WO1993011323A1

WO1993011323A1 - Wire and holder

Info

Publication number: WO1993011323A1
Application number: PCT/SE1992/000810
Authority: WO
Inventors: George Wegler
Original assignee: George Wegler
Priority date: 1991-12-02
Filing date: 1992-11-25
Publication date: 1993-06-10
Also published as: PL57533Y1; PL57276Y1; SE502301C2; AU3099792A; SE9103578L; PL302980A1; SE9103578D0

Abstract

This invention concerns a beam or beam element of stiffening beams to a slab, with flanges (1; 2), possibly with hole (3), equipped with one or more web members (10; 11, 12; 14; 16), where every one consists of a rod, wire, pipe or strip type material with a zigzag like shape, where the bends are primarily in line with, attached to the flange or moulded into hole (3) in the flange, where the hole (3), which could be worked in the flange, is equipped with grooves (4) in the walls. The invention also offers several designs for beam web elements with bends that are somewhat transverse to improve anchorage and to accommodate forces.

Description

Wire and holder

A new design of a beam web for a beam including attachment of a web member to a flange of a beam. The beam web member consists of rod, wire, pipe or strip type material and bent into a zigzag like fashion. The background of the Invention

This invention is an extension of patents SE 466 860 and SE 466 861, the first patent in¬ volving a building element consisting of a slab with stiffening beams incorporating a web member and flange, several similiar to those described in the claims of this patent applica¬ tion, and the latter involving the configuration of attachment holes for the beam web, this is also described in the claims.

In a beam or beam element or slab with a stiffening beam, with flanges and web members that form diagonal braces in a lattice girder in a zigzag configuration, the diagonal braces will be alternatively tensioned and compressed when subjected to load. Present day techno¬ logy exclusively utilizes plane bent web members. The attachment points in the flange are subjected to a twisting effect, as seen from the side.

Today, the bends of the web member are attached by means of a cast compound, moulded into oblong holes carved out in the longitudinal direction of the flange. The hole is machi¬ ned with a milling machine, which accounts for a cylindrical oblong form, with smooth sides, the size of the hole corresponding to the diameter of a rotating cutter. Following are examples of registered technique within this area:

SE B 449 887 shows a beam where the load capacity of the flanges has been increased by a, in a lengthwise stretched track, forming a part of a flange, cast material moulded with the flange. The wire element is attached at or near the bending point. The hole, in this case, pas¬ ses all the way through. FRAl 2 568 613 shows a beam where the load capacity of the flanges has been increased with a longitudinal rod incorporated in the flange, attached to a zigzag bent web member in¬ corporated in a elongated lengthwise track in the flange, accounting for better adhesion and cooperation. The purpose of the track shown in Fig 6 is to provide room for the longitudinal rod of the flange that, in this design, is situated beside the zigzag bent web member. The track is made before assembling the flange, consisting of two parts. This track is also elongated.

US A 3 857 218 shows a through hole which is illustrated in Fig 4. In addition, an entirely different concept in the fixation of the webrods is presented, including several details that have nothing in common with our application. WO Al 88 / 03209 and 03210 Fig 7 and 8 shows a flange with a hollowed out bottom. It's purpose, as in our invention, is to anchor the bends of the web member in the flange. A crucial difference in this invention is that the track is missing entirely. Several essential differences exist between the application object and this invention. The track, in our invention, has a limited extension in the hole that is neither elongated or through and that is worked in the flange in order to provide room for the embedded bends of the web and to provide better anchorage between the casting compound and the flange. The hole and track can further be worked directly in the flange, consisting of only one piece. This can be achieved in the same working moment with a single tool, not requiring slanting of the tool or flange. The shape of the web member in its simplest form is widely known through the Swedish patent 56 448. This form has only been used as stirrups and ties embedded in concrete struc¬ tures and not as a separate beam web in a lattice-type beam. The purpose of the invention and most important characteristics

The purpose of this invention is to improve the attachment between the cast material and the flange and, with that, even the attachment of the web member that is especially affected by the twisting actions in the embedded bends, due to the direction of the force of the web member, one compressed and the other tensioned, that attempt to twist apart the attach¬ ment between the flange and the casting compound.

Another problem arises when heavy objects are hung onto the flanges or when a re-insu- lated type of pipe coil, such as feeder and return pipes used in heating systems, is fed through the flanges. The flanges are loaded outwardly, trabsverse to their longitudinal direction. At 0 those points in the beam where the shear forces are small, and, if no adequate anchorage is provided, not much force is required to pull the casting compound from its attachment points.

This problem has been solved in the following two ways:

1/ Partly by equipping the walls of the milled hole with a track, especially the adjacent sides and the openings of the groove.

Compared with the above mentioned patent WO Al 88/03209 and 03210 Fig 7 and 8 il¬ lustrating a flange hollowed out at the bottom, our invention with tracks has the following advantages: - less consumption of casting compound.

- fewer working operations. No slanting tools or flanges are required. - shorter operation time.

- less worked area in the flange as seen in cross direction, resulting in improved load- bearing capacity.

- fixation of the web member at the time of production with design of the hole adapted to the web member, resulting in greater precision. - less wedge action due to the fact that the casting compound forms corrugations in the tracks that impede movement against the flange.

2/ Partly by bending the web member somewhat transverse at the point of attachment.

This is achieved by a new type of geometry used in the bends of the rods, thus distributing the forces on the attachment points in a new manner and in more than one plane. The an- chorage between the web member and the casting compound is also improved.

The manufacture of the web member becomes rational, economical and space saving while stored, and shipped-

Suitable material to be used is a straight drawn rod or a wire wound into a large diameter coil, making sure that the straight parts of the web member, that function as diagonal bra- ces in the lattice, are not allowed to be curved.

In the manufacturing process the web member is wound into a spiral around a piece of sheet metal with rounded corners, or two round parallel bars so that a helicoid is obtained.

In the latter case the entire web can be flattend so that the bends are pressed together into loops around the bars. In connection with casting at the factory the coiled webs are then pulled apart in the lon¬ gitudinal direction, thus creating the intended zigzag pattern forming the diagonal braces in the lattice.

By pulling each end of the web member in opposite directions the force is equally distri¬ buted along the entire web member, the greatest stresses occuring at the bends. The web member is bent and twisted only at these points. The straight line of diagonals remains straight and a symmetric shape with equal spacing between the bends will be developed au¬ tomatically. A transverse part is developed at the bends. When a beam is subjected to loads, every other diagonal will be tensioned or compressed, or vice versa. Upon inspection of a cross section, one observes that the compressed diago¬ nals are placed on one side, while the tensioned diagonals are placed on the opposite side. This gives a torsional effect on the flanges. When producing a two-flanged beam, without la- teral support, this phenomenon results in a serious weakening of strength.

In order to obtain such a shape that these diagonals end up in the same plane and still maintain the above mentioned loops, the following solutions are suggested:

The spiral coiled web member is pulled apart into a zigzag shape around long rods before the bends are pinched together in transverse positioned loops. These loops provide good an- chorage between the web member and the casting compound in the flange.

The torsional forces that arise in the flanges described above can be reduced in the fol¬ lowing manner:

The web is formed of two coils, one wound to the right and the other wound to the left, si- miliar to left-handed and right-handed threads. The webs are pulled apart, positioned at a suitable angle to each other, slightly displaced in the longitudinal direction so that they match each other when joined together, similar to when clasping the hands with straight fingers.

These webs can then be cast into the flanges. It should be sufficient to provide the beam with double web members at the ends of the beam where shearforces are most prevalent, which also reduces shear deformation. The web members give an alternative clockwise and counter-clockwise torsional moment on the flange which eliminate each other.

Another alternative in eliminating the effects of torsional forces described above is to utilize the slabs between the beams where the beams are incorporated in the element, by simply using the beams in pairs In the element so that the two torsional moments elimina- te each other.

The bends can also be equipped with double loops to improve anchorage and to ease the pulling apart of the web, since deformation will be slighter.

Other bending patterns for web members, that achieve the same effect are described under the heading: Description of performance examples. A design using a bending pattern called a "continuous eight" is also described, that, as seen in a cross-cut section of the flange, forms a lattice with two "parallel" rods and with "diagonal braces" in two directions, one leaning to the right and one leaning to the left. See Fig 14. It should be emphasized that slanting web members pose no hindrance when placing in- sulating materials, since today loose fill insulation of various materials is predominant in both walls and floors. The insulation can be blown or sprayed on site. Description of drawings

Fig 1 shows a flange with hole and tracks 4 at the ends of the hole. Fig 2 shows a flange with hole and track.

Fig 3 shows a flange with hole without track with a plane bent 23 web member. Fig 4 shows a longitudinal view of a beam flange with a transverse bent 24 web member 11, embedded In casting compound. Fig 5 shows a cross section of a beam flange with a web member 11 wound into a helicoid and embedded in casting compound. Fig 6 shows a cross section of a beam flange with poured in flattened web member 11 em- bedded in casting compound.

Fig 7 shows a view of a web member 11 consisting of a rod wound into a counter clockwise flat helicoid. Fig 8 shows a view of a web member 11 wound according to Fig 7 after being pulled apart longitudinally. Fig 9 shows a cross section of a web member to a beam consisting of a clockwise wound single rod with bends of various design. Fig 10 shows an elevation of a web member to a beam according to Fig 7. Fig 11A shows a beam with a flange with hole and a pre-cast flange with- a single web mem¬ ber 11 in flat spiral according to this invention, in cross section. Fig 11B shows a beam with flanges with holes with a single web member 11 in flat spiral, flattened so that loops are formed at the bends. Fig 11C shows a beam with single web member 11 in flat spiral, further flattened so that loops are formed at the bends. Fig 12 shows a web member 14 bent in a figure eight configuration, as seen in cross section. Fig 13 shows a web member 14 bent in a figure eight configuration as seen in view.

Fig 14 shows a web member 16 bent in a continuous half eight configuration, as seen in cross section. Fig 15 shows a web member 16 bent in a continuous half eight configuration attached to a flange 1 and embedded into a flange 2 or a slab, as seen in view. Fig 16 shows a plane view of a beam web element 10, according to this invention, during production. Fig 17 shows in perspective folding of a beam web element 10, during production. Fig 18 shows in perspective a beam with a beam web element 10 with flat bends 23 and transverse bends 24 och 25. Fig 19 shows a beam as seen in cross section with flanges provided with hole and a beam web assembly 11, 12. Fig 20 shows a beam as seen in cross section with beamweb 11 and with pre-cast flanges 1 and 2.

Description of performance examples

A hole (3) and a groove (4) in flange (1 : 2) consisting of, for example; wood, fiberlike sub¬ stance or composite, can be shaped by equipping the rotating cutter with various cutting edges, resulting in a circle-, wave-, triangle-, or parallel trapezoid form. The rotating cutter can be inserted into the flange in the middle of the hole (3), where the turning center is situa¬ ted, and then at first fed one way alongside the flange to the groove's first end, and then to- the other end of the groove, thereafter back to the starting position and then drawn out again in the original hole. See Fig 1.

If grooves with varying lengths at differing insertion depths are desired in order to obtain better adaptability to a web member (10 ; 11; 12; 14; 16) and in order to save on casting com¬ pound, the above operation is repeated until the appropriate geometry has been obtained. For this simple procedure an uncomplicated milling machine can be used. Another method takes advantage of centrifugal force. See Fig 2. The insertion hole is drilled with a rotating cutter that is principally shaped like a drill, starting at slow revolu¬ tion. Thereafter, the revolutions are increased so that one or more cutter edges are thrown out by centrifugal force. When the bit is run at low speed the cutter edges are secured by one or more springs to prevent the cutter edges from being thrown out prematurely. When fol- lowing the above described procedure, the rotating cutter depicts a feeding movement at low speed, a longitudinal movement at high speed and a discharge movement at low speed, which together makes for a speedier process.

A rotating cutter of a small diameter, formed to cut a specific groove, can depict turning oscillating movements at different levels with an NS-machine that can give the above de- scribed effect. Figure 7 shows a design of a beam web element according to this invention. The beam web assembly (11 ; 12) see Fig 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, can be made of a rod, wire, pipe or strip type material that is, possibly closely, formed to a flat counter-clockwise (11), see Fig 11A, or clockwise wound (12) helicoid, possibly also flattened, see Fig 11B, then pulled apart, possibly also even further flattened, see Fig 11C so that loops are formed at the bends. A beam web element (14), see Fig 12 and 13, can be formed of a rod closely wound to figure eight configurations, then pulled apart into a zigzag shape, with bends that become somew¬ hat transverse, possibly even further flattened.

A beam web element (16), see Fig 14 and 15, can be formed from a rod wound around two centers in alternately a one-half-clockwise turn, a half-eight, a one-half-counter clockwise, a half-eight, a half-clockwise turn and so on. It is then densely flattened and pulled apart into a zigzag shape with somewhat transverse bends, possibly also further flattened. This design forms a lattice, as seen in the cross direction of the flange, with two "parallel" rods and with "diagonal braces" in two directions, one leaning to the right and one leaning to the left. This design is referred to in this application under the heading: The purpose of the inven¬ tion and most important characteristics, as a "running half-eight".

A common factor in all of the above described bends of the web members is that the web members are given an alternative clockwise and counter-clockwise torsional moment on the flange which eliminate each other. Figure 18 shows a design of a web member element according to this invention. A beam web element (10) is flat bent in a zigzag shape, according to Fig 16, corresponding to the ang¬ les of the bends (23) as well as those of the completed beam web element (10), but with a spa¬ cing between bends (23) of the opposite sides that is twice the height of the completed beam web element (10) and then folded in the middle, according to Fig 17 so that bends (24 and 25) are formed across from one another and the web attains the appropriate height for the beam, according to Fig 18.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A beam or beam element or stiffening beam to a slab, with flanges ( 1 ; 2) , possibly provi¬ ded with holes (3), that are held at a distance from and in connection with each other by a beam web assembly, where each beam web assembly contains one or more beam web ele- ments (10 ; 11,12 ; 14 ; 16) that each consists of a rod, wire, pipe or strip type material that is bent to such a shape that, it seen in the longitudinal view of the flange (1 ; 2), forms princi¬ pally a zigzag like pattern, where every beam web element has straight sections between bent sections, the bends principally in line with the flanges (1 ; 2) characterized by the beam web assembly attached to, or embedded into, the flanges [1 ; 2) or are embedded into a hole (3) by means of a casting compound and the bent sections forming an upper row attached to the flange (1) and one or more lower rows attached to the other flange (2), where of the bent sections in the upper or the lower rows at least one row is bent in a bending plane that is at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the flange and is made in one-half or one- and-a-half loops (9) so that the bent part of the web member is somewhat transverse at the connection to the flange (1 ; 2).

2. Beam with beam web assembly according to claim 1, characterized by one or more beam web elements (11 ; 12) where each element is formed to a flat counter¬ clockwise wound (11) or clockwise wound (12) helicoid.

3. Beam with a beam web assembly according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterized by a beam web element beeing closely wound, possibly further flattened, and then pulled apart, possibly also further flattened so that loops are formed at the bends (24 ; 25).

4. Beam with a beam web element according to either of claims 1 and 3, characterize d by a beam web element (14) shaped to a figure eight configuration, to a zigzag shape with some¬ what transverse bends.

5. Beam with a beam web element according to either of the claims 1 and 3, characterized by a beam web element (16), that can be formed around two centers in alternately a one-half or whole clockwise turn, a half-eight, a one-half or whole counter-clockwise turn, half-eight a half or whole turn and so on to a zigzag shape, with somewhat transverse bends.

6. Beam with a beam web element according to either of the claims 1 and 3, characterized by a beam web element (10) that is flat bent in a zigzag shape corresponding to the angles of the bends (23) as well as those of the completed beam web element (10), but with a spacing between the bends (23) of the opposite sides that is approximately twice the height of the completed beam web element (10) and then folded in the middle so that bends (24, 25) are formed across from one another and the web (10) attains the appropriate height.

7. Beam with a flange (1 ; 2) with hole (3) according to claim 1 with a beam web embedded into the flange with flat bends (23) or with the beam web element according to either of the above claims, with bends primarily in line with and embedded into the hole (3) in the flange (1 ; 2) by means of a casting compound, c h a ra c t e riz e d by the maskined holes (3) in the flange (1 ; 2) are only open towards the beam web, where the walls of the hole, at a distance from this side are milled with track (4), the basic shape of the hole which could be accomplished by an elongated cylindrical cutting tool, inserted into the flange in the longitudinal direction of the cutting tool, then fed, one or more times, in the longitudinal direction of the flange, possibly at several different levels, with a depth and length as large as, or somewhat larger than, the area that is required by the bends of the beam web.

8. Beam with a flange with hole according to claim 7, c h ara ct e riz e d by the tracks (4) in the walls are machined in one or more levels as seen from the worked side in the longitudinal direction of the flange (1 ; 2).

9. Beam with a flange with hole according to claims 7 or 8, c h a ra c t e riz e d by the track (4) principally situated at the ends of every hole (3), as seen in the longitudinal direction of the flange.