Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
  • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
  • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
  • E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts

Definitions

• This particular invention is a poured building element, preferably of concrete and refers to a new design of webwire to be used in supporting beams plus a new type of poured supporting beam, the beam web consisting of wire or rod or band type material and bent in a zigzag or a zigzag-like manner.
• the intention of the invention is to cut production costs of the above mentioned element and, furthermore, to open possibilities for construction of an element with a longer span, giving ad ⁇ vantages such as: convenience of installation, possibility for warm air distribution - with the additional advantage of saving energy costs through warm floors, the lowering of inside tem- peratures and etablishing favorable conditions for heating pump operations.
• Prefabrication of building elements is mainly done for eco- nomical and practical reasons at the factory. From the factory the prefabricated elements are transported to the building site. In order to facilitate handling of the joists at installation, the building elements are preferably transported horizontally, stacked on top of one another.
• Supporting beams constructed with bent webwire are sensitive to these horizontal pressures parallel to the element.
• An example of presently used technique is the so called Filigran element, where the flange of the beam is made from reinforcing rods.
• the element is equipped with two plane bent webwires, fastened in the flange rod, in pairs at an angle to one another.
• the Filigran element is used as a base when pouring a heavy concrete slab. Adequate adhesion between the webwires of the building element and flange or slab is also desirable.
• the newly poured slab is especially sensitive when it is lifted from its mould. Due to the construction of the element, this lift must be done in the beams, specifically inside the the in the flange.
• the bendings of the webwire in the slab are especially sensitive for stress and because of this is anchored by a rod threaded through the bendings. This is directed crosswise through the supporting direction of the building element and does not conribute to take up the stress.
• an upward arch of the element is also desirable to obtain an upward arch of the element during production in order to compensate for downward deflections brought about by the actual weight of the element and load.
• the advantage in using an upward arch is that the dimensions of the element can be dic ⁇ tated by strength, instead of considering deflection.
• An upward arch is desirable when the topside of the element is used as a floor, especially at the walls where cupboards lean outward from the wall when the element is downward deflext by weight.
• the underside of the element, building the ceiling can be allowed to lean. When used as a bottom joist the shape of the underside does not matter. If the element is turned so that the slab is down and the supporting beam is up, it is sufficient to bend the supporting beam to obtain an upward arch.
• the supporting beam is given such a shape at production that it will become straight when subject to load.
• the wall element is turned with the slab facing out and the supporting beam inside, it is sufficient for the supporting beam to be curved into an upward arch.
• Flat pouring moulds can be used if it is possible to curve the flange for an upward arch wit ⁇ hout needing to take the slab into consideration, which can be a considerable economical ad- vantage.
• the web of the supporting beam and flange can be curved, but if the supporting beam has a constant height the bendings will be poured in at differing depths into the slab.
• the bendings of the webwire must also be poured into the slab at a specific minimum depth in order to obtain the necessary durability.
• the flanges As an attachment element for the board cladding.
• An example of this is in the division of apartment rooms.
• the joist is used only as support for the floorboard that rests on a muffling material on top of the flanges.
• the flanges of the supporting beam can be made of hard, possibly poured material - con- crete, possibly reinforced.
• One of the purposes for this invention is to give the building element the strength necessary to withstand the forces parallel to the slab that occur during transportation.
• a solution to plane parallel elements is to equip the supporting beams with several webs. For example, two pieces in plane zigzagged bent webs. These webs are placed at an angle to each other as seen in cross section, and fastened to the flange. Different from other constructions, the bendings of the web need not be placed next to each other, but can be aligned along the flange of the beam and fastened separately, resulting in greater strength.
• the flange of the beam has or is given the necessary strength to take up the bending and eventual turning forces in line with the slab that can be encountered during attachment.
• the extra forces that may arise in the flange are very small compared to the forces that arise with normal load. If necessary, the cross section of the flange measurement can be redis ⁇ tributed without being required to enlarge the area.
• Another purpose of this invention is to give the bendings of the supporting beams that are to be poured into some substance, such a construction that, when anchoring wires are to be used, when being lifted, can distribute the pressure and direct it along the length of the supporting beams and thereby taking up the forces of the load-bearing capacity of the element as well.
• Another purpose of this invention is to give the supporting beams an upward arch while con ⁇ structing the building element, without sacrificing the fastening strength of the bendings. That is, maintaining the pouring depth, covering layer, etc. without being required to make the slab thicker than the plane parallel element.
• the web formation described above can be accomplished by twisting the bending plane and then bending the webwires so that the angle between them gradually changes.
• the flange is automatically curved and an upward arch is develo ⁇ ped in the same way as the slab is poured.
• Still another purpose of this invention is to produce the flange of the supporting beam ratio ⁇ nally and economically. Also the production of the webwire becomes rational, economical and space saving while stored.
• Anchorage between the webwire, longitudinal reinforcement and the poured material is good. This can be accomplished by another pattern when bending the webwire.
• the material that can be used is a straight drawn rod or wire wound with a large diameter, being sure that the straight line of the webwire, that functions as diagonals in the lattice, as the webwire is not allowed to be crooked.
• the webwire is wound in a spiral around a piece of sheet metal with rounded corners, or two round parallel bars.
• the webwires can be stored and transported conveniently.
• the wires are then drawn out in the longitudinal direction of the spiral at the time of pouring at the factory. This then builds the diagonals in the lattice between flange and slab.
• the spiral shaped webwires are drawn out in a zigzagged manner around long rods before the bendings are pinched together to form loops.
• the long rods can build lengthwise reinforce- ment in the poured flanges.
• the the loops of the webwire provide good anchorage between the webwire, reinforcement and the molded material in the flanges.
• Reinforcement rods can also be attached outside the spirals through welding.
• the twisted forces that arise in the flanges described above can be relieved in the following manner:
• the web is formed of two spiral twined wires. One twisted to the right and the other twisted to the left. Compare left- and right-handed threads.
• the wires are drawn out, positioned in a suitable angle to each other, slightly displaced in the longitudinal direction so that they match each other when threaded together, similar to when clasping the hands with straight fingers.
• One or more longitudinal rods are thread through the bendings in order to fix the webwires in each other. These rods also function as longitudinal reinforcement.
• the flanges are poured into the web with the fixed webwires that are in turn poured into the building element.
• the webwires take on the same function as diagonals in the lattice of the building element. Every other wire will be drawn and every other wire will be compressed. Upon inspection of a cross section, one can observe that the compressed diagonals are placed on one side, while the drawn diagonals are placed on the opposite side. This- gives a twisted effect on the flanges. When producing a two-flanged beam, this phenomenon results in a serious weakening of strength. This is where one of the most important advantages of this invention can be shown. If the supporting beams are supplied with double webs, counter- respective clockwise wound, produced according to the above described rational methods and fastened in a twiststiff flange, then both twisting moments take out each other.
• the above solution has also the following advantages: -The span of the joist element can be lengthened by using poured reinforced material with great strength and stiffness, for example reinforced concrete.
• the pouring mould When pouring the flanges for an upward arch in the building element, the pouring mould is given a suitable form, for example circle shaped, and the bendings of the webwire that shall later be poured into the slab are fixed to a flat fixture so that right angles exist between the web- wires.
• the longitudinal reinforced iron, or rod, and the webwires do not need to be fastened by welding or any other joining method, since the the webwire encloses the longitudinal reinfor- 10 cing iron and the poured material in the flange serving the purpose of the joining material.
• the flange can be equipped with a continuous ringformed rod or wire, pos ⁇ sibly wound in a spiral.
• the spiral can be wound very tightly and still leave space for the the webwires because of their twisted, bent shape.
• the poured material in the flange can also be fiber reinforced.
• Webwires and longitudinal rods can be attached to one another by welding, where the longitudinal rods can be placed in or outside of the bendings of the webwire.
• the bendings can also be equipped with double loops to give better anchorage and to ease the extraction of the wire since deformation will not be great. 20
• Other bending patterns, according to this invention, that achieve the same affect are descri ⁇ bed under the heading: Description of Performance Examples.
• a construction using a bending pattern called a "continuous eight”, is also described, that, as seen in a cross-cut section of the flange, builds a lattice with two "parallel” rods and with “diagonals” in two directions, one leaning to the right and one leaning to the left. See Figure 25 21.
• This construction is, also in the single wire execution, assembled perpendicular to the slab, especially suitable to take up the forces parallel to the slab in all directions during transport.
• Fig 1 shows a plane view of webwire 10 execution to an element, according to this invention, during production.
• Fig 2 shows the webwire 10 in perspective to an element, according to this invention, during 35 production.
• Fig 3 shows a perspective sketch of an element with supporting beams and flat webwire 10.
• Fig 4 shows a perspective sketch of an element with supporting beams and angled webwire 10.
• Fig 5 shows a plane view of the webwire 10 execution with a flange.
• Fig 6 shows a plane view of another execution of bendings 23 on the webwire with a flange.
• Fig 7 shows a view of a web 11 consisting of a wire wound in a counter clockwise spiral.
• Fig 8 shows a view of a web wound according to Fig 7 after being drawn out longitudinally.
• Fig 9 shows a cross section of a web to a building element consisting of a clockwise wound single wire with various bendings.
• Fig 10 shows a longitudinal section of the web to a building element according to fig 7.
• Fig 11 shows a completed poured building element with single webwire in various executions, according to this invention, in cross section
• Fig 12 shows a completed poured building element with a single angled webwire and outside welded longitudinal rods as seen in cross section.
• Fig 13 shows a cross section of a building element with a web consisting of wound double wires and the bendings formed to loops.
• Fig 14 shows a laid out view of the web to a building element according to Fig 16.
• Fig 15 shows a perspective drawing of rods and reinforcements that are used in the supporting construction in a completely poured element according to Fig 16.
• Fig 16 shows a finished poured building element with several webwires at an angle to each other, according to this invention, as seen in cross section.
• Fig 17 shows a webwire 14 bent in an eight formation, as seen in cross section.
• Fig 18 shows a webwire 14 bent in an eight formation, as seen in view.
• Fig 19 shows a webwire 13 wound in a clockwise plane spiral and folded, as seen in perspec ⁇ tive.
• Fig 20 shows a webwire 15 bent in an eight and folded, as seen in perspective.
• Fig 21 shows a webwire 16 bent in a continuous half eight, as seen in cross section.
• Fig22 shows a webwire 16 bent in a continuous half eight, as seen in view.
• Figure 3 shows the design of a building element according to this invention.
• a beam web element (10) is plane bent in a zigzagged fashion, see Fig 1. The bendings are bent in angles
• Bendings (23), (24) and (25) are positioned in a plane so that a rod (5) in bendings (24) and (25) can anchor the beam web element (10) and take up the forces in the slab of the building ele ⁇ ment (1). See Fig 3.
• the beam web element (10) can also be produced so that bendings (13) are aligned with the flange (2), while bendings (24) and (25) are drawn in different directions, every other bending
• FIG. 4 also illustrates another design of the webwire according to this invention.
• This design can be achieved in the following manner: The webwire (10) is plane bent in a zig ⁇ zagged fashion.
• One side of the bendings (23) is held stationary while the bendings of the other side (23) are drawn in different directions, every other one to the left and every other one to the right as seen in the longitudinal direction of the web (10). Those bendings that become twisted and are positioned in the intersectional line of the plane, are attached in the flange (11). The plane bent bendings are poured into the slab (1). If one side of the bendings are held stationary so that they cannot twist, while the bendings of the other side are drawn in different directions as described above, those bendings that shall be anchored in the flange come in line, which is one advantage of this design.
• the beam web elements (11 and/or 12) see Fig 10 and 11, can also be made of a wire that is formed to a densely flattened, either counter clockwise wound (11) or clockwise wound (12) he ⁇ lical winding, then drawn, possibly also further flattened. See Figure 7, 8, 9 and 11.
• a beam web element (13) formation (11 or 12) can be produced, see Figure 19, with a distance between the opposite sides of the bendings (24 and 25) that are approximately twice as long as the completed beam web element (13) and that the beam web element is then fol ⁇ ded in the middle and then flattened, with the bendings (21) being formed across from one anot- her and the web (13) receiving the appropriate height for the building element, where the ben ⁇ dings (21) and bendings (24) build one plane, and respectively bendings (21) and bendings (25) build another plane. These can, as seen in the cross section of the flange, build an angle betwe ⁇ en themselves.
• a beam web assembly (14) see Figure 17 and 18, can be formed of a wire wound in figure eights, densely flattened and then drawn out in a zigzagged shape, with bendings that become twisted, possibly also further flattened.
• a beam web assembly can be produced of one or more beam web elements (14) that, as seen in the cross section of the flange can build an angle between itself to also take up forces in the cross direction of the flange (3) without twisting it.
• These can, as seen in the cross section of the flange, build an angle between themselves to also take up forces in the cross direction of the flange (3) without twisting it.
• a beam web element (16), see Figure 21 and 22, can be formed from a wire wound around two centers in alternately a half-clockwise turn, a half-eight, a half-counter clockwise, a half- eight, a half-clockwise turn and so on. It is then densely flattened and drawn out in a zigzag ⁇ ged shape , with bendings that become twisted, possibly also further flattened.
• This construction builds a lattice, as seen in the cross direction of the flange, with two "parallel” rods and with “diagonals" in two directions, one leaning to the right and one leaning to the left. This construction is referred to in this application, under the heading The Purpose of the Invention and Most Important Function, as "running half-eight.”
• a beam web assembly can be produced of one or more beam web elements (16) that, see Figure 16 for the fundamental design, can build an angle between themselves, as seen in the cross direction of the flange.
• Manufacturing of the building element can be done in two steps.
• the supporting beams with webwire are produced first through mass production.
• Pouring of the slab of the element (1) can be done in flat or simple-bent moulds.
• the pouring substance is spread in the mould and furnished with the required reinforcement.
• the fixed supporting beam can be submerged or sunk down after pouring, vibrating the pouring substan ⁇ ce until the required adhesion is achieved.
• the flanges of the supporting beam (2 and 3) can be given a desired shape to achieve possible an upward arch by bending the beams appropriately.
• a mould By adjusting the angle of the webwire in cross direction, a mould can be achieved so that the bendings in the slab are situated at a predetermined level so that the required pouring depth, as seen from above, and for durability as well as a covering layer, as measured from below, and corrosion protection are achieved without making the slab (1) thicker.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (4)

• 1990
  • 1990-12-28 SE SE9004176A patent/SE9004176L/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1991
  • 1991-12-23 WO PCT/SE1991/000906 patent/WO1992012303A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1991-12-23 AU AU91176/91A patent/AU9117691A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-12-23 DE DE4193379T patent/DE4193379T1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-12-23 RU RU93047197A patent/RU2121046C1/ru active

Patent Citations (4)

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