defined for the purposes of the present invention as at least 5g of the acid dissolving in 100g of distilled water at 20°C.
  • the organic acid compound has a solubility of at least 20g/100g of water at 20°C and most preferably the organic acid compound will dissolve in its own weight of water at 20°C.
  • the organic acid compound should have no more than a minor effect, and preferably substantially no effect, on the rate of perhydrolysis of the peroxyacid bleach precursor under well agitated unconstrained conditions.
  • Unconstrained, well agitated conditions are defined for the purposes of the present invention as those existing in the Beaker Perhydrolysis Test described in detail hereinafter.
  • a treatment material that has 'no more than a minor effect' on the rate of perhydrolysis of the precursor is defined, for the purposes of the present invention, as that which after 3 minutes in the Beaker
  • Perhydrolysis Test at 20°C permits the production of at least 90% of the peroxyacid that is produced under the same conditions by the untreated bleach precursor material.
  • Organic acid compounds suitable as treating agents for the purposes of the present invention comprise aliphatic or aromatic monomeric or oligomeric carboxylates and preferably comprise monomeric aliphatic carboxylic acids.
  • aliphatic acid compounds are glycolic, glutamic, citraconic, succinic, 1-lactic and citric acids.
  • the acids are applied at levels of from 2% to 20% by weight of the treated particulate, more preferably from 2% to 15% and most preferably from 3% to 10% by weight of the treated particulate .
  • Glycolic acid at a level of approximately 5% by weight of the treated particulate is a particularly preferred surface treating agent.
  • the surface treatment of the bleach precursor particulate with the organic acid compound can be carried out in several ways and the process itself is not critical to the present invention.
  • the organic acid compound may be sprayed on as a molten material or as a solution or dispersion in a solvent/carrier liquid which is subsequently removed by evaporation.
  • the organic acid compound can also be applied as a powder coating e.g. by electrostatic techniques although this is less preferred as the adherence of powdered coating material is more difficult to achieve and can be more expensive.
  • Molten coating is a preferred technique for organic acid compounds of Mpt ⁇ 80°C such as glycolic and 1-lactic acids but is less
  • Aqueous solutions are particularly advantageous where the organic acid compound has a high aqueous solubility (e.g. citric acid) and the solution has a sufficiently low viscosity to enable it to be handled.
  • a concentration of at least 25% by weight of the organic acid compound in the solvent is used in order to reduce the drying/evaporation load after surface treatment has taken place.
  • the treatment apparatus can be any of those normally used for this purpose, such as inclined rotary pans, rotary drums and fluidised beds.
  • Solid peroxyacid bleach precursor compositions in accordance with the invention can take a variety of physical forms.
  • the surface treated peroxyacid bleach precursor particles may themselves be incorporated into other solid compositions such as tablets, extrudates and agglomerates.
  • the particulates can also be suspended in nonaqueous liquid compositions in which the organic acid surface treating material is insoluble and inert.
  • the preferred application for the solid peroxybleach precursor compositions of the invention is as particulate components of granular detergent compositions, particularly the so-called concentrated detergent compositions that are added to a washing machine by means of a dosing device placed in the machine drum with the soiled fabric load.
  • Concentrated granular detergent compositions dispensed into the wash liquor via a dosing device are more subject to dissolution problems than compositions added via the dispensing compartment of a washing machine because, in the initial stages of a wash cycle, the agitation in the immediate environment of the product is inhibited by the presence of the fabric load. Whilst this can constitute a benefit in permitting the development of high transient concentrations of builder and surfactant, the development of high transient peroxyacid concentrations can, as noted previously, lead to fabric and colour damage.
  • the coated peroxyacid bleach precursor particulates of the present invention when incorporated into concentrated detergent products delivered to the wash liquor via a dispensing device, mitigate if not eliminate this problem.
  • Detergent compositions incorporating the surface treated peroxy acid bleach precursor particulates will normally contain from 0.5% to 10% of the precursor, more frequently from 1% to 8% and most preferably from 2% to 6%, on a composition weight basis.
  • Such detergent compositions will, of course, contain a source of alkaline hydrogen peroxide necessary to form a peroxyacid bleaching species in the wash solution and preferably will also contain other components conventional in detergent compositions.
  • preferred detergent compositions will incorporate one of more of surfactants, organic and inorganic builders, soil suspending and anti-redeposition agents, suds suppressors, enzymes, fluorescent whitening agents photo activated bleaches, perfumes and colours.
  • Detergent compositions incorporating the surface treated particulate peroxyacid precursors of the present invention will include an inorganic perhydrate bleach, normally in the form of the sodium salt, as the source of alkaline hydrogen peroxide in the wash liquor.
  • This perhydrate is normally incorporated at a level of from 3 % to 22% by weight, more preferably from 5% to 20% by weight and most preferably from 8% to 18% by weight of the composition.
  • the perhydrate may be any of the inorganic salts such as perborate percarbonate, perphosphate and persilicate salts but is conventionally an alkali metal perborate or percarbonate. Whilst fabric colour damage arising from compositions in accordance with the invention is low, irrespective of whether a perborate or percarbonate salt is employed, the improvement in comparison with uncoated precursor particulates is more noticeable with percarbonate bleach as this causes greater fabric colour damage in the absence of any coating on the bleach precursor.
  • Sodium percarbonate which is the preferred perhydrate, is an addition compound having a formula corresponding to
  • 2Na2C ⁇ 3.3H2 ⁇ 2 is available commercially as a crystalline solid.
  • Most commercially available material includes a low level of a heavy metal sequestrant such as EDTA, 1-hydroxyethylidene 1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or an amino-phosphonate, that is
  • the percarbonate can be incorporated into detergent compositions without additional protection, but preferred executions of such compositions utilise a coated form of the material.
  • a variety of coatings can be used, the most economical is sodium silicate of Si ⁇ 2:Na2 ⁇ ratio from 1.6:1 to 3.4:1, preferably 2.8:1, applied as an aqueous solution to give a level of from 2% to 10%, (normally from 3% to 5%) of silicate solids by weight of the percarbonate.
  • Magnesium silicate can also be included in the coating.
  • the particle size range of the crystalline percarbonate is from 350 micrometers to 450 micrometers with a mean of approximately 400 micrometers. When coated, the crystals have a size in the range from 400 to 600 micrometers.
  • the total level of Iron, Copper and Manganese ions in the product should not exceed
  • compositions A typical listing of anionic, nonionic, ampholytic and zwitterionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in U.S.P. 3,929,678 issued to Laughlin and Heuring on December, 30, 1975. A list of suitable cationic surfactants is given in U.S.P.
  • anionic surfactants are suitable herein, particularly blends of sulphate, sulphonate and/or carboxylate surfactants.
  • sulphonate and sulphate surfactants are normally employed in a sulphonate to sulphate weight ratio of from 5:1 to 1:2, preferably from 3:1 to 2:3, more preferably from 3:1 to 1:1.
  • Preferred sulphonates include alkyl benzene sulphonates having from 9 to 15, especially 11 to 13 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and alpha-sulphonated methyl fatty acid esters in which the fatty acid is derived from a C 12 -C 18 fatty source, preferably from a C 16 -C 18 fatty source.
  • the cation is an alkali metal
  • Preferred sulphate surfactants in such sulphonate sulphate mixtures are alkyl sulphates having from 12 to 22,
  • Another useful surfactant system comprises a mixture of two alkyl sulphate materials whose respective mean chain lengths differ from each other.
  • One such system comprises a mixture of C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulphate and
  • alkyl sulphate in a weight ratio of C 14 -C 15 : C 16 -C 18 of from 3:1 to 1:1.
  • the alkyl sulphates may also be combined with alkyl ethoxy sulphates having from 10 to 20, preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and an average degree of
  • the cation in each instance is again an alkali metal, preferably sodium.
  • anionic surfactants suitable for the purposes of the invention are the alkali metal sarcosinates of formula
  • R is a C 9 -C 17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group
  • R' is a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group
  • M is an alkali metal ion.
  • Preferred examples are the lauroyl, Cocoyl (C 12 -C 14 ), myristyl and oleyl methyl sarcosinates in the form of their sodium salts.
  • One class of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention comprises condensates of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic moiety, providing surfactants having an average hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the range from 8 to 17, preferably from 9.5 to 13.5, more preferably from 10 to 12.5.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • the hydrophobic (lipophilic) moiety may be aliphatic or aromatic in nature and the length of the polyoxyethylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
  • Especially preferred nonionic surfactants of this type are the C 9 -C 15 primary alcohol ethoxylates containing 3-8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, particularly the C 14 -C 15 primary alcohols containing 6-8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol and the C 12 -C 14 primary alcohols containing 3-5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • Another class of nonionic surfactants comprises alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula
  • Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.3 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty alcohol and less than 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides.
  • Compounds of this type and their use in detergent compositions are disclosed in EP-B 0070074, 0070077, 0075996 and 0094118.
  • a further class of surfactants are the semi-polar surfactants such as amine oxides.
  • Suitable amine oxides are selected from mono
  • C 8 -C 20 preferably C 10 -C 14 N-alkyl or alkenyl amine oxides and propylene-1,3-diamine dioxides wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxpropyl groups.
  • Cationic surfactants can also be used in the detergent compositions herein and suitable quaternary ammonium surfactants are selected from mono C 8 -C 16 , preferably C 10 -C 14 N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium surfactants wherein remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups.
  • the detergent compositions comprise from 5% to 20% of surfactant but more usually comprise from 7% to 20%, more preferably from 10% to 15% surfactant by weight of the compositions.
  • Combinations of surfactant types are preferred, more especially anionic-nonionic and also anionic-nonionic-cationic blends.
  • surfactants can be incorporated into the compositions as mixtures, it is preferable to control the point of addition of each surfactant in order to optimise the physical characteristics of the composition and avoid processing problems. Preferred modes and orders of surfactant addition are described hereinafter.
  • a detergent builder system comprising one or more non- phosphate detergent builders.
  • non- phosphate detergent builders can include, but are not restricted to alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates, aluminosilicates, monomeric polycarboxylates, homo or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxylic radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms, organic phosphonates and aminoalkylene poly (alkylene phosphonates) and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • the builder system is present in an amount of from 25% to 60% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 30% to 60% by weight.
  • Preferred builder systems are free of boron compounds and any polymeric organic materials are preferably biodegradable.
  • Suitable silicates are those having an SiO 2 :Na 2 O ratio in the range from 1.6 to 3.4, the so-called amorphous silicates of SiO 2 : Na 2 O ratios from 2.0 to 2.8 being preferred. These materials can be added at various points of the manufacturing process, such as in a slurry of components that are spray dried or in the form of an aqueous solution serving as an agglomerating agent for other solid
  • silicates are themselves in particulate form, as solids to the other particulate components of the
  • compositions in which the percentage of spray dried components is low i.e. 30% it is preferred to include the amorphous silicate in the spray-dried components.
  • x in the general formula above has a value of 2, 3 or 4 and is preferably 2. More preferably M is sodium and y is 0 and preferred examples of this formula comprise the ⁇ and ⁇ forms of Na 2 Si 2 O 5 . These materials are available from Hoechst AG FRG as respectively NaSKS-11 and NaSKS-6. The most preferred material is -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 , (NaSKS-6).
  • Crystalline layered silicates are incorporated either as dry mixed solids, or as solid components of agglomerates with other
  • preferred sodium aluminosilicate zeolites have the unit cell formula
  • aluminosilicate materials are in hydrated form and are preferably crystalline, containing from 10% to 28%, more preferably from 18% to 22% water in bound form.
  • aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are further characterised by a particle size diameter of from 0.1 to 10
  • micrometers preferably from 0.2 to 4 micrometers.
  • particle size diameter herein represents the average particle size diameter of a given ion exchange material as determined by
  • the aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are further characterised by their calcium ion exchange capacity, which is at least 200 mg equivalent of CaCO 3 water hardness/g of aluminosilicate, calculated on an anhydrous basis, and which generally is in the range of from 300 mg eq./g to 352 mg eq./g.
  • aluminosilicate ion exchange materials herein are still further characterised by their calcium ion exchange rate which is at least 130 mg equivalent of CACO 3 /litre/minute/(g/litre) [2 grains Ca + + / gallon/minute/gram/gallon)] of aluminosilicate (anhydrous basis), and which generally lies within the range of from 130 mg equivalent of CaCO 3 /litre/minute/(gram/litre) [2 grains/galio-n/minute/
  • Optimum aluminosilicates for builder purposes exhibit a calcium ion exchange rate of at least 260 mg equivalent of CaCO 3 /litre/ minute/
  • Aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful in the practice of this invention are commercially available and can be naturally occurring materials, but are preferably synthetically derived.
  • a method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is discussed in US Patent No. 3,985,669.
  • Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the
  • the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material is Zeolite A and has the formula
  • x is from 20 to 30, especially 27.
  • Suitable water-soluble monomeric or oligomeric carboxylate builders can be selected from a wide range of compounds but such
  • the logarithmic acidity constant is defined by reference to the equilibrium
  • A is the fully ionized carboxylate anion of the builder salt.
  • acidity constants are defined at 25°C and at zero ionic strength.
  • Literature values are taken where possible (see Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexex, Special Publication No. 25, The Chemical Society, London): where doubt arises they are determined by potentiometric titration using a glass electrode.
  • the poly carboxylate has a pK Ca+ + in the range from about 2 to about 7 especially from about 3 to about 6.
  • the stability constant is defined at 25°C and at zero ionic strength using a glass electrode method of measurement as described in Complexation in Analytical Chemistry by Anders Ringbom (1963).
  • the carboxylate or polycarboxylate builder can be momomeric or oligomeric in type although monomeric polycarboxylates are generally preferred for reasons of cost and performance.
  • Monomeric and oligomeric builders can be selected from acyclic, alicyclic, heterocyclic and aromatic carboxylates having the general formulae
  • R 1 represents H,C 1-30 alkyl or alkenyl optionally
  • R 2 represents H,C 1-4 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxy alkyl, or alkaryl, sulfo, or phosphono groups;
  • X represents a single bond; O; S; SO; SO 2 ; or NR 1 ;
  • Y represents H; carboxy;hydroxy; carboxymethyloxy; or
  • Z represents H; or carboxy; m is an integer from 1 to 10;
  • n is an integer from 3 to 6;
  • p, q are integers from 0 to 6, p + q being from 1 to 6; and wherein,
  • X, Y, and Z each have the same or different representations when repeated in a given molecular formula, and wherein at least one Y or
  • Z in a molecule contain a carboxyl group.
  • Suitable carboxylates containing one carboxy group include lactic acid, glycolic acid and ether derivatives thereof as disclosed in Belgian Patent Nos. 831,368, 821,369 and 821,370.
  • Polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycolic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates described in German Offenlegenschrift 2,446,686, and 2,446,687 and U.S. Patent No. 3,935,257 and the sulfinyl carboxylates described in Belgian Patent No. 840,623.
  • Polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water-soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives such as the
  • Polycarboxylates containing sulfo substituents include the sulfosuccinate derivatives disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1,398,421 and 1,398,422 and in U.S. Patent No.
  • Alicyclic and heterocyclic polycarboxylates include cyclopentane-cis, cis, cis-tetracarboxylates, cyclopentadienide pentacarboxylates, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran - cis, cis, cis-tetracarboxylates, 2,5- tetrahydrofuran - cis - dicarboxylates, 2,2,5,5-tetrahydrofuran - tetracarboxylates, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexane - hexacarboxylates and carboxymethyl derivatives of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol.
  • Aromatic polycarboxylates include mellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the phthalic acid derivatives disclosed in British Patent No. 1,425,343.
  • hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
  • the parent acids of the monomeric or oligomeric polycarboxylate chelating agents or mixtures thereof with their salts e.g. citric acid or citrate/citric acid mixtures are also contemplated as components of builder systems of detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention.
  • Suitable water soluble organic salts are the homo- or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the
  • polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
  • salts are polyacrylates of MWt 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maleic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 70,000, especially about 40,000. These materials are normally used at levels of from 0.5% to 10% by weight more preferably from 0.75% to 8%, most preferably from 1% to 6% by weight of the composition.
  • the non-phosphate builder ingredient will comprise from 25% to 60% by weight of the compositions, more preferably from 30% to 60% by weight.
  • sodium aluminosilicate such as Zeolite A will comprise from 20% to 60% by weight of the total amount of builder, a monomeric or oligomeric carboxylate will comprise from 10% to 30% by weight of the total amount of builder and a crystalline layered silicate will comprise from 10% to 65% by weight of the total amount of builder.
  • the builder ingredient preferably also incorporates a combination of auxiliary inorganic and organic builders such as sodium carbonate and maleic anhydride/acrylic acid copolymers in amounts of up to 35% by weight of the total builder.
  • Anti-redeposition and soil-suspension agents suitable herein include cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethycellulose, and homo-or co-polymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts.
  • Polymers of this type include copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene, methylvinyl ether or methacrylic acid, the maleic anhydride constituting at least 20 mole percent of the copolymer. These materials are normally used at levels of from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.75% to 8%, most preferably from 1% to 6% by weight of the composition.
  • polyethylene glycols particularly those of molecular weight 1000-10000, more particularly 2000 to 8000 and most preferably about 4000. These are used at levels of from 0.20% to 5% more preferably from 0.25% to 2.5% by weight. These polymers and the previously mentioned homo- or co-polymeric polycarboxylate salts are valuable for improving whiteness maintenance, fabric ash deposition, and cleaning
  • Preferred optical brighteners are anionic in character, examples of which are disodium 4,4 1 -bis-(2-diethanolamino-4-anilino -s- triazin- 6- ylamino)stilbene-2:2 1 disulphonate, disodium 4,4 1 -bis-(2- morpholino -4-anilino-2-triazin-6-ylaminostilbene-2:2 1 - disulphonate,disodium 4, 4 1 -bis-(2,4-dianilino-s-triazin-6- ylamino)stilbene-2:2 1 - disulphonate, monosodium 4 1 ,4 11 -bis-(2,4- dianilino-s-triazin-6 ylamino)stilbene-2- sulphonate, disodium 4,4 1 - bis-(2-anilino-4-(N-methyI-N-2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-triazin-6- yIamin
  • Soil-release agents useful in compositions of the present invention are soil-release agents useful in compositions of the present invention.
  • polymeric materials such as polyvinyl pyrrolidones typically of MWt 5000-20000, preferably 10000-15000, also form useful
  • Another optional detergent composition ingredient is a suds
  • Silicones can be generally represented by alkylated polysiloxane
  • silica aerogels and xerogels and hydrophobic silicas of various types can be incorporated as particulates in which the suds suppressor is advantageously releasably
  • the suds suppressor can be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier and applied by spraying on to one or more of the other components.
  • useful silicone suds controlling agents can comprise a mixture of an alkylated siloxane, of the type referred to hereinbefore, and solid silica. Such mixtures are prepared by affixing the silicone to the surface of the solid silica.
  • a preferred silicone suds controlling agent is represented by a hydrophobic silanated (most preferably trimethyl-silanated) silica having a particle size in the range from 10 nanometers to 20 nanometers and a specific surface area above 50 m 2 /g, intimately admixed with dimethyl silicone fluid having a molecular weight in the range from about 500 to about 200,000 at a weight ratio of silicone to silanated silica of from about 1:1 to about 1:2.
  • a preferred silicone suds controlling agent is disclosed in Bartollota et al. US Patent 3,933,672. Other particularly useful suds
  • suppressors are the self-emulsifying silicone suds suppressors, described in German Patent Application DTOS 2,646,126 published April 28, 1977.
  • An example of such a compound is DC0544, commercially available from Dow Corning, which is a
  • the suds suppressors described above are normally employed at levels of from 0.001% to 0.5% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01 % to 0.1 % by weight.
  • the preferred methods of incorporation comprise either application of the suds suppressors in liquid form by spray-on to one or more of the major components of the composition or alternatively the formation of the suds suppressors into separate particulates that can then be mixed with the other solid components of the composition.
  • the incorporation of the suds modifiers as separate particulates also permits the inclusion therein of other suds controlling materials such as C 20 -C 24 fatty acids, microcrystalline waxes and high MWt copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide which would otherwise adversely affect the dispersibility of the matrix.
  • Another optional ingredient useful in the present invention is one or more enzymes.
  • Preferred enzymatic materials include the commercially available amylases, neutral and alkaline proteases, lipases, esterases and cellulases conventionally incorporated into detergent compositions. Suitable enzymes are discussed in US Patents 3,519,570 and
  • Fabric softening agents can also be incorporated into detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention. These agents may be inorganic or organic in type. Inorganic softening agents are examplified by the smectite clays disclosed in GB-A-1, 400,898.
  • Organic fabric softening agents include the water insoluble tertiary amines as disclosed in GB-A-1514276 and EP-B-0011340.
  • Levels of smectite clay are normally in the range from 5% to 15%, more preferably from 8% to 12% by weight, with the material being added as a dry mixed component to the remainder of the formulation.
  • Organic fabric softening agents such as the water-insoluble tertiary amines or dilong chain amide materials are incorporated at levels of from 0.5% to 5% by weight, normally from 1% to 3% by weight, whilst the high molecular weight polyethylene oxide materials and the water soluble cationic materials are added at levels of from 0.1 % to 2%, normally from 0.15% to 1.5% by weight.
  • these materials can be added to the aqueous slurry fed to the spray drying tower, although in some instances it may be more convenient to add them as a dry mixed particulate, or spray them as a molten liquid on to other solid components of the composition.
  • compositions Such high density compositions have a bulk density of at least 650 g/litre, more usually at least 700 g/litre and more preferably in excess of 800 g/litre.
  • Bulk density is measured by means of a simple funnel and cup device consisting of a conical funnel moulded rigidly on a base and provided with a flap valve at its lower extremity to allow the contents of the funnel to be emptied into an axially aligned cylindrical cup disposed below the funnel.
  • the funnel is 130 mm and 40 mm at its respective upper and lower extremities. It is mounted so that the lower extremity is 140 mm above the upper surface of the base.
  • the cup has an overall height of 90 mm, an internal height of 87 mm and an internal diameter of 84 mm. Its nominal volume is 500 ml.
  • the funnel is filled with powder by hand pouring, the flap valve is opened and powder allowed to overfill the cup.
  • the filled cup is removed from the frame and excess powder removed from the cup by passing a straight edged implement e.g. a knife, across its upper edge.
  • the filled cup is then weighed and the value obtained for the weight of powder doubled to provide the bulk density in g/litre. Replicate measurements are made as required.
  • Concentrated detergent compositions also normally incorporate at least one multi-ingredient component i.e. they do not comprise compositions formed merely by dry-mixing individual ingredients. Compositions in which each individual ingredient is dry-mixed are generally dusty, slow to dissolve and also tend to cake and develop poor particle flow characteristics in storage.
  • compositions of the invention can be made via a variety of methods including dry mixing, spray drying, agglomeration and granulation and preferred methods involve combinations of these techniques.
  • a preferred method of making the compositions involves a combination of spray drying, agglomeration in a high speed mixer and dry mixing.
  • Preferred detergent compositions in accordance with the invention comprise at least two particulate multi-ingredient components.
  • the first component comprises at least 15%, conventionally from 25% to 50%, but more preferably no more than 35% by weight of the composition and the second component from 1% to 50%, more preferably 10% to 40% by weight of the composition.
  • the first component comprises a particulate incorporating an anionic surfactant in an amount of from 0.75% to 40% by weight of the powder and one or more inorganic and/or organic salts in an amount of from 99.25% to 60% by weight of the powder.
  • the particulate can have any suitable form such as granules, flakes, prills, marumes or noodles but is preferably granular.
  • the granules themselves may be agglomerates formed by pan or drum agglomeration or by in-line mixers but are customarily spray dried particles produced by a atomising an aqueous slurry of the ingredients in a hot air stream which removes most of the water.
  • the spray dried granules are then subjected to densification steps, e.g. by high speed cutter mixers and/or compacting mills, to increase density before being
  • the first component is described hereinafter as a spray dried powder.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants for the purposes of the first component have been found to be slowly dissolving linear alkyl sulfate salts in which the alkyl group has an average of from 16 to 22 carbon atoms, and linear alkyl carboxylate salts in which the alkyl group has an average of from 16 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl groups for both types of surfactant are preferably derived from natural sources such as tallow fat and marine oils.
  • the level of anionic surfactant in the spray dried powder forming the first component is from 0.75% to 40% by weight, more usually 2.5% to 25% preferably from 3% to 20% and most preferably from 5% to 15% by weight.
  • Water-soluble surfactants such as linear alkyl benzene sulphonates or C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulphates can be included or alternatively may be applied subsequently to the spray dried powder by spray on.
  • the other major ingredient of the spray dried powder is one or more inorganic or organic salts that provide the crystalline structure for the granules.
  • the inorganic and/or organic salts may be water-soluble or water-insoluble, the latter type being comprised by the, or the major part of the, water-insoluble builders where these form part of the builder ingredient.
  • Suitable water soluble inorganic salts include the alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates.
  • Alkali metal silicates other than crystalline layered silicates can also be present in the spray dried granule provided that aluminosilicate does not form part of the spray dried component.
  • water-soluble sulphate particularly sodium sulphate
  • water-soluble sulphate should not be present at a level of more than 2.5% by weight of the composition.
  • no sodium sulphate is added as a separate ingredient and its incorporation as a by-product e.g. with sulph(on)ated surfactants, should be minimised.
  • an aluminosilicate zeolite forms the, or part of the, builder ingredient, it is preferred that it is not added directly by dry-mixing to the other components, but is incorporated into the multi-ingredient component(s).
  • any silicate present should not form part of the spray-dried granule.
  • incorporation of the silicate can be achieved in several ways, e.g. by producing a separate silicate-containing spray-dried particulate, by incorporating the silicate into an agglomerate of other ingredients, or more preferably by adding the silicate as a dry mixed solid ingredient.
  • the first component can also include up to 15% by weight of miscellaneous ingredients such as brighteners, anti-redeposition agents, photoactivated bleaches (such as tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine) and heavy metal sequestering agents.
  • miscellaneous ingredients such as brighteners, anti-redeposition agents, photoactivated bleaches (such as tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine) and heavy metal sequestering agents.
  • miscellaneous ingredients such as brighteners, anti-redeposition agents, photoactivated bleaches (such as tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine) and heavy metal sequestering agents.
  • miscellaneous ingredients such as brighteners, anti-redeposition agents, photoactivated bleaches (such as tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine) and heavy metal sequestering agents.
  • the first component is a spray dried powder it will normally be dried to a moisture content of from 7% to 11%
  • agglomeration may be lower and can be in the range 1-10% by weight.
  • the particle size of the first component is conventional and
  • the bulk density of the particles from the spray drying tower is conventionally in the range from 540 to 600 g/litre and this is then enhanced by further
  • processing steps such as size reduction in a high speed cutter/mixer followed by compaction.
  • processes other than spray drying may be used to form a high density particulate directly.
  • a second component of a preferred composition in accordance with the invention is another multi-ingredient particulate containing a water soluble surfactant.
  • This may be anionic, nonionic, cationic or semipolar in type or a mixture of any of these.
  • Suitable surfactants are listed hereinbefore but preferred surfactants are C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulphates, linear C 1 1 - C 15 alkyl benzene sulphonates and fatty C 14 -C 18 methyl ester sulphonates.
  • the second component may have any suitable physical form, i.e. it may take the form of flakes, prills, marumes, noodles, ribbons, or granules which may be spray-dried or non spray-dried agglomerates.
  • the second component could in theory comprise the water soluble surfactant on its own, in practice at least one organic or inorganic salt is included to facilitate processing. This provides a degree of crystallinity, and hence acceptable flow characteristics, to the particulate and may be any one or more of the organic or inorganic salts present in the first component.
  • the particle size range of the second component should be such as to obviate segregation from the particles of the first component when blended therewith. Thus not more than 5% by weight should be above 1.4 mm while not more than 10% should be less than 0.15 mm in maximum dimension.
  • the bulk density of the second component will be a function of its mode of preparation.
  • the preferred form of the second component is a mechanically mixed agglomerate which may be made by adding the ingredients dry or with an agglomerating agent to a pan agglomerator, Z blade mixer or more preferably an in-line mixer such as those manufactured by Schugi (Holland) BV, 29
  • the second component can be given a bulk density in the range from 650 g/litre to 1190 g/litre more preferably from 750 g/litre to 850 g/litre.
  • compositions include a level of alkali metal carbonate in the second component corresponding to an amount of from 3 % to 15% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 5% to 12% by weight. This will provide a level of carbonate in the second component of from 20% to 40% by weight.
  • a highly preferred ingredient of the second component is also a hydrated water insoluble aluminosilicate ion exchange material of the synthetic zeolite type, described hereinbefore, present at from 10% to 35% by weight of the second component.
  • the amount of water insoluble aluminosilicate material incorporated in this way is from 1 % to 10% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 2% to 8% by weight.
  • the surfactant salt is formed in situ in an inline mixer.
  • the liquid acid form of the surfactant is added to a mixture of particulate anhydrous sodium carbonate and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate in a continuous high speed blender, such as a Lodige KM mixer, and neutralised to form the surfactant salt whilst maintaining the particulate nature of the mixture.
  • the resultant agglomerated mixture forms the second component which is then added to other components of the product.
  • the surfactant salt is pre-neutralised and added as a viscous paste to the mixture of the other ingredients.
  • the mixer serves merely to agglomerate the ingredients to form the second component.
  • part of the spray dried product comprising the first granular component is diverted and subjected to a low level of nonionic surfactant spray on before being reblended with the remainder.
  • the second granular component is made using the preferred process described above.
  • the first and second components together with the coated bleach precursor particulate and the perhydrate bleach, other dry mix ingredients such as any carboxylate chelating agent, soil-release polymer, silicate of conventional or crystalline layered type, and enzyme are then fed to a conveyor belt, from which they are transferred to a horizontally rotating drum in which perfume and silicone suds suppressor are sprayed on to the product.
  • a further drum mixing step is employed in which a low (approx. 2% by weight) level of finely divided crystalline material is introduced to increase density and improve granular flow characteristics.
  • a low (approx. 2% by weight) level of finely divided crystalline material is introduced to increase density and improve granular flow characteristics.
  • an alkali metal percarbonate as the perhydrate salt it has been found necessary to control several aspects of the product such as its heavy metal ion content and its equilibrium relative humidity.
  • Sodium percarbonate-containing compositions of this type having enhanced stability are disclosed in the commonly assigned British Application No.
  • compositions in accordance with the invention can also benefit from delivery systems that provide transient localised high concentrations of product in the drum of an automatic washing machine at the start of the wash cycle, thereby also avoiding problems associated with loss of product in the pipework or sump of the machine.
  • Delivery to the drum can most easily be achieved by incorporation of the composition in a bag or container from which it is rapidly releasable at the start of the wash cycle in response to agitation, a rise in temperature or immersion in the wash water in the drum.
  • the washing machine itself may be adapted to permit direct addition of the composition to the drum e.g. by a dispensing arrangement in the access door.
  • Products comprising a detergent composition enclosed in a bag or container are usually designed in such a way that container integrity is maintained in the dry state to prevent egress of the contents when dry, but are adapted for release of the container contents on exposure to a washing environment, normally on immersion in an aqueous solution.
  • the container will be flexible, such as a bag or pouch.
  • the bag may be of fibrous construction coated with a water impermeable protective material so as to retain the contents, such as is disclosed in European published Patent Application No. 0018678.
  • it may be formed of a water-insoluble synthetic polymeric material provided with an edge seal or closure designed to rupture in aqueous media as disclosed in European published Patent Application Nos. 0011500, 0011501, 0011502, and 0011968.
  • a convenient form of water frangible closure comprises a water soluble adhesive disposed along and sealing one edge of a pouch formed of a water
  • impermeable polymeric film such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • laminated sheet products can be employed in which a central flexible layer is impregnated and/or coated with a composition and then one or more outer layers are applied to produce a fabric-like aesthetic effect. The layers may be sealed together so as to remain attached during use or may separate on contact with water to facilitate the release of the coated or impregnated material.
  • An alternative laminate form comprises one layer embossed or deformed to provide a series of pouch-like containers into each of which the detergent components are deposited in measured amounts, with a second layer overlying the first layer and sealed thereto in those areas beteen the pouch-like containers where the two layers are in contact.
  • the components may be deposited in particulate, paste or molten form and the laminate layers should prevent egress of the contents of the pouch-like containers prior to their addition to water.
  • the layers may separate or may remain attached together on contact with water, the only requirement being that the structure should permit rapid release of the contents of the pouch-like containers into solution.
  • the number of pouch-like containers per unit area of substrate is a matter of choice but will normally vary between 500 and 25,000 per square metre.
  • Suitable materials which can be used for the flexible laminate layers in this aspect of the invention include, among others, sponges, paper and woven and non-woven fabrics.
  • the preferred means of carrying out the process of the invention is to introduce the composition into the liquid surrounding the fabrics that are in the drum via a reusable dispensing device having walls that are permeable to liquid but impermeable to the solid composition.
  • Devices of this kind are disclosed in European Patent Application Publication Nos. 0343069 & 0343070.
  • the latter Application discloses a device comprising a flexible sheath in the form of a bag extending from a support ring defining an orifice, the orifice being adapted to admit to the bag sufficent product for one washing cycle in a washing cycle. A portion of the washing medium flows through the orifice into the bag, dissolves the product, and the solution then passes outwardly through the orifice into the washing medium.
  • the support ring is provided with a masking arrangement to prevent egress of wetted, undissolved, product, this arrangement typically comprising radially extending walls extending from a central boss in a spoked wheel configuration, or a similar structure in which the walls have a helical form.
  • TAS Sodium tallow alcohol sulphate
  • TAE n Tallow alcohol ethoxylated with n moles of
  • CnAE E6.5 A C 12 -C 13 primary alcohol condensed with 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • Silicate Amorphous Sodium Silicate (SiO 2 :Na 2 O ratio normally follows)
  • Carbonate Anhydrous sodium carbonate
  • CMC Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • Zeolite A Hydrated Sodium Aluminosilicate of formula
  • Polyacrylate Homopolymer of acrylic acid of MWt 4000
  • Citrate Tri-sodium citrate dihydrate Beaker No.1 Beaker No.2
  • TAED in fine powder form was agglomerated with TAE25 to give particles in which 85% by weight was between 400 micrometers and 1700 micrometers.
  • This material was divided into five fractions identified as A-F, of which fraction A was untreated and the remainder were treated as follows
  • the treatments were all applied by hand spraying into a small coating drum.
  • the octanoic acid was applied as a melt at 60°C whilst the remainder were applied as aqueous solutions at ambient temperature (20°C).
  • the citric acid solution was 50% by weight, the glycolic acid solution was 66% by weight and the polyacrylic acid solution was 50% by weight. Material from each fraction was then incorporated into a model detergent formulation having the composition in parts by weight.
  • MA/AA Copolymer of 1:4 maleic/acrylic acid
  • MVEMA Maleic anhydride/vinyl methyl ether
  • copolymer believed to have an average molecular weight of 240,000. This material was prehydrolysed with NaOH before addition.
  • Perborate Sodium perborate tetrahydrate of nominal formula NaBO 2 .3H 2 O.H 2 O 2
  • Enzyme Mixed proteolytic and amylolytic
  • Brightener Disodium 4,4'-bis(2-morpholino-4-anilinos-triazin-6-ylamino) stilbene-2:2'- disulphonate.
  • unrestrained dissolution conditions are defined as those existing in the Beaker Perhydrolysis Test as carried out using a Sotax Dissolution Tester Model AT6 supplied by Sotax AG CH-4008 BASEL Switzerland. This
  • Apparatus comprises an array of polycarbonate beakers, each capable of holding 1 litre of water, supported in a thermostatically controlled water bath. Each beaker is provided with a paddle stirrer whose speed can be controlled.
  • the formulations containg TAED fractions A & D of Example 1 were subjected to a full scale washing machine test using Miele automatic washing machines (Model W754) set to the Short Wash cycle at 40°C. Each machine was loaded with four cotton bedsheets (3.3 kg) and 100g of the formulation was added to the fabrics in the machine drum via an Arielator (RTM) dispensing device. 12 litres of water of 150 ppm hardness (expressed as CaCO 3 ) with a Ca:Mg ratio of 3:1 was fed to each machine.
  • the product containing fraction D (the glycolic acid-surface treated TAED), perhydrolyses more slowly than the product containing fraction A (the untreated material), during the initial stages of the wash cycle.
  • the glycolic acid surface treatment of the TAED inhibits perhydrolysis during the period of high localised product concentration existing at the start of the wash cycle, where the high aqueous solubility of the acid is believed to create a low pH environment around the TAED particles.
  • the yield of peroxy acid from the treated TAED is better than from the untreated material, indicating that delayed release of the TAED results in its more effective conversion into peroxy acid.
  • a full scale washing machine test was carried out comparing three formulations containing fractions B, C & D of the surface treated precursor of Example 1.
  • the fractions were added respectively to a modified form of the detergent formulation of Example 1 in which the sodium percarbonate was replaced by the same weight of sodium perborate monohydrate.
  • the washing machine comparison employed the same technique as that used in Example 2, save that the wash temperature was 20°C. This temperature is typical of that found during the initial cold fill stage of European wash cycles. Results are shown below in Table in
  • Example IV The washing machine comparison of Example IV was repeated using formulations containing TAED fractions A & D of Example 1, as well as an additional TAED fraction F comprising fraction A further agglomerated with 10% by weight of glycolic acid (on total agglomerate weight basis).
  • the formulations were subjected to a coloured swatch degradation test as described in Example IV and gave the following results
  • fraction D incorporating 5% glycolic acid surface treated precursor particulates in accordance with the invention, has a markedly lower overall damage grade than the untreated fraction A.
  • the use of 10%, i.e. double the level, of glycolic acid as an agglomerating agent results in little decrease in damage grade relative to the untreated material. This confirms the importance of surface treatment of the bleach precursor particulates in obtaining the fabric damage reduction benefit of the invention.

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Abstract

L'invention décrit des compositions précurseurs d'agents de blanchiment au peroxyacide solides, dans lesquelles les surfaces extérieures d'un matériau précurseur au peroxyacide sous forme de particules sont traitées avec 2 % à 20 % en poids d'un composé acide organique solide à Mpt>30 °C et dont la solubilité aqueuse est d'au moins 5g/100g d'eau à 20 °C. Le matériau précurseur d'agent de blanchiment, traité de cette façon, perhydrolyse au bout de 3 minutes dans un test standard à 20 °C, à au moins 90 % de la quantité de matériau précurseur de blanchiment non traité dans les mêmes conditions. Les composés d'acides organiques préférés sont des acides polycarboxyliques et hydroxycarboxyliques aliphatiques monomères tels que les acides citrique, lactique ou glycolique. L'invention décrit également des compostions détergentes contenant le matériau précurseur d'agent de blanchiment au peroxyacide sous forme de particules.
PCT/US1992/000664 1991-02-06 1992-01-28 Compositions precurseurs d'agents de blanchiment au peroxyacide WO1992013798A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS931593A CZ159393A3 (en) 1991-02-06 1992-01-28 Colored bleaching precursor agent based on a per-acid
SK836-93A SK83693A3 (en) 1991-02-06 1992-01-28 Peroxyacid bleach precursor compositions
US08/094,090 US5411673A (en) 1991-02-06 1992-01-28 Peroxyacid bleach precursor compositions
AU14199/92A AU661681B2 (en) 1991-02-06 1992-01-28 Peroxyacid bleach precursor compositions
JP5506608A JP2657114B2 (ja) 1991-02-06 1992-10-01 トリアゾール抗真菌剤

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919102507A GB9102507D0 (en) 1991-02-06 1991-02-06 Peroxyacid bleach precursor compositions
GB9102507.2 1991-02-06

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WO1992013798A1 true WO1992013798A1 (fr) 1992-08-20

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JP (1) JP2657114B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1064701A (fr)
AR (1) AR244798A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU661681B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2101448A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ159393A3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9102507D0 (fr)
HU (1) HU9302289D0 (fr)
IE (1) IE920384A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9200518A (fr)
MY (1) MY107914A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ241533A (fr)
PT (1) PT100101A (fr)
SK (1) SK83693A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992013798A1 (fr)

Cited By (21)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995018206A1 (fr) * 1993-12-24 1995-07-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Precurseur particulaire de blanchiment au peroxyacide enrobe d'un acide organique hydrosoluble particulaire
WO1995033026A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions contenant oleoyle sarcosinate empechant le transfert de colorants
WO1995033038A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Sarcosinate a adoucissants argileux dans des compositions de blanchissage
WO1995033043A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment comprenant des tensioactifs de type sarcosinate d'oleoyle
WO1996001887A1 (fr) * 1994-07-07 1996-01-25 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Agent de lavage et de blanchiment en poudre
EP0710716A2 (fr) 1994-11-02 1996-05-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Activateurs de blanchiment sous forme granulaire et leur production
US5534195A (en) * 1993-12-23 1996-07-09 The Procter & Gamble Co. Process for making particles comprising lactam bleach activators
US5534196A (en) * 1993-12-23 1996-07-09 The Procter & Gamble Co. Process for making lactam bleach activator containing particles
EP0720814A1 (fr) 1994-12-14 1996-07-10 Chemoxal Sa Production de formulations desinfectantes biocides, à base d'ions peracétiques
WO1996028534A1 (fr) * 1995-03-11 1996-09-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition detergente comportant une source de peroxyde d'hydrogene et une protease
EP0791044A1 (fr) * 1994-11-19 1997-08-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de precurseurs de blanchiment a base de peroxyacide hydrophobe stabilisees par un acide carboxylique hydrosoluble
WO1998000515A1 (fr) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions nettoyantes liquides non aqueuses contenant des particules enrobees
US5780410A (en) * 1993-07-14 1998-07-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions containing percarbonate and making processes thereof
WO1999014296A1 (fr) * 1997-09-16 1999-03-25 Clariant Gmbh Activateurs de blanchiment a base de nitrile d'ammonium sous forme de granules enrobes
US5925609A (en) * 1995-03-11 1999-07-20 Procter & Gamble Company Detergent composition comprising source of hydrogen peroxide and protease enzyme
US6017867A (en) * 1998-06-05 2000-01-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions containing percarbonate and making processes thereof
US6063750A (en) * 1997-09-16 2000-05-16 Clariant Gmbh Bleach activator granules
US6107266A (en) * 1996-10-10 2000-08-22 Clariant Gmbh Process for producing coated bleach activator granules
US6270690B1 (en) 1997-09-16 2001-08-07 Clariant Gmbh Storage stable bleach activator granules
EP0700427B2 (fr) † 1993-05-26 2005-08-10 Unilever Plc Compositions detergentes
WO2019186457A1 (fr) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Pilon, Randall Andrew Compositions antimicrobiennes contenant un composé peroxygéné et un tensioactif anionique a base d'alkylsarcosine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3662046B1 (fr) * 2017-07-31 2024-08-14 Dow Global Technologies LLC Additif détergent

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US4422950A (en) * 1980-12-09 1983-12-27 Lever Brothers Company Bleach activator granules and preparation thereof
US4444674A (en) * 1980-11-06 1984-04-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular bleach activator compositions and detergent compositions containing them
US4486327A (en) * 1983-12-22 1984-12-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Bodies containing stabilized bleach activators
US4678594A (en) * 1985-07-19 1987-07-07 Colgate-Palmolive Company Method of encapsulating a bleach and activator therefor in a binder
US4726908A (en) * 1985-02-11 1988-02-23 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Agglomeration process including a heating step for making a free-flowing granulate
US4731195A (en) * 1986-03-10 1988-03-15 Ecolab Inc. Encapsulated bleach particles with at least two coating layers having different melting points
US4853143A (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-08-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Bleach activator compositions containing an antioxidant
US4938889A (en) * 1986-11-15 1990-07-03 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Storable bleach mixture having improved dissolving power
US5015408A (en) * 1988-03-19 1991-05-14 Reckitt Gmbh Denture cleaning tablet containing a bleach activator and an organic phosphonic acid stabilizer

Patent Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4444674A (en) * 1980-11-06 1984-04-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular bleach activator compositions and detergent compositions containing them
US4422950A (en) * 1980-12-09 1983-12-27 Lever Brothers Company Bleach activator granules and preparation thereof
US4486327A (en) * 1983-12-22 1984-12-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Bodies containing stabilized bleach activators
US4726908A (en) * 1985-02-11 1988-02-23 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Agglomeration process including a heating step for making a free-flowing granulate
US4678594A (en) * 1985-07-19 1987-07-07 Colgate-Palmolive Company Method of encapsulating a bleach and activator therefor in a binder
US4731195A (en) * 1986-03-10 1988-03-15 Ecolab Inc. Encapsulated bleach particles with at least two coating layers having different melting points
US4938889A (en) * 1986-11-15 1990-07-03 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Storable bleach mixture having improved dissolving power
US4853143A (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-08-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Bleach activator compositions containing an antioxidant
US5015408A (en) * 1988-03-19 1991-05-14 Reckitt Gmbh Denture cleaning tablet containing a bleach activator and an organic phosphonic acid stabilizer

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0700427B2 (fr) † 1993-05-26 2005-08-10 Unilever Plc Compositions detergentes
US5780410A (en) * 1993-07-14 1998-07-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions containing percarbonate and making processes thereof
US5534195A (en) * 1993-12-23 1996-07-09 The Procter & Gamble Co. Process for making particles comprising lactam bleach activators
US5534196A (en) * 1993-12-23 1996-07-09 The Procter & Gamble Co. Process for making lactam bleach activator containing particles
WO1995018206A1 (fr) * 1993-12-24 1995-07-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Precurseur particulaire de blanchiment au peroxyacide enrobe d'un acide organique hydrosoluble particulaire
WO1995033026A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions contenant oleoyle sarcosinate empechant le transfert de colorants
WO1995033038A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Sarcosinate a adoucissants argileux dans des compositions de blanchissage
WO1995033043A1 (fr) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment comprenant des tensioactifs de type sarcosinate d'oleoyle
WO1996001887A1 (fr) * 1994-07-07 1996-01-25 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Agent de lavage et de blanchiment en poudre
US5716569A (en) * 1994-11-02 1998-02-10 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Granulated bleaching activators and their preparation
EP0710716A2 (fr) 1994-11-02 1996-05-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Activateurs de blanchiment sous forme granulaire et leur production
EP0791044A1 (fr) * 1994-11-19 1997-08-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de precurseurs de blanchiment a base de peroxyacide hydrophobe stabilisees par un acide carboxylique hydrosoluble
EP0791044A4 (fr) * 1994-11-19 1998-09-02 Procter & Gamble Compositions de precurseurs de blanchiment a base de peroxyacide hydrophobe stabilisees par un acide carboxylique hydrosoluble
EP0720814A1 (fr) 1994-12-14 1996-07-10 Chemoxal Sa Production de formulations desinfectantes biocides, à base d'ions peracétiques
WO1996028534A1 (fr) * 1995-03-11 1996-09-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition detergente comportant une source de peroxyde d'hydrogene et une protease
US5925609A (en) * 1995-03-11 1999-07-20 Procter & Gamble Company Detergent composition comprising source of hydrogen peroxide and protease enzyme
WO1998000515A1 (fr) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions nettoyantes liquides non aqueuses contenant des particules enrobees
US6645927B1 (en) * 1996-10-10 2003-11-11 Clariant Gmbh Process for producing coated bleach activator granules
US6107266A (en) * 1996-10-10 2000-08-22 Clariant Gmbh Process for producing coated bleach activator granules
US6063750A (en) * 1997-09-16 2000-05-16 Clariant Gmbh Bleach activator granules
US6133216A (en) * 1997-09-16 2000-10-17 Clariant Gmbh Coated ammonium nitrile bleach activator granules
US6270690B1 (en) 1997-09-16 2001-08-07 Clariant Gmbh Storage stable bleach activator granules
WO1999014296A1 (fr) * 1997-09-16 1999-03-25 Clariant Gmbh Activateurs de blanchiment a base de nitrile d'ammonium sous forme de granules enrobes
KR100564071B1 (ko) * 1997-09-16 2006-03-27 클라리안트 프로두크테 (도이칠란트) 게엠베하 피복된 과립 형태의 암모늄 니트릴계 표백 활성화제
US6017867A (en) * 1998-06-05 2000-01-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions containing percarbonate and making processes thereof
WO2019186457A1 (fr) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Pilon, Randall Andrew Compositions antimicrobiennes contenant un composé peroxygéné et un tensioactif anionique a base d'alkylsarcosine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0571524A1 (fr) 1993-12-01
EP0571524A4 (fr) 1993-09-23
CZ159393A3 (en) 1994-03-16
AR244798A1 (es) 1993-11-30
SK83693A3 (en) 1994-04-06
JP2657114B2 (ja) 1997-09-24
HU9302289D0 (en) 1993-11-29
AU1419992A (en) 1992-09-07
AU661681B2 (en) 1995-08-03
CA2101448A1 (fr) 1992-08-07
MX9200518A (es) 1992-12-01
JPH06505691A (ja) 1994-06-30
NZ241533A (en) 1995-01-27
CN1064701A (zh) 1992-09-23
PT100101A (pt) 1993-03-31
IE920384A1 (en) 1992-08-12
MY107914A (en) 1996-06-29
GB9102507D0 (en) 1991-03-27

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