Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/126—Acylisethionates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/16—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from divalent or polyvalent alcohols

Definitions

• TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to cleansing bars based on synthetic surfactants and to processes of making them.
• Synthetic surfactant-based personal cleansing bars have attracted much interest recently because they tend to be milder to the skin than soap-based products. This mildness, however, comes with negatives to both the manufacturer and the consumer. The manufacturer experiences difficult processability due to the sticky nature of such products, as well as high raw material costs. The consumer experiences the negative performance prop- erties of smear, bar softness and consequently high wear rates.
• This invention relates to skin cleansing syndet bar compo ⁇ sitions which provide improved processability and still maintain consumer acceptable bar quality. Therefore, one object of this invention is to provide a composition which exhibits improved processability.
• This invention is an improved mild personal cleansing syndet bar comprising: at least about 18% by weight long chain alkyl sulfate having essentially saturated Ci5 ⁇ C22» preferably. C16-C18, alkyl chains, preferably cetearyl sulfate, combined with a selected plasticizer preferably selected from paraffin, fatty acids, and polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof.
• a selected plasticizer preferably selected from paraffin, fatty acids, and polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof.
• the matrix if not chosen correctly, can impede lather generation, cause poor bar feel, enhance wear rate beyond an acceptable level, and/or reduce product mildness.
• the actives must be chosen so as to provide acceptable levels of lathering without negatively impact ⁇ ing mildness, a common tradeoff in formulations.
• a syndet bar comprising: (1) from about 18% to about 55%, preferably from about 20% to about 45%, of Ci5-C22 > preferably Ci6 ⁇ Ci8, essentially saturated long alkyl (chain) sulfates; (2) from about 10% to about 50%, preferably from about 15% to about 40% plasticizer; (3) from about 10% to about 45%, preferably from about 15% to about 40%, high lathering, mild surfactants; (4) from 0% to about 20%, preferably from 5% to about 15%, sodium soap; and (5) from about 2% to about 10%, preferably from about 3% to about 8%, water.
• the long chain alkyl sulfates as defined herein, comprise said long chain alkyl chains at a level of at least about 90%, preferably about 93%, and more preferably about 97%.
• the long chain alkyl sulfates are derived from corresponding saturated straight chain alcohols.
• the preferred alkyl sulfate has a ratio of Ci6-Ci8 in the range of from about 100% C ⁇ 6 to about 100% Ci ⁇ by weight.
• a commercially available C16-C18 alkyl sulfate is SIPON* EC-Ill (formerly SIPEX* EC-Ill), sodium cetearyl sulfate, which is approximately 60% C ⁇ 6 and 36% Ci ⁇ - SIPON* EC-Ill is sold by Alcolac Company, Baltimore, MD 21226.
• Another source is Henkel Corp., Ambler, PA 19002.
• Henkel's sodium cetearyl sulfate, LANETTE E is an estimated 50-50% Ci6-Ci8 alkyl sulfate sold as an emulsifier.
• synthetic bar also “syndet bar,” as used herein mean that the bar has more synthetic surfactant than soap unless otherwise specified.
• AS syndet bar means a syndet bar containing alkyl sulfate surfactant.
• long chain means C15 and C22» and mixtures thereof.
• surfactant mildness can be measured by a skin barrier destruction test which is used to assess the irri- tancy potential of surfactants. In this test the milder the surfactant, the lesser the skin barrier is destroyed. Skin barrier destruction is measured by the relative amount of radio- labeled water ( H-H20) which passes from the test solution through the skin epidermis into the physiological buffer contained in the diffusate chamber. This test is described by T.J. Franz in the J. Invest. Dermatol.. 1975, 64, pp. 190-195; and in U.S. Pat. No.
• a preferred syndet bar comprises: about 20-45% of cetearyl sulfate; 5-15% soap; and about 1-35%, preferably about 5-30%, moisturizer; 10-50% plasticizers; and 2-10%, preferably 3-8%, water.
• the synthetic detergent surfactant system in the bars should contain the long chain alkyl sulfate.
• detergent surfactants can be used; particularly from about 10% to about 50%, preferably from about 15% to about 40%, of lather enhancing detergent co-surfactant, e.g., mild ones, e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, alkylglycerylether sulfonate, and sulfonated fatty acids.
• lather enhancing detergent co-surfactant e.g., mild ones, e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, alkylglycerylether sulfonate, and sulfonated fatty acids.
• alkyl sulfates include limited amounts of other alkyl sulfates, anionic acyl sarcosinates, methyl acyl taurates, N-acyl gluta ates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, trideceth sulfates, protein condensates, mixtures of ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and alkyl amine oxides, betaines, sultaines, and mixtures thereof.
• alkyl ether sulfates with 1 to 12 ethoxy groups, especially ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sul ⁇ fates.
• Alkyl chains for these other surfactants are Cs-C22 > preferably Cin-Cis.
• the acyl esters of isethionic acid salts, with esters of Ci ⁇ -Cis acyl isethionates and no more than 25% or lower Ci4 acyl groups are also useful.
• Preferred is stearoyl isethioniate with C143%; Ci ⁇ 50%; and Cis 47%.
• Alkyl glycosides and methyl glucose esters are preferred mild nonionics which may be mixed with other mild anionic or amphoteric surfactants in the compositions of this invention.
• the bars of this invention can have up to about 10% of shorter chain or traditional (coconut) alkyl sulfates and still maintain the mildness requirement of the bar.
• a second essential material of the present invention is a plastic binder, also referred to herein as a plasticizer.
• the syndet bar of this invention also comprises from about 10% to about 50%, preferably from about 15% to about 40%, plasticizer.
• the plasticizer can be chosen from a group, but not limited to, paraffin, fatty acid, fatty alcohols, polyethylene glycols.
• the above-mentioned nonionic surfactants e.g., tallow alcohol ethoxy- lates (TAE), e.g., TAEso* TAEs, etc.
• TAE tallow alcohol ethoxy- lates
• Other plasticizers (binders) are identified in the published literature such as J. Amer. Oil Che . Soc. 1982, 59, 442.
• the preferred cation in the AS salt is sodium. However, other cations such as triethanolammonium (TEA), ammonium, and K, etc., are also usable.
• cationic polymer includes naturally and synthetically derived cationic polymers.
• the abbreviation "CN” means coconut and “T” means tallow herein, unless otherwise specified. Al " [ “” percentages and proportions are by weight, unless otherwise specified.
• a preferred synbar contains a mixture of free fatty acid (or polyethylene glycol) and paraffin at a ratio of from 3:1 to 1:1.
• a preferred AS syndet bar also contains from about 10% to about 35% moisturizer, preferably one selected from glycerin and free fatty acid or mixtures thereof.
• the free fatty acid serves the purpose as moisturizing and plasticizer ingredient.
• the syndet bar of this invention may comprise 0% to about 5% of a suitably fast hydrating cationic polymer.
• the polymers have molecular weights of from about 1000 to about 3,000,000.
• the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of: (I) cationic polysaccharides; (II) cationic copolymers of saccharides and synthetic cationic monomers, and (III) synthetic polymers selected from the group consisting of:
• members of the cationic polysaccaride class include the cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose JR 400 made by Union Carbide Corporation; the cationic starches Stalok ® 100, 200, 300 and 400 made by Staley, Inc.; the cationic galactomannans based on guar gum of the Galactasol 800 series by Henkel, Inc. and the Jaguar Series by Celanese Corporation.
• Examples of members of the class of copolymers of saccharides and synthetic cationic monomers include those composed of cel ⁇ lulose derivatives (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose) and N,N-di- all l,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chloride available from National Starch Corporation under the trade name Celquat.
• cel ⁇ lulose derivatives e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose
• N,N-di- all l,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chloride available from National Starch Corporation under the trade name Celquat.
• the cationic synthetic polymers useful in the present in ⁇ vention are cationic polyalkylene imines, ethoxypolyalklene imines, and poly[N-[-3-(dimethylammonio)propyl]-N'-[3-(ethylene- oxyethylene dimethylammonio)propyl]urea dichloride] the latter of which is available from Miranol Chemical Company, Inc. under the trademark of Miranol A-15, CAS Reg. No. 68555-36-2.
• Preferred cationic polymeric skin conditioning agents of the present invention are those cationic polysaccharides of the cationic guar gum class with molecular weights of 1,000 to 3,000,000. More preferred molecular weights are from 2,500 to 350,000. These polymers have a polysaccharide backbone comprised of galacto annan units and a degree of cationic substitution ranging from about 0.04 per anhydroglucose unit to about 0.80 per anhydroglucose unit with the substituent cationic group being the adduct of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to the natural polysaccharide backbone. Examples are JAGUAR C-14-S, C-15 and C-17 sold by Celanese Corporation. In order to achieve the benefits described in this invention, the polymer must have characteristics, either structural or physical which allow it to be suitably and fully hydrated and subsequently well incorporated into the soap matrix.
• perfumes can be used in formu ⁇ lating the skin cleansing products, generally at a level of from about 0.1% to about 1.5% of the composition.
• Alcohols, hydro- tropes, colorants, and fillers such as talc, clay, calcium carbo ⁇ nate and dextrin can also be used.
• Cetearyl alcohol is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols.
• Preservatives e.g., sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), generally at a level of less than 1% of the composition, can be incorporated in the cleansing products to prevent color and odor degradation.
• Antibacterials can also be incorporated, usually at levels up to 1.5%.
• the following patents disclose or refer to such ingredients and formulations which can be used in the soap/synbars of this inven ⁇ tion, and are incorporated herein by reference:
• the syndet bars of this invention have a pH of from 4 to 9 in a 1% aqueous solution.
• the preferred pH is 5 to 8, more prefer- ably about 7.
• the rolling cylinder adhesion test (RCAT) is designed to simulate the adhesion of the processed synbar formulation to the surfaces of the processing equipment (drying/flaking/plodding/- milling/stamping). It has been shown to correlate with stickiness of products during processing. This stickiness is inversely related to overall bar processability.
• the synbar of this inven ⁇ tion has a Relative RCAT (Rolling Cylinder Adhesion Test) Value of less than 1, preferably less than 0.9, and more preferably less than 0.8.
• a Relative RCAT Value of 1 is assigned to a comparable bar made without the processing aid.
• the equipment used for this test is the following.
• An inclined plane (15*) with raised edges is used as the base for the rolling cylinder.
• the cylinder itself is made from plexiglass tubing of 4" outer diameter and 11-7/8" overall length; it weighs 735.2 grams.
• Comparative Example 1 is a state-of-the- art syndet bar similar to the exemplified bars of Small et al., supra.
• the RCAT data is a measure of processability in that it correlates very well with stickiness during processing.
• Compa ⁇ rative Example 1 is difficult to process because the material adheres to cooling, plodding and stamping equipment during manu ⁇ facture. All formulas which have a relative RCAT value of less than 1.0, therefore, are easier to process. Of Examples 3-46, for which data are available, all have lower RCAT values and improved processability. The improved processability of these formulas is a direct result of the decreased hygroscopicity of these formulas.
• Hygroscopicitv Test Processability
• Hygroscopicity is the tendency for a product to take up water under equilibrium conditions. It is a causative factor in the stickiness of materials. The higher the hygroscopicity, the stickier and more difficult to process a material tends to be.
• Hygroscopicity is measured by shaving approximately one gram of a bar product and knowing the initial weight and moisture accurately.
• the shaved product is placed in a constant tempera ⁇ ture (80 * F), constant humidity (80% R.H.) environment.
• the total weight of the sample is taken hourly until no further weight is gained.
• the difference between TFTe initial and final weights is the increase in moisture content of the sample; this value, when combined with the initial moisture, is the hygroscopicity.
• the AGS paste can be at ambient temperature or preheated to 150'F (65'C).
• the crutcher mix is dried and cooled using a combination flash chamber and chill roll or chill belt.
• the crutcher mix is first heated to approximately 300'F (149'C) by a heat exchanger and then flash dried in a chamber above the chill roll or chill belt. From the flash chamber the hot, dried mix is extruded onto the chill roll or chill belt.
• the chill belt or chill roll provides a uniform, thin, cool (85-95'F, 29-35'C) product in flake or chip form. Typical moisture for the flake is 1-10%, preferably about 2-4.5%.
• the ways to regulate the moisture in the order of preference, are (1) increasing or decreasing steam pressure on the heat exchanger; (2) increasing or decreasing crutcher mix rate to the heat exchanger; and (3) increasing or decreasing crutcher mix temperature to the heat exchanger. Amalgamating
• the flakes are weighed and mixed in a batch amalgamator to obtain uniform flake size. Preweighed perfume is added to the flakes and mixed in the amalgamator to obtain the desired finished product perfume level. The perfumed flakes are transferred to the mix hopper or directly to the plodder. Milling (Optional)
• the 3-roll soap mills are set up with the first roll at 120°F (49'C) and the other two mills at about 44'F (7'C).
• the material is passed through the mills several times to provide a homogeneous mixture of perfume and dried flakes.
• the plodder is set up with the barrel temperature at about 125'F (52'C) and the nose temperature at 120'F (49'C).
• the ideal plodder is a dual stage plodder that allows use of a vacuum of about 15-25 inches of Hg.
• the plugs should be cut in 5" sections and stamped with a cold die block using die liquor such as alcohol, if appropriate.
• Example 1 is an AGS- based, state-of-the-art product
• Example 2 is an estimated formulation of Colgate-Palmolive VEL ® syndet bar with ⁇ 15.0% sodium cetearyl sulfate.
• Examples 3-49 contain from 26-46% sodium cetearyl sulfate and represent the broad range of formulations acceptable within the matrix of this invention.
• the sodium cetearyl sulfate contains primary Ci6-Ci8 alkyl chains.
• Comparative Example 1 is the control bar for assessing processability of the bars of this invention. See Table 4. Using this comparative example, it will be shown that bars described below have improved processability without sacrificing mildness or other bar performance properties.
• Comparative Example 2 is a standard syndet bar made by the Colgate-Palmolive Co. under the name Vel®. This product contains an estimated 10% to 15% sodium cetearyl sulfate, significantly less than the levels required in the present invention. Addi ⁇ tionally, the Vel bar has unacceptable bar use properties such as smear and lather volume.
• Examples 3-49 are all based on a matrix composed of sodium cetearyl sulfate (26-46%) and stearic acid (0-20%).
• various lathering surfactants such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (0-20%); sodium cocoglycerylether sulfonate (0 r 35%); sodium cocoyl isethionate (0-17%); and sodium soap (0-15%).
• Laura acid (0-20%) along with the stearic acid, are added to ensure product pH less than or equal to 7.5.
• Processing aids such as plasticizers (paraffin, cottonseed oil and PEG-8000), and fillers, calcium carbonate and dextrins are added (0-15%) to reduce stickiness and improve plodding.
• Examples 33, 43 and 49 are highly preferred syndet bars which are easy to process while still performing well in terms of bar properties.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Country Status (19)

Cited By (6)

Citations (5)

• 1991
  • 1991-10-21 DE DE69115714T patent/DE69115714T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-10-21 AT AT91920209T patent/ATE131865T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-10-21 BR BR919107038A patent/BR9107038A/pt unknown
  • 1991-10-21 EP EP91920209A patent/EP0555342B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-10-21 AU AU89292/91A patent/AU8929291A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-10-21 JP JP4500772A patent/JPH06504764A/ja active Pending
  • 1991-10-21 WO PCT/US1991/007774 patent/WO1992007931A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1991-10-21 CA CA002095039A patent/CA2095039A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-10-26 TR TR01032/91A patent/TR27389A/xx unknown
  • 1991-10-27 EG EG64991A patent/EG19712A/xx active
  • 1991-10-29 MX MX9101830A patent/MX9101830A/es unknown
  • 1991-10-29 MA MA22611A patent/MA22329A1/fr unknown
  • 1991-10-29 PT PT99367A patent/PT99367A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-10-29 MY MYPI91001995A patent/MY131207A/en unknown
  • 1991-10-29 IE IE377291A patent/IE913772A1/en unknown
  • 1991-10-29 NZ NZ240376A patent/NZ240376A/en unknown
  • 1991-10-30 CN CN91111137A patent/CN1062164A/zh active Pending
• 1993
  • 1993-04-28 NO NO93931543A patent/NO931543L/no unknown
  • 1993-04-29 FI FI931933A patent/FI931933A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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