WO1992006570A1 - Element chauffant electrique auto-regulateur - Google Patents

Element chauffant electrique auto-regulateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992006570A1
WO1992006570A1 PCT/AT1991/000105 AT9100105W WO9206570A1 WO 1992006570 A1 WO1992006570 A1 WO 1992006570A1 AT 9100105 W AT9100105 W AT 9100105W WO 9206570 A1 WO9206570 A1 WO 9206570A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ceramic
heating element
elements
ptc material
ceramic ptc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT1991/000105
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Josef Drasch
Martin Hitschmann
Original Assignee
Pct Ceramics Heiz- Und Regeltechnik Gesellschaft M. B. H.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pct Ceramics Heiz- Und Regeltechnik Gesellschaft M. B. H. filed Critical Pct Ceramics Heiz- Und Regeltechnik Gesellschaft M. B. H.
Publication of WO1992006570A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992006570A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-regulating electrical heating element with a resistance heating element made of ceramic material with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, wherein heat-conducting and electrically conductive connecting or decoupling elements are arranged on the heating element made of ceramic material. and the ceramic PTC material is provided with an electrically conductive coating on the contact surfaces of the connecting or coupling elements.
  • PTC resistors made of ceramic material of the aforementioned type are often called PTC resistors or the ceramic material is referred to as PTC ceramic
  • the connecting or decoupling elements and the heating element are made of ceramic material by means of springs or the like. compressed.
  • the contact pressure of the clamp connection must be sufficiently high and remain high even in the event of longer changing operating conditions. This is particularly important with regard to the inrush current, which is considerably larger than the operating current.
  • a further disadvantage of the clamping connections is also the fact that there is air between the contact surfaces and this leads to oxidation processes and also prevents thermal decoupling.
  • the conventional clamping connections can cause the contact surfaces to scorch, precisely due to the increased contact resistance when the current is switched on.
  • heating elements have also become known in which the PTC ceramic is in direct contact with lead-out wires which are attached to the ceramic by hand soldering. With these, however, there is only a poor decoupling of the Heat, so that it is necessary to surround the resistance radiator with casting compounds with better thermal conductivity than air.
  • the aim of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to propose a heating element of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which, on the one hand, good heat extraction and good contacting, which also tolerates the inrush current surges, is given.
  • this is achieved in that the ceramic PTC material of the heating element is soldered or welded to the coupling-out or connecting elements.
  • connection is characterized by a correspondingly large conductive connection surface, so that this connection can also withstand high currents.
  • such a connection can be made relatively easily in production lines.
  • the surfaces of the coupling-out or connecting elements facing the ceramic PTC material are coated with a solder that is also applied to the ceramic PTC material.
  • connection of the PTC ceramic to the decoupling element and the connecting element can be produced very easily, these parts preferably being coated with tin, with a tin-lead alloy or with an Ag-based hard solder.
  • the elements connected to the ceramic PTC material are made of an insulating material, preferably ceramic, the elements being provided with an electrically conductive covering on at least one side.
  • the decoupling element and the connecting element have different strengths.
  • the connecting element for thickness compensation may be provided in order to ensure a certain thickness of the finished heating element.
  • one of the elements connected to the ceramic PTC material of the individual radiators can be provided over the entire surface and the other element only along the contact area of the individual ceramic PTC materials. Materials is coated with a solder, and that the other element is provided with separate conductor tracks for each body made of ceramic PTC material.
  • the wiring can be carried out in a particularly simple manner with the remaining wiring of a device.
  • the elements connected to the ceramic PTC material have a thermal expansion coefficient comparable to that of the PTC material.
  • the elements connected to the ceramic PTC material are meandering.
  • the thickness of the coating of the ceramic PTC material is selected depending on the actual size of the body of ceramic PTC material.
  • the procedure is such that the dimensional accuracy is obtained during the soldering process.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a heating element according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged detail of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded drawing of a further embodiment of a heating element according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of a connecting element
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a heating element according to the invention with an alternative PTC ceramic arrangement.
  • the heating element consists of a decoupling element 1 and a similar connecting element 1 ', so that the latter also contributes to the decoupling of heat.
  • These elements are electrically conductive - e.g. consist of copper and are provided on the side facing a PTC ceramic 4 with a solderable or weldable layer 2.
  • the PTC ceramic 4 is also provided with a coating 3 on its two surfaces that come into contact with the elements 1, 1 '.
  • This coating 3 consists of the metal contact 5 which is customary for PTC ceramics, e.g. a Cr layer applied directly to the PTC ceramic 4 with a subsequent Ni layer, to which an Ag layer is finally applied.
  • This metal contact 5 is provided with a solderable or weldable layer 11.
  • the layers 2 and 11 expediently consist of the same material or solder.
  • pure tin, a tin-lead alloy or a hard solder based on Ag can be used as the solder.
  • the coatings 11 compensate for the schematically represented irregularities in the surfaces of the metal contact 5 or the PTC ceramic.
  • the relatively large tolerances of the PTC ceramic pieces 4 can also be largely compensated for by the coatings 11, so that the complete radiator or heating element can be manufactured with relatively narrow thickness tolerances.
  • the thickness of the layer 2 is chosen as a function of the actual size of the PTC ceramic 4, since compliance with the specified external dimensions of the finished heating element is important for the quality of the heat extraction.
  • a flexible insulating sleeve 8 e.g. from a Kapton film, or according to Fig. 5 a solid insulating body 8 ', 8' ', e.g. made of ceramic, in which the heating element is inserted or enclosed.
  • elastic, heat-conducting plastics can also be used, e.g. Silicone rubber, in which case its elasticity permits further tolerances when installed in a housing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a heating element according to the invention.
  • PTC ceramic pieces 4 ' which, as already described, are provided with coatings 3. These are connected to one another via two identical elements 6, which are provided with a coating 2 on their sides facing the ceramic pieces 4 '.
  • decoupling elements 6 are provided with soldering eyelets 7, which allow simple connection of the corresponding connection enable wires, the electrically conductive coating 2 also being applied in the area of the soldering lugs 7 and being connected to the coating 3 in the area of the ceramic pieces 4 ',
  • the heating element formed from at least one PTC ceramic 4 and the decoupling or connecting elements 1, 1 ', 6 soldered or welded to it can, if the decoupling or connecting elements are made of an electrically conductive material, either with a foil 8 are wrapped out of insulating material, as indicated in FIG. 4, preferably using a Kapton film, or, as indicated in FIG. 5, in a housing 8 'made of a solid insulating material, such as, for example Ceramic is inserted and closed by means of a corresponding cover 8 ".
  • the decoupling or connecting elements from an insulating material, such as Ceramic, in which case, if the corresponding creepage distances between conductive parts or coatings are maintained, external insulation can be dispensed with.
  • an insulating material such as Ceramic
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of an outcoupling element 14 which is meandering.
  • different coefficients of thermal expansion can be absorbed between the ceramic (not shown in FIG. 6) and the decoupling element 14 without greater forces acting on the connected parts.
  • FIG. 7 shows a decoupling element 10 for three PTC ceramic pieces, not shown in FIG. 7, provided with a coating 3, which is provided with a coating 2 over its entire surface and a connecting element 9, which if necessary has a different thickness than the coupling-out element 10, and which is provided with a coating 2 at three locations provided for receiving the coated PTC ceramic pieces.
  • these coated points merge into separate conductor tracks 12, to which corresponding diversions are connected, which can optionally be switched via a switch 13.
  • the decoupling or connecting elements also consist of conductor tracks Films can be formed, or that the decoupling element is made of a thicker material that conducts heat well, such as copper or brass sheet or a ceramic provided on one side with an electrically conductive coating, and / or the connecting element consists of a conductor track or an electrically conductive coating
  • the film can be formed, in the latter case the film can be selected depending on the actual size of the PTC ceramic connected to the decoupling element in order to be able to maintain close tolerances with regard to the thickness of the finished heating element.
  • Another embodiment of the invention may consist of a metal such as e.g. Copper existing connecting or decoupling elements are welded directly to the ceramic, to which a metal contact may have been applied.
  • the welding which is carried out by means of a special welding process, is preferably carried out in such a way that orthogonal, linear welding spot configurations are formed so that an orthogonal grid is formed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

Un élément chauffant électrique auto-régulateur comprend un corps de chauffage par effet Joule en un matériau céramique, la résistance électrique ayant un coefficient thermique positif. Des éléments de liaison ou de découplage thermoconducteurs et électroconducteurs en un matériau céramique sont disposés sur le corps chauffant. Le matériau céramique à coefficient thermique positif est pourvu, sur ses surfaces d'appui des éléments de liaison ou de découplage, d'une couche électroconductrice de revêtement. Afin de pouvoir fabriquer ces éléments chauffants de manière automatique, tout en assurant un bon contact du matériau céramique à coefficient thermique positif (4, 4') et une bonne isolation thermique, le matériau céramique à coefficient thermique positif (4, 4') du corps de chauffage est relié par soudage ou par brasage avec les éléments de découplage ou de liaison (1, 1'; 6; 9, 10).
PCT/AT1991/000105 1990-09-27 1991-09-25 Element chauffant electrique auto-regulateur WO1992006570A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1960/90 1990-09-27
AT196090 1990-09-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992006570A1 true WO1992006570A1 (fr) 1992-04-16

Family

ID=3524778

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT1991/000105 WO1992006570A1 (fr) 1990-09-27 1991-09-25 Element chauffant electrique auto-regulateur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1992006570A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994004872A1 (fr) * 1992-08-17 1994-03-03 Rapa Rausch & Pausch Elektrotechnische Spezialfabrik Gmbh Raccord de gicleur pour bruleur a mazout
DE102009058673A1 (de) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 70469 Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
WO2016037763A1 (fr) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Mahle International Gmbh Dispositif d'équilibrage de température d'une unité d'alimentation en énergie électrique
DE202015008979U1 (de) 2015-07-15 2016-06-16 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
DE102015203114A1 (de) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 Mahle International Gmbh PTC-Thermistor
EP3098896A1 (fr) * 2015-05-28 2016-11-30 Mahle International GmbH Dispositif de régulation de température destiné à réguler la température d'une batterie, en particulier d'un véhicule automobile
DE102015213294A1 (de) 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
DE102015213295A1 (de) 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
DE102020202508A1 (de) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC Heizeinrichtung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2165943A1 (fr) * 1971-12-27 1973-08-10 Texas Instruments Inc
US3940591A (en) * 1974-07-01 1976-02-24 Texas Instruments Incorporated Self-regulating electric heater
US3996447A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-12-07 Texas Instruments Incorporated PTC resistance heater
GB2090710A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Thermistor heating device
DE3208802A1 (de) * 1980-12-13 1983-09-22 C.S. Fudickar Kg, 5600 Wuppertal Elektrische heizvorrichtung fuer beheizte apparate
EP0340361A2 (fr) * 1988-05-03 1989-11-08 Raychem Corporation Dispositif électrique comprenant un élément résistif PTC en polymère
EP0368206A2 (fr) * 1988-11-07 1990-05-16 Ado Electronic Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de chauffage à coéfficient de température positif et procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2165943A1 (fr) * 1971-12-27 1973-08-10 Texas Instruments Inc
US3940591A (en) * 1974-07-01 1976-02-24 Texas Instruments Incorporated Self-regulating electric heater
US3996447A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-12-07 Texas Instruments Incorporated PTC resistance heater
DE3208802A1 (de) * 1980-12-13 1983-09-22 C.S. Fudickar Kg, 5600 Wuppertal Elektrische heizvorrichtung fuer beheizte apparate
GB2090710A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Thermistor heating device
EP0340361A2 (fr) * 1988-05-03 1989-11-08 Raychem Corporation Dispositif électrique comprenant un élément résistif PTC en polymère
EP0368206A2 (fr) * 1988-11-07 1990-05-16 Ado Electronic Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de chauffage à coéfficient de température positif et procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5679276A (en) * 1992-08-17 1997-10-21 Rapa Rausch & Pausch Elektrotechnische Spezialfabrik Gmbh Foil electrical connector for an oil burner nozzle
WO1994004872A1 (fr) * 1992-08-17 1994-03-03 Rapa Rausch & Pausch Elektrotechnische Spezialfabrik Gmbh Raccord de gicleur pour bruleur a mazout
US9291375B2 (en) 2009-12-16 2016-03-22 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelectric heat exchanger
DE102009058673A1 (de) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 70469 Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
CN107223290A (zh) * 2014-09-12 2017-09-29 马勒国际有限公司 用于供电单元的温度控制的温度控制装置
WO2016037763A1 (fr) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Mahle International Gmbh Dispositif d'équilibrage de température d'une unité d'alimentation en énergie électrique
US10601092B2 (en) 2014-09-12 2020-03-24 Mahle International Gmbh Temperature control apparatus for the temperature control of an electric power supply unit
CN107223290B (zh) * 2014-09-12 2019-10-29 马勒国际有限公司 用于供电单元的温度控制的温度控制装置
DE102015203114A1 (de) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 Mahle International Gmbh PTC-Thermistor
EP3098896A1 (fr) * 2015-05-28 2016-11-30 Mahle International GmbH Dispositif de régulation de température destiné à réguler la température d'une batterie, en particulier d'un véhicule automobile
WO2016189056A1 (fr) * 2015-05-28 2016-12-01 Mahle International Gmbh Dispositif de régulation de température destiné à réguler la température d'une batterie, en particulier d'un véhicule à moteur
US10116015B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2018-10-30 Mahle International Gmbh Temperature control device for temperature controlling a battery
DE102015213295A1 (de) 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
DE202015008979U1 (de) 2015-07-15 2016-06-16 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
US10355191B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2019-07-16 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelectric heat exchanger
WO2017009171A1 (fr) 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Mahle International Gmbh Échangeur de chaleur thermoélectrique
DE102015213294A1 (de) 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Mahle International Gmbh Thermoelektrischer Wärmetauscher
DE102020202508A1 (de) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC Heizeinrichtung

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