WO1992013383A1 - Procede d'augmentation du rendement d'un generateur electrique - Google Patents

Procede d'augmentation du rendement d'un generateur electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992013383A1
WO1992013383A1 PCT/GB1992/000086 GB9200086W WO9213383A1 WO 1992013383 A1 WO1992013383 A1 WO 1992013383A1 GB 9200086 W GB9200086 W GB 9200086W WO 9213383 A1 WO9213383 A1 WO 9213383A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
current
magnetic flux
flux path
reducing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/000086
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leslie I. Szabo
Original Assignee
Electro Erg Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electro Erg Limited filed Critical Electro Erg Limited
Publication of WO1992013383A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992013383A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/18—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators
    • H02K19/20—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/22—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators
    • H02K19/24—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/06—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving flux distributors, and both coil systems and magnets stationary

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of increasing the efficiency of an electrical generator which generates real power by a change of the reluctance in the magnetic flux path through the generator.
  • this invention relates to a method of increasing the efficiency of such generators by providing specific components, features and characteristics of the generator in a combination so as to reduce the relative effect of the load on the generator.
  • this invention resides in providing a method of increasing the efficiency of an electrical generator for use in association with a generator which generates real output power by a change of the reluctance of the magnetic flux path; the method comprising: providing the following components, features and characteristics of the generator: (a) number of turns [Nl] of excitation coils of an excitation circuit around the magnetic flux path;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic, perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a preferred embodiment of a reducing circuit of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of a preferred embodiment of the logic and thyristor circuits of a reducing circuit of the invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic, perspective view of two generators of the invention having common stator and rotor;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic, perspective view of two generators of the invention constructed substantially identically
  • Figure 6 is a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 12A is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 12B is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in Figure 1 is a simplified generator 10 of the type that generates real output power Por by change of the reluctance R in a magnetic flux path 12.
  • the generator 10 as shown has a stator 14 and a rotor 16 which form the magnetic flux path 12.
  • Rotor 16 is rotated by shaft 18.
  • Shaft 18 is driven by input power Pi.
  • Shaft 18 and, therefore, rotor 16 rotate at a rate of "n" revolutions per minute.
  • the reluctance R of the magnetic flux path 12 is maximum.
  • the reluctance R is a minimum.
  • the average reluctance "Ra" of the magnetic flux path 12 can be determined with respect to time. Also, the amplitude of change "Re” of the reluctance R of the magnetic flux path 12 can be determined with respect to time.
  • the reluctance-changing part is the rotor 16.
  • the number of poles "p" of rotor 16 is two poles, pi and p2. However, it is possible for the rotor 16 to have a greater number of poles as is practical. In practical generators, the number of poles p would usually be in the range of about 2 to 36.
  • Excitation circuit 20 has an excitation source 22 which is a d.c. or a.c. source.
  • the excitation source 22 supplies excitation current lex through excitation coils 24, which are coiled around the magnetic flux path 12.
  • the number of excitation coils 24 is "Nl". As shown for simplicity in Figure 1, Nl is three. However, in practical generators, Nl would usually be in the range of about 3 to several thousands, say to about 50,000.
  • Load circuit 26 has a load "RL” which is connected to load coils 28 which are coiled around the magnetic flux path 12.
  • the number of load coils 28 is "N2". As shown for simplicity in Figure 1, N2 is five. However, in practical generators, N2 would usually be in the range of about 3 to several thousands, say to about 45,000.
  • the present inventor has recognized that the effect of the load RL on the real input power requirement can be reduced by reducing the relative effect of the load RL in Equation 1 above.
  • the relative effect of the load RL in Equation 1 can be reduced by providing the generator 10 with a combination of components, features and characteristics C so as to increase the value of Equation 1 for a given load RL, or even an increased load RL, without decreasing the load RL itself.
  • this task is accomplished by providing the following components, features and characteristics (referred to collectively as components C) of the generator 10 in a combination so as to reduce the relative effect of the load RL in the relationship as defined by Equation 1.
  • the components C are provided such that the value of:
  • the ratio N1/N2 increases substantially when the number of turns N2 of the load coils 28 is increased by further increasing the number of turns Nl of the excitation coils 24.
  • the present inventor has also discovered, recognized and determined that during operation of the generators of the type as described herein, there is an alternating current Is which is superimposed on the excitation current lex in the excitation coils 24 of excitation circuit 20.
  • This superimposed current Is has an effect of reducing the effective current leff passing through the load coils 28 and the load RL.
  • the effect of the superimposed current Is should be reduced. in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the effect of the superimposed current Is is reduced by inserting in the excitation circuit 20 a reducing circuit 30 as shown generally in Figure 1.
  • the reducing circuit 30 comprises a comparator means 32 for comparing the varying amplitude lex-amp of the excitation current lex to an amplitude Idc-amp of a d.c. current Idc.
  • the reducing circuit 30 also comprises a reduction means 34 for reducing the difference D between the varying amplitude lex-amp of the excitation current lex and the amplitude Idc-amp of the d.c. current Idc.
  • the comparator means 32 and the reducing means 34 are comprised of logic and thyristor circuits which could be designed, constructed and implemented by those skilled in the art of electronic circuitry. An example of such circuits is shown in
  • the effect of the superimposed current Is is reduced by providing a common d.c. supply 50 to excite the first generator 10 and to excite a second generator 100.
  • the second generator 100 may be constructed together with the first generator 10, and having a common rotor 16, as shown in Figure 4, or a common stator (not shown).
  • the second generator 100' may be constructed separately from the first generator 10 and substantially identical to the first generator 10, as shown in Figure 5.
  • generator 40 is substantially the same as generator 10 as described above, except that instead of the rotor as the reluctance-changing part, generator 40 has a moving part 42 through which the magnetic flux path 12 passes as the reluctance-changing part.
  • the magnetic reluctance R can be changed periodically by moving the part 42 of the magnetic flux path 12 in a generally in and out direction as indicated generally as A, or in a generally to and fro direction as indicated generally as B.
  • the "number of poles "p" of the reluctance-changing part” should be considered to be 2, and the “revolutions per minute "n” of the reluctance- changing part” should be considered to be one half the number of times per minute that the reluctance R periodically changes as a result of the movement of the part 42.
  • generator 50 in another form of generator 50, as shown in
  • FIG 7 there is a plurality of parts 52 which are mounted on a rotating body 54 (partially shown) such that the parts 52 are rotated past the ends 56A and 56B of the stationary part 58 of the magnetic flux path 12 of the generator 50 so as to periodically change the reluctance R of the magnetic flux path 12.
  • the reluctance-changing part is the part 52 and, therefore, the "number of poles "p" on the reluctance-changing part” should be considered to be the number of parts 52 mounted on the rotating body 54, and - li ⁇ the "revolutions per minute "n" of the reluctance-changing part” should be considered to be the revolutions per minute of the rotating body 54.
  • the reluctance of the magnetic flux path is changed without the necessity of rotating a rotor or spatially moving a part of the magnetic flux path.
  • the change in reluctance is obtained by magnetically saturating or nearly saturating a portion of the magnetic flux path of the generator.
  • generator 60 has a first or primary magnetic flux path 12, a stator portion 14, excitation circuit 20 with excitation source 22 and load circuit 26 all as described above with respect to generator 10.
  • generator 60 instead of having rotor 16 or moving parts 42 or 52, generator 60 has a common region 62 and a secondary magnetic flux path 64 which passes through the common region 62.
  • the first or primary magnetic flux path 12 also passes through the common region 62.
  • the secondary magnetic flux path 64 may also be referred to as the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64.
  • the excitation circuit 20 includes the excitation current lex which may also be referred to as the primary current Ip.
  • the primary current induces the primary magnetic flux Fp which follows the primary magnetic flux path 12.
  • the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 is positioned and configured with respect to the first magnetic flux path 12 such that there is a first region 12' of the first magnetic flux path 12 that extends between the first portion 12A of the first magnetic path 12 and the second portion 12B of the first magnetic path 12 not in the common region 62 but in the stator portion 14. There is also a second region 12' ' of the first magnetic flux path 12 that extends between the first portion 12A of the first magnetic flux path 12 and the second portion 12B of the first magnetic flux path 12 that is in the common region 62.
  • the second region 12' * is the common region 62. This region is common to both the first magnetic flux path 12 and the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64.
  • the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 has a magnetic reluctance MR2, and a first end portion 64A and a second end portion 64B.
  • the first end portion 64A is magnetically connected, preferably through an optional gap 66A, to a first portion 12A of the first magnetic path 12 and the second end portion 64B is magnetically connected, preferably through an optional gap 66B, to a second portion 12B of the first magnetic path 12.
  • the portions 12A and 12B are located on the the common region 62.
  • the first region 12' has a magnetic reluctance MR' and the second region 12* • has a magnetic reluctance MR' ' .
  • the magnetic reluctance MR 1 ' of the common region 62 is greater when saturated, and preferably much greater, than the magnetic reluctance MR 1 of the first region 12'. This can be readily accomplished by having the common region 62 periodically saturated by means 70.
  • the means 70 includes an electric conductor loop 72 with at least one loop 72A around the efficiency- improving magnetic flux path 64.
  • tertiary electric current It which is preferably reactive current or substantially reactive current with a frequency "f"
  • a tertiary varying magnetic flux Ft with a frequency of "f" can be induced which will periodically saturate the common region 62.
  • the frequency "f" will be within the range of about 5 Hertz to about 1000 MegaHertz.
  • the particular frequency selected will depend on the particular application.
  • means for substantially preventing the primary magnetic flux Fp from flowing in the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 that is not in the common region 62 comprises the magnetic reluctance MR2 of the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 outside the common region 62 being substantially greater than the magnetic reluctance MR 11 of the common region 62.
  • the means for substantially preventing the primary magnetic flux Fp from flowing in the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 outside the common region 62 comprises the magnitude of the tertiary magnetic flux Ft being substantially greater than the magnitude of the primary magnetic flux Fp.
  • both end portions 64A, 64B of the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 are directly connected magnetically to the first magnetic flux path 12 by physically connecting the relevant end portions 64A, 64B to the relevant first and second portions 12A, 12B of the first magnetic flux path.
  • This embodiment is shown in Figure 9.
  • only one end portion 64A, 64B of the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 is spatially separated from the first magnetic flux path 12 by a gap 66A or 66B.
  • the gap 66A or 66B may be an air gap or a gap made from a material having a magnetic reluctance greater than the magnetic reluctance MR2 of the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 outside the common region 62 or the magnetic reluctance MR' ' of the common region 62.
  • the common region 62 is spatially separated from the efficiency-improving magnetic flux path 64 outside the common region 62 and from the first portion 12' of the first magnetic flux path 12 as shown in Figure 8.
  • the common region 62 is spatially separated from the first portion 12* of the first magnetic flux path 12 by gaps 68A and 68B which may be air gaps or gaps of other suitable material.
  • the common region 62 physically connected to the first region 12' either at one of the regions 12A or 12B, or at both of the 12A and 12B locations, as shown in Figure 10.
  • n f x 60
  • the excitation circuit is replaced by a permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet will produce the primary magnetic flux. Therefore, the product Nl x lex in Equation 1 is replaced by the appropriate equivalent for the particular arrangement of permanent magnets. It will be understood by those skilled in the appropriate arts as to what the appropriate equivalent ought to be.
  • secondary magnetic flux or efficiency-improving magnetic flux Ftp similar to the flux Ft shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10.
  • secondary flux Ftp is substantially perpendicular to primary flux Fp at the portion 62 of the secondary magnetic flux path 64p that is common with the first magnetic flux path 12.
  • secondary flux Ftp need not be at 90° to the primary flux Fp in order to operate. It is possible that the secondary flux Ftp be at some other angle to the primary flux Fp in the region 62 where the secondary magnetic flux path 64p and the first magnetic flux path 12 are common.
  • the size of the common region 62 (as shown in Figure 11) can be increased in order to increase the amount of saturation.
  • the size of the common region 62 can be increased by changing the geometry of the device to that shown generally in Figures 12A and 12B.
  • Figures 12A and 12B show a hollow, generally-toroidally-shaped body 80.
  • Figure 12A is a cross-sectional view of the body 80 along the line 12A-12A.
  • Figure 12B is a cross-sectional view of the body 80 along the line 12B-12B.
  • the body 80 is shown to be generally circular in both of its cross-sections, the body 80 could have any other form of polygonal cross-sections, including trapazoidal (preferably rectangular or square), pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal and decagonal. Also, the cross- sectional shapes as viewed along line 12A-12A need not be the same as the cross-sectional shape when viewed along line 12B-12B.
  • Excitation circuit 20 with excitation source 22 enters into body 80 through opening 82 and loops through the interior 84 of the body 80. Although only one loop of excitation circuit 20 is shown inside the body 80, there would usually be many loops. Excitation circuit includes excitation current lex which may also be referred to as the primary current Ip. When the primary current Ip flows in the excitation circuit 20, a primary magnetic flux Fp flows in the body 80 as shown.
  • a load circuit 26 is connected to load RL.
  • the load circuit loops through the interior 84 of the body 80. Although only one loop of the load circuit 26 is shown, there are usually many loops.
  • a saturating excitation circuit 70 has a source 74. Saturating circuit 70 is wound substantially perpendicularly to the excitation current Ip. Preferably, the saturating coils 70 are wound around the exterior of the body 80 as shown. Current It is caused to flow in the saturating circuit 70 which, in turn, causes a saturating flux Ftp in the body 80. Saturating flux Ftp is substantially perpendicular to primary flux Fp.
  • the saturation circuit 70 causes periodic magnetic saturation in the body 80.
  • the common portion 62 is the entire body 80.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé pour augmenter le rendement d'un générateur électrique (10) du type générant une puissance de sortie utile, par une modification de la réluctance du chemin du flux magnétique. On améliore l'efficacité du générateur (10) en montant sur ledit générateur des composants spécifiques et en lui donnant des caractéristiques dont la combinaison et les relations permettent de réduire l'effet relatif de la charge. Le rendement est également augmenté par reconnaissance et réduction de l'effet d'un courant alternatif superposé au courant d'excitation.
PCT/GB1992/000086 1991-01-15 1992-01-15 Procede d'augmentation du rendement d'un generateur electrique WO1992013383A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2034163 CA2034163A1 (fr) 1991-01-15 1991-01-15 Methode pour accroitre le rendement d'une generatrice
CA2,034,163 1991-01-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992013383A1 true WO1992013383A1 (fr) 1992-08-06

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CA (1) CA2034163A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992013383A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2191571A1 (es) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-01 Mendez Abraham Conde Generador de energia electrica.
WO2009021381A1 (fr) * 2007-08-15 2009-02-19 Chin-I Chang Structure de production d'énergie d'un générateur
DE102009031205A1 (de) 2009-07-01 2011-01-05 Reinhold Johannes Gorzellik Antriebsmaschine mit elektrischer, magnetischer und mechanischer Energie als Input
DE102009034343A1 (de) 2009-07-23 2011-02-03 Reinhold Johannes Gorzellik Antriebsmaschine mit elektrischer, magnetischer und mechanischer Energie als Input
WO2011101501A2 (fr) 2009-11-11 2011-08-25 Abrahan Conde Mendez Multigénérateur d'énergie électrique
WO2012093951A3 (fr) * 2011-01-03 2012-12-27 Tudor-Frunza Florin-Eugen Générateur électrique polyphasé à reluctance commutée

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1488975A (en) * 1921-04-25 1924-04-01 Brown Phelps Magneto
US1812202A (en) * 1928-06-20 1931-06-30 Union Switch & Signal Co Electrical translating apparatus
DE647241C (de) * 1937-06-30 Lorenz Akt Ges C Mehrfrequenzenmaschine
US2228731A (en) * 1939-12-06 1941-01-14 Merlin L Pugh Transformer control system
DE755900C (de) * 1939-08-10 1953-09-07 Siemens App Wechselstromerzeuger mit feststehendem induzierendem und induziertem System sowie einem mit Kraftlinienleitstuecken versehenen rotierenden Laeufer, insbesondere zum Messen magnetischer Felder
US2825869A (en) * 1955-04-07 1958-03-04 Sperry Rand Corp Bi-toroidal transverse magnetic amplifier with core structure providing highest symmetry and a closed magnetic path
US3087108A (en) * 1957-01-03 1963-04-23 Dominic S Toffolo Flux switching transformer
US3912958A (en) * 1974-07-26 1975-10-14 Us Navy Flux-switched inductor alternator
US4835431A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-05-30 Lindgren Theodore D Transformer and synchronous machine with stationary field winding

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE647241C (de) * 1937-06-30 Lorenz Akt Ges C Mehrfrequenzenmaschine
US1488975A (en) * 1921-04-25 1924-04-01 Brown Phelps Magneto
US1812202A (en) * 1928-06-20 1931-06-30 Union Switch & Signal Co Electrical translating apparatus
DE755900C (de) * 1939-08-10 1953-09-07 Siemens App Wechselstromerzeuger mit feststehendem induzierendem und induziertem System sowie einem mit Kraftlinienleitstuecken versehenen rotierenden Laeufer, insbesondere zum Messen magnetischer Felder
US2228731A (en) * 1939-12-06 1941-01-14 Merlin L Pugh Transformer control system
US2825869A (en) * 1955-04-07 1958-03-04 Sperry Rand Corp Bi-toroidal transverse magnetic amplifier with core structure providing highest symmetry and a closed magnetic path
US3087108A (en) * 1957-01-03 1963-04-23 Dominic S Toffolo Flux switching transformer
US3912958A (en) * 1974-07-26 1975-10-14 Us Navy Flux-switched inductor alternator
US4835431A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-05-30 Lindgren Theodore D Transformer and synchronous machine with stationary field winding

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2191571A1 (es) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-01 Mendez Abraham Conde Generador de energia electrica.
WO2003073590A1 (fr) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-04 Abraham Conde Mendez Generateur electrique
WO2009021381A1 (fr) * 2007-08-15 2009-02-19 Chin-I Chang Structure de production d'énergie d'un générateur
DE102009031205A1 (de) 2009-07-01 2011-01-05 Reinhold Johannes Gorzellik Antriebsmaschine mit elektrischer, magnetischer und mechanischer Energie als Input
DE102009034343A1 (de) 2009-07-23 2011-02-03 Reinhold Johannes Gorzellik Antriebsmaschine mit elektrischer, magnetischer und mechanischer Energie als Input
WO2011101501A2 (fr) 2009-11-11 2011-08-25 Abrahan Conde Mendez Multigénérateur d'énergie électrique
CN102648568A (zh) * 2009-11-11 2012-08-22 亚伯拉罕·康德门德斯 电能发电机组
WO2012093951A3 (fr) * 2011-01-03 2012-12-27 Tudor-Frunza Florin-Eugen Générateur électrique polyphasé à reluctance commutée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1163292A (en) 1992-08-27
CA2034163A1 (fr) 1992-07-16

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