WO2004070131A1 - An arrangement of truss cords - Google Patents

An arrangement of truss cords Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004070131A1
WO2004070131A1 PCT/SE2004/000167 SE2004000167W WO2004070131A1 WO 2004070131 A1 WO2004070131 A1 WO 2004070131A1 SE 2004000167 W SE2004000167 W SE 2004000167W WO 2004070131 A1 WO2004070131 A1 WO 2004070131A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
truss
chord
web
bent
rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2004/000167
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
George Wegler
Original Assignee
George Wegler
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by George Wegler filed Critical George Wegler
Priority to EP04709396A priority Critical patent/EP1592854A1/en
Priority to US10/542,818 priority patent/US20060185310A1/en
Priority to CA2555796A priority patent/CA2555796C/en
Publication of WO2004070131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004070131A1/en
Priority to NO20054188A priority patent/NO20054188L/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/065Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an arrangement of the kind that is specified in the preamble of the patent claim 1.
  • the invention is a further development of the Swedish patent SE 502302 E04C 3/293 PCT SE 94/00700 An arrangement at a beam or a building element, particularly the truss web members which are illustrated in the figures 21 A-B and 22 A-D.
  • the invention according to this patent makes it possible to cast the cords in strengthening truss beams in a building element at the same time as one casts the element slab, to deal with the heavy handling needed by precast beams and to speed up the process . This has been demonstrated to function well.
  • flanks of the web rods are no longer straight. These flanks form the uncovered part of the truss, tensioned and compressed.
  • a curved rod has an injurious effect of the durability and strength of the construction, especially on the compressed truss rods.
  • the web rods today consist exclusively of so-called ribbed reinforcement steel. Upon the lamination of these rods, there always occurs a longitudinal bead on the outside, which bead lands up in different axial positions inside the automatic bending machine .
  • the purpose of the invention is to obtain for the web rods as many of the above-mentioned good qualities as possible, but without the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the purpose of the invention is to obtain satisfactory joining between a web rod and a cast chord or a slab. This will make the strengthening beam extraordinarily strong and light, with little material consumption and can now be manufactured at a much lower cost.
  • the main problem is the twists that occur in the cast-in bent part of the web rod. This twisting occurs in each bending, being caused by the force directions of the web rods; the first force compressed and the other tensioned, which act to make the cord concrete to crack. Beams with plane bent webs simply don't function. The chords will crack at minimum of load.
  • the beam web assembly contains several truss web members consisting of a rod bent to a triangular shape or a triangle like shape, that each truss web member has hook- like bends in both ends, the bends being mirror images of each other, that the middle of said web member is straight and forms the base in said triangle shaped member, that said web member is bent, in the main symmetrical view, around the middle of said base part, the straight ends forming the side parts in said triangle shaped web member, that said end bends are oriented beside each other when seen in the chord longitudinal direction and wrapped over adjacent to each other so that said straight ends of said web members intersect each other in one of said triangle corners, and together with said end bends form a loop so that one, with the chord, longitudinal reinforcement rod can be threaded inside said loops, where said end bends are somewhat or entirely transverse to the chord longitudinal direction and that said bends are cast in inside the chord,
  • the design of trus web members consisting of a rod bent to a triangular shape or a triangle like shape
  • chord does not need to be made wider in order to cover these projecting ends.
  • the main thing is that they land up well inside the hanging moulds that shapes the chord.
  • the mould halves still can have a strait division in the joint between them, and can be joined tightly where the straight parts of the web ends cross each other.
  • the truss web is bent from a coiled rod.
  • the web rod passes through a straightening apparatus then bent by four turns, counting first from the rod end we make the first end hook, after that the first base bending, then the second base bending and at last the second end hook. After that the rod is cut and a truss web member is ready to be used.
  • Fig 3 A shows obviously that the two cast moulds halves used for shaping the chord (8) can still have a strait joint in the "X" which is formed by each web member's crossed shanks. Further we can see in Fig 3 B that the truss web members have not any right- or left side, and can be assembled as they drop after being manufactured. There is no trouble to get the end bends (2) and (2') close to each other.
  • chord (8) must of course be made somewhat higher to maintain the concrete cover, but the material consumption is moderate when the chord is so thin.
  • Fig 1 A, B, C and D shows a way to bend truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, to describe the geometry.
  • Fig 2 shows in perspective truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, assembled into a truss, joined to longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7'), ready to be cast inside a beam or a building element.
  • Fig 3 A and B shows, with two views, how a complete building element has been created with a slab (9) and a strengthening truss beam (15) .
  • the strengthening truss beam (15) consists of a chord (8) and a truss joined together by web members (1,4) and longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7').
  • Fig 4 shows in three views, a complete building element ready for delivery.
  • Fig 5 shows in principle an example of a non-acceptable web member (13) according to the previous technique, with spreading, nonparallel ends (12) .
  • Fig 6 shows, in perspective, an example of a desirable shape for a truss web assembly (13) according to the previous technique, with closely placed parallel end shanks (12) .
  • Fig 7 A and B shows in principle, with two views, an example of a desirable shape of a truss web assembly (13) according to previous technique. Description of example of performance
  • Fig 1 A, B, C and D shows a way to bend truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, and to describe the geometry of the truss .
  • a straight web rod (Fig 1 A) is furnished with end bends (2,2').
  • the ends are bent downwards approximately 180 degrees (Fig 1 B) .
  • the web rod is bent again symmetrically around the straight part in the centre of the rod with two side parts mirrored upwards about 110 degrees (Fig 1 C) until the hook-like ends of the web rod intersect each other (Fig 1 D) .
  • the web member now has a triangular shape, where the upper corner forms when the ends (1,4) overlap each other.
  • the end bends are arranged so that the two bends (2,2') together form a sufficiently sized loop, seen in the plane of the triangle, ready to accommodate a longitudinal reinforcement rod (6) and ready to be cast inside the chord (8) .
  • Fig 2 shows in perspective truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, assembled into a truss, joined to longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7'), ready to be cast inside a beam or a building element.
  • Fig 3 A and B shows, with two views, how a complete building element has been created with a slab (9) and a strengthening truss beam (15) .
  • the strengthening truss beam (15) consists of a chord (8) and a truss joined together by web members (1,4) and longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7').
  • the bends (2,2') of the beam web members (1,4) are cast inside the chord together with a longitudinal reinforcement rod (6) .
  • the web member's (1,4) base parts (5) are together with two longitudinal reinforcement rods (7,7') cast inside the element slab (9) .
  • Fig 4 shows in three views, a complete building element ready for delivery.
  • Fig 5 shows in principle an example of a non-acceptable web member (13) according to the previous technique, with spreading, nonparallel ends (12) .
  • Fig 6 shows, in perspective, an example of a desirable shape for a truss web assembly (13) according to the previous technique, with closely placed parallel end shanks (12) . That is hard to obtain in practice.
  • Fig 7 A and B A and B shows in principle, with two views, an example of a desirable shape of a truss web assembly (13) according to previous technique. Please observe that the base shanks (12) lie in a horizontal level (a necessity) although not quite close to each other, which is hard to meet in practice.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Abstract

A truss web (1,4) for strengthening truss beams (15) to a slab (9) in a building element with at least one cast chord (8). A beam web assembly (1,4), forming a truss web made from bent rods, placed diagonally, when seen in the longitudinal direction of the chord, fastened to the chord and the slab in the element. The truss web members (1,4) are made from rod portions bent into a triangle like shape and has end hooks (2,2') in both ends and are bent symmetrically around the straight middle part of each web member mirrored from each other, so that the straight ends of the web members intersect each other in one of the triangle corners. The ends being oriented adjacent to each other and wrapped over so the end hooks (2,2) form a loop in which reinforcement rods (6), longitudinal to the chord (8), can be threaded inside, and said end hooks are cast inside the chord (8).

Description

An arrangement of truss cords
The invention concerns an arrangement of the kind that is specified in the preamble of the patent claim 1.
Generally known about the invention using today's technology
The invention is a further development of the Swedish patent SE 502302 E04C 3/293 PCT SE 94/00700 An arrangement at a beam or a building element, particularly the truss web members which are illustrated in the figures 21 A-B and 22 A-D. The invention according to this patent makes it possible to cast the cords in strengthening truss beams in a building element at the same time as one casts the element slab, to deal with the heavy handling needed by precast beams and to speed up the process . This has been demonstrated to function well.
With the previous invention we have been successful in making building elements more quickly, and that are longer and stronger than usual without problems arising from deflection. The plumbing, electrical and other utilities can be installed inside the building element quite rapidly, also. Circulating indoor hot air gives soft warm floors at very low installation costs as well .
The problem On the other hand it has been impossible to manufacture truss webs according to the above-mentioned invention at moderate costs. With primitive manual bending arrangements the element has been made, in limited number, for laboratory tests and for the erection of some single family dwellings -- but as said before, at all too high a cost.
The problem in the manufacturing is that today there are no automatic bending machines that bend the truss webs with sufficient precision and in one single bending cycle. Efforts have been made to bend the webs by using just two bending cycles, but not even this has been able to be done with sufficient speed and precision. In addition, there is too much handling of the web parts. A normal single family dwelling contains over one thousand web parts, so each additional working moment results, overall, in a preposterous waste of time. The goal is to create a truss with longitudinal rods that keep the web members fixed, and at the same time will function as reinforcement when being cast inside said chords and slab. For practical reasons it is preferable to use a web member designed as in fig 22 C (in SE 502302 E04C 3/293 PCT SE
94/00700) , with a base part on which the web member can rest during the joining. (In the present patent application this is illustrated in fig 5) . Please look at the two views fig 7 A and 7 B in the present patent application. (This is illustrated in fig 21 A and 21 B in the previous patent) .
In fig 7 B the overlapping base shanks of the triangular web member must rest close to and touch each other, and must not be allowed to spread apart. They must also be situated at the same level so that the inclined web members inside the truss will not take up more height in the element slab. Otherwise, we would have to pour more concrete to make the element slab thicker to cover the reinforcement rods. Please observe that the web member cannot even be designed in mirror image. If it were to be so, the entire concrete slab must be made at least 10 mm thicker to obtain a sufficient concrete cover. This would cause a great number of inconveniences in unnecessary heaviness during transport, greater deflection, more material consumption, and so on.
Two big obstacles
Modern automatic bending machines are not designed to make bends at angles larger than 180 degrees. The loop, in the present application marked (14) , cannot for that reason be modelled in such a machine. Two steps in the production have therefore been necessary. First, a web rod is bent about 120 degrees in each end by using an automatic bending machine, to create a wide U. Next, a loop of about 220 degrees is bent in the centre of the web by using a bending-jig.
Here the next problem arises.
It is impossible to shape the base shanks to be close to each other as described above. The problem is due, ironically, to technical drawing reasons, visualised in fig 22 C in the above- mentioned patent (in this application fig 5) . As the web rods must meet in a cross at the loop, the base shanks land up at a level too far away from each other. If you force the shanks into proper position these shanks must be locked, for instance, by a weld.
Or, you can force them to change places by wrapping them over each other. But now the flanks of the web rods are no longer straight. These flanks form the uncovered part of the truss, tensioned and compressed. A curved rod has an injurious effect of the durability and strength of the construction, especially on the compressed truss rods.
Also another big problem occurs.
The web rods today consist exclusively of so-called ribbed reinforcement steel. Upon the lamination of these rods, there always occurs a longitudinal bead on the outside, which bead lands up in different axial positions inside the automatic bending machine .
This bead makes the web rod turn in different directions when bent again for the second bending, so that the shanks that form the base part are no longer parallel. This is showed in fig 5.
Alternative manufacturing
There remains the alternative of manufacturing web parts in pre- cut length and then bend the loop at the first bending instead of the second bending. But this takes too long when being done manually and bending machines are too expensive. This invention gives the solution to the above problems.
The purpose of the invention and its most important characteristics
The purpose of the invention is to obtain for the web rods as many of the above-mentioned good qualities as possible, but without the above-mentioned disadvantages.
That is, to allow a sufficiently rational and economically feasible manufacturing process, with as high an automation level as possible to reduce the unit cost. Concurrently, the purpose of the invention is to obtain satisfactory joining between a web rod and a cast chord or a slab. This will make the strengthening beam extraordinarily strong and light, with little material consumption and can now be manufactured at a much lower cost. As a comparison, consider the most common truss beams with continuous plane and V-bent cast-in web rods. The main problem is the twists that occur in the cast-in bent part of the web rod. This twisting occurs in each bending, being caused by the force directions of the web rods; the first force compressed and the other tensioned, which act to make the cord concrete to crack. Beams with plane bent webs simply don't function. The chords will crack at minimum of load.
The solution of the problem:
There is, additionally, in spite of all variants described in the afore-mentioned patent, especially in the figures 22 A-D, an essentially different way to bend webs that gives an almost equal effect.
The big difference in the new way (in this patent application) is to bend the web rod so that no bending is greater than 180 degrees and, therefore, we are allowed to use standard automated bending machines. Furthermore, the geometry of this new way is such that we can still use hanging moulds, as in the aforementioned patent, with a straight division between the mould halves, in order to cast in the chords at the same working moment as the slab is cast.
The problem has been solved by designing a web assembly according to patent claim 1 with the following characteristic qualifications . that the beam web assembly contains several truss web members consisting of a rod bent to a triangular shape or a triangle like shape, that each truss web member has hook- like bends in both ends, the bends being mirror images of each other, that the middle of said web member is straight and forms the base in said triangle shaped member, that said web member is bent, in the main symmetrical view, around the middle of said base part, the straight ends forming the side parts in said triangle shaped web member, that said end bends are oriented beside each other when seen in the chord longitudinal direction and wrapped over adjacent to each other so that said straight ends of said web members intersect each other in one of said triangle corners, and together with said end bends form a loop so that one, with the chord, longitudinal reinforcement rod can be threaded inside said loops, where said end bends are somewhat or entirely transverse to the chord longitudinal direction and that said bends are cast in inside the chord, Here is described the design of a web member by means of an imagined bending process. Fig 1 A - D.
Start with a straight web rod then bend both the ends. If we imagine the rod lying horizontally, the ends are bent downwards approximately 180 degrees. Then the web rod is bent again symmetrically around the straight part in the centre of the rod with two side parts mirrored upwards about 110 degrees until the ends of the web rod intersect each other. The web member now has a triangular shape, where the upper corner forms when the ends overlap each other. The end bends are arranged so that the two bends together form a sufficiently sized loop, seen in the plane of the triangle, ready to be cast inside the chord. The loop has no ideal shape, as the ends have just been bent 180 degrees. The outermost parts of the ends are situated outside the ideal loop. Firmness tests in full scale have shown that the chord does not need to be made wider in order to cover these projecting ends. The main thing is that they land up well inside the hanging moulds that shapes the chord. Further, the mould halves still can have a strait division in the joint between them, and can be joined tightly where the straight parts of the web ends cross each other.
In practice In practice, when you use an automatic bending machine, the truss web is bent from a coiled rod. The web rod passes through a straightening apparatus then bent by four turns, counting first from the rod end we make the first end hook, after that the first base bending, then the second base bending and at last the second end hook. After that the rod is cut and a truss web member is ready to be used.
The bending process is now considerably much faster than before because we have access to this new bending method of truss web manufacturing .
Further big advantages
Fig 3 A shows obviously that the two cast moulds halves used for shaping the chord (8) can still have a strait joint in the "X" which is formed by each web member's crossed shanks. Further we can see in Fig 3 B that the truss web members have not any right- or left side, and can be assembled as they drop after being manufactured. There is no trouble to get the end bends (2) and (2') close to each other.
The chord (8) must of course be made somewhat higher to maintain the concrete cover, but the material consumption is moderate when the chord is so thin.
A brief description of the drawings
, Fig 1 A, B, C and D shows a way to bend truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, to describe the geometry.
Fig 2 shows in perspective truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, assembled into a truss, joined to longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7'), ready to be cast inside a beam or a building element.
Fig 3 A and B shows, with two views, how a complete building element has been created with a slab (9) and a strengthening truss beam (15) . The strengthening truss beam (15) consists of a chord (8) and a truss joined together by web members (1,4) and longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7').
Fig 4 shows in three views, a complete building element ready for delivery.
Fig 5 shows in principle an example of a non-acceptable web member (13) according to the previous technique, with spreading, nonparallel ends (12) .
Fig 6 shows, in perspective, an example of a desirable shape for a truss web assembly (13) according to the previous technique, with closely placed parallel end shanks (12) .
Fig 7 A and B shows in principle, with two views, an example of a desirable shape of a truss web assembly (13) according to previous technique. Description of example of performance
Fig 1 A, B, C and D shows a way to bend truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, and to describe the geometry of the truss .
At the beginning, a straight web rod (Fig 1 A) is furnished with end bends (2,2'). The ends are bent downwards approximately 180 degrees (Fig 1 B) . Then the web rod is bent again symmetrically around the straight part in the centre of the rod with two side parts mirrored upwards about 110 degrees (Fig 1 C) until the hook-like ends of the web rod intersect each other (Fig 1 D) . The web member now has a triangular shape, where the upper corner forms when the ends (1,4) overlap each other. The end bends are arranged so that the two bends (2,2') together form a sufficiently sized loop, seen in the plane of the triangle, ready to accommodate a longitudinal reinforcement rod (6) and ready to be cast inside the chord (8) .
Fig 2 shows in perspective truss web members (1,4), according to the invention, assembled into a truss, joined to longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7'), ready to be cast inside a beam or a building element.
Fig 3 A and B shows, with two views, how a complete building element has been created with a slab (9) and a strengthening truss beam (15) . The strengthening truss beam (15) consists of a chord (8) and a truss joined together by web members (1,4) and longitudinal reinforcement rods (6,7,7').
The bends (2,2') of the beam web members (1,4) are cast inside the chord together with a longitudinal reinforcement rod (6) . The web member's (1,4) base parts (5) are together with two longitudinal reinforcement rods (7,7') cast inside the element slab (9) .
Fig 4 shows in three views, a complete building element ready for delivery.
Fig 5 shows in principle an example of a non-acceptable web member (13) according to the previous technique, with spreading, nonparallel ends (12) .
Fig 6 shows, in perspective, an example of a desirable shape for a truss web assembly (13) according to the previous technique, with closely placed parallel end shanks (12) . That is hard to obtain in practice. Fig 7 A and B A and B shows in principle, with two views, an example of a desirable shape of a truss web assembly (13) according to previous technique. Please observe that the base shanks (12) lie in a horizontal level (a necessity) although not quite close to each other, which is hard to meet in practice.
The bends of the above truss web can of course also be made in other ways. Even if in essential parts only a few of the design options of the present invention have been shown on drawings and described above, it should be understood that the invention is not restricted to these designs but are limited only to those indicated in the patent claims.

Claims

P a t e n t c l a i m s
1. An arrangement of truss beams as two chord beams with at least one cast chord (8) , and of building elements with a slab (9) with strengthening truss beams (15) with at least one cast chord (8) , in which the strengthening truss beams contain a beam web assembly (1,4) consisting of truss web members of a Orod, wire or strip iron material, which truss web members are bent and joined to such design that they, when seen in the longitudinal direction of the chord, form a zigzag or zigzag- like pattern or, as truss braces being placed diagonally in relation to the chord's (8) longitudinal direction, into zigzag or saw tooth shape, thus forming a truss web, fastened to the chords in a truss beam or to the chord and the slab in a building element, characterised in that the beam web assembly contains several truss web members consisting of a rod bent to a triangular shape or a triangle like shape (1,4), that each truss web member has hook-like bends (2,2') in both ends, the bends being mirror images of each other, that the middle part of said web member is straight and forms the base in said triangle shaped member, that said web member is bent, in the main symmetrical view, around the middle of said base part, the straight ends forming -the side parts in said triangle shaped web member, that said end bends (2,2') are oriented beside each other when seen in the chord (8) longitudinal direction and wrapped over adjacent to each other so that said straight ends of said web members intersect each other in one of said triangle corners, and together with said end bends (2,2') form a loop so that one with the chord (8) longitudinal reinforcement rod (6) can be threaded inside said loops (2;2'), where said end bends are somewhat or entirely transverse to the chord longitudinal direction and that said bends (2,2') are cast inside the chord (8),
2. An arrangement according to patent claim 1, characterised in that said truss web members (1,4) are bent in four steps, counting first from the rod end, bending (2), after that the first base bending (3) , then the second base bending (3') and at last the second end bending (2').
3. An arrangement according to patent claim 1 or 2 , characterised in that said truss web members are bent from a coiled rod, which passes through a straightening apparatus, then being bent and after that cut into completed portions after each truss web member is formed.
PCT/SE2004/000167 2003-02-10 2004-02-09 An arrangement of truss cords WO2004070131A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04709396A EP1592854A1 (en) 2003-02-10 2004-02-09 An arrangement of truss cords
US10/542,818 US20060185310A1 (en) 2003-02-10 2004-02-09 Arrangement of truss cords
CA2555796A CA2555796C (en) 2003-02-10 2004-02-09 An arrangement of truss cords
NO20054188A NO20054188L (en) 2003-02-10 2005-09-09 An arrangement of trade unions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0300332-4 2003-02-10
SE0300332A SE524781C2 (en) 2003-02-10 2003-02-10 Device at truss beams

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004070131A1 true WO2004070131A1 (en) 2004-08-19

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PCT/SE2004/000167 WO2004070131A1 (en) 2003-02-10 2004-02-09 An arrangement of truss cords

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US (1) US20060185310A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1592854A1 (en)
CN (1) CN100497862C (en)
CA (1) CA2555796C (en)
NO (1) NO20054188L (en)
PL (1) PL376646A1 (en)
SE (1) SE524781C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2004070131A1 (en)

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NO20054188D0 (en) 2005-09-09
CA2555796A1 (en) 2004-08-19
CN1748065A (en) 2006-03-15
CA2555796C (en) 2014-11-04
CN100497862C (en) 2009-06-10
EP1592854A1 (en) 2005-11-09
US20060185310A1 (en) 2006-08-24
NO20054188L (en) 2005-09-30
SE524781C2 (en) 2004-10-05
SE0300332D0 (en) 2003-02-10
SE0300332L (en) 2004-08-11

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