Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F7/00—Magnets
  • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
  • H01F7/066—Electromagnets with movable winding
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
  • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
  • H02K41/035—DC motors; Unipolar motors
  • H02K41/0352—Unipolar motors
  • H02K41/0354—Lorentz force motors, e.g. voice coil motors
  • H02K41/0356—Lorentz force motors, e.g. voice coil motors moving along a straight path
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
  • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator with a magnetically active core and devices that generate magnetic poles in the core.
• Electromagnetic actuating devices are known, for example in the form of lifting magnets, which have a movable core.
• a disadvantage of these known electromagnetic actuating devices is that the actuating path is relatively short. If larger travel distances are to be achieved, larger coils and higher currents are required.
• a control coil is slidably mounted on the core.
• the core can be adapted to the length of the travel.
• the moving mass of the coil can be smaller compared to a moving core. This results in faster response and switching times.
• the magnetic properties in the relationship between the core and the coil remain constant over the entire travel path. According to an advantageous further development, the slight disadvantage of the moving connecting lines can be eliminated by the core itself being designed as a contact rail or having contact rails.
• further control coils can be provided on the core. If the further control coils are arranged stationary on the core, the actuating force and thus the movement time for the movable control coil can be increased step by step. For this purpose, the magnetic effects of the further control coils are switched on or off, for example by control electronics.
• the further control coils or a part thereof can also be mounted displaceably on the core. This has the advantage that several actuation processes can be carried out at the same time if, for example, the movable control coils are connected in series or in parallel.
• One application would be, for example, the thread guidance of sewing thread winding devices, which winds up several rolls at the same time. If the core is designed as a magnetically closed circuit, the force effect between the movable coils and the magnetic poles formed in the core can be increased further.
• the core preferably has two parallel longitudinal bars which are magnetically connected to one another via transverse sections.
• the movable control coils can be formed jointly on one longitudinal bar or on both longitudinal bars.
• opposite movements or movements in the same direction can be achieved in an advantageous manner.
• the core or the longitudinal bars can have curved or offset path sections. The number of applications can thus be increased significantly.
• the devices for generating the magnetic poles in the core can be designed as permanent magnets.
• Permanent magnets in the form of samarium magnets (or neodymium iron magnets) result in particularly pronounced poles and thus force effects on the moving coils. If the devices for generating the magnetic poles are designed as permanent magnets, additional power supply lines for an excitation coil, which generates the magnetic poles instead of the permanent magnets, are advantageously omitted.
• the devices for generating the magnetic poles are preferably designed in the region of the transverse sections, which advantageously does not hinder the movement of the control coils.
• the devices in the form of coils and permanent magnets can be oriented in such a way that the magnetic poles in the core are magnetically repellent.
• Advantage variations for the direction of movement of the control coils are also in this case . found an increased effect on the control coils.
• the core or the longitudinal bars as profiled running rails for the movable control coils, which enables the control coils to be moved in a manner that prevents them from rotating.
• the profiling to which the control coils are adapted proves to be advantageous, for example, when the control coils are operated via sliding contacts.
• a spring element can be provided on the core or the longitudinal rods, which enables the control coil to be positioned in a controlled manner according to the current flow or dampens the stop.
• metallic spring elements can simultaneously serve as a power supply for the control coil.
• control coils preferably have the same electrical data and geometric dimensions, which reduces the production costs.
• the movable control coils can be coupled to a switching device instead of or next to an actuating arm.
• the switchover device serves, for example, to make a polarization in the control coils, which leads to an oscillating back and forth movement of the control coils.
• the switchover device can also be designed as an interruption contact for the current flow in the control coils. Together with a spring element and the lower Refractive contact can also be achieved in a simple manner, a periodic reciprocating movement.
• Another advantage according to the invention is that when using several movable control coils that attract each other, there is a high force effect on each other, but the coils can be moved back and forth together on the core with little effort.
• the invention thus covers a large number of applications, which can extend to an electric motor which gains a rotary movement from a reciprocating movement via a connecting rod and a crankshaft. If the magnetic circuit is closed, such an electric motor has no magnetic leakage losses due to its toroidal core. This improves efficiency.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the electromechanical actuating device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the adjusting device according to the invention with individual magnetic fluxes
• FIGS. 4-7 different embodiments of the invention with different controls
• Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the invention with a plurality of control coils
• Fig. 9 is a switching device according to the invention.
• 1 shows a core 1 which is designed, for example, as a rectangular ring core. In other embodiments, the core 1 can have a rod shape or other shapes, for example.
• the core 1 carries a device 2 which forms magnetic poles in the core 1.
• the device 2 is a stationary coil which surrounds one leg of the core 1.
• the core 1 is further enclosed by a control coil 3. According to the control coil 3 is mounted on the leg so as to be longitudinally displaceable.
• control coil 3 moves depending on the position of the magnetic poles, the current directions and the winding directions to one of the magnetic poles or is repelled by the magnetic pole.
• the core 1 in FIG. 1 carries a second control coil 4. If the control coil 4 is arranged in a stationary manner on the core 1, the magnetic field of the control coil 4 can additionally act on the magnetic poles caused by the device 2. Thus, the control coil 3 can also be controlled via the control coil 4 in its travel.
• a further embodiment can consist in that the second control coil 4 is also movably arranged on the core 1.
• the core can also be curved. It is also possible for the two control coils 3, 4 to be arranged offset in height from one another.
• the core is designed, for example, in a step-like manner.
• Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the core 1 in Fig. 1 consists of longitudinal bars 7, 8 which are connected to one another via transverse sections.
• the two longitudinal rods are arranged parallel to one another in a rail-like manner and the cross connections between the longitudinal rods 7, 8 are permanent magnets 5, 6.
• the two longitudinal rods 7, 8 are attached to the permanent magnets 5, 6, so that the rail-shaped structure shown in Fig. 2 results.
• a magnet can also be provided instead of two magnets 5, 6.
• either a -shaped adjusting device results or the one magnet 5, 6 is replaced by a spacer of a suitable size. If the spacer consists of a magnetically active material, the closed magnetic circuit shown in FIG. 1 again results.
• the longitudinal bars 7, 8 In order to enable the coils 3, 4 to move on the longitudinal bars 7, 8 in a manner such that they cannot rotate, it is possible to design the longitudinal bars 7, 8 with a profiled cross section.
• the bores of the coil formers of the control coils 3, 4 are adapted, for example, to the rectangular cross section of the longitudinal bars 7, 8.
• the two longitudinal bars 7, 8 form tracks for the two control coils 3, 4.
• the travel of the control coils 3, 4 is limited by the transverse sections or the permanent magnets 5, 6.
• a spring element 12, which consists for example of rubber or a compression spring, can be provided as a stop damper for the moving control coil 3, 4.
• the Feder ⁇ element can also have a length that the control coils 3, 4 are only adjustable against the force of the compression spring.
• the moving control coils 3, 4 it is possible to guide the moving control coils 3, 4 with ball or roller bearings on the longitudinal rods 7, 8, which reduces frictional forces. It is also possible to design sections of the core 1 itself as a contact rail. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the current is supplied at connections 10. According to another embodiment, contact rails 9 can also be provided, to which the current is supplied via a connection 11. To draw current, the control coils 3, 4 have sliding contacts (not shown).
• FIG. 4 to 7 show different arrangements of the control coils with different actuations.
• the rail-shaped embodiment according to FIG. 2 was chosen for the adjusting device according to the invention.
• Permanent magnets 5, 6 are also provided as magnetic pole generating devices. In other exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the permanent magnets 5, 6 can be appropriately oriented excitation coils.
• the orientation of the devices 2 and the permanent magnets 5, 6 must be noted. Within the closed magnetic circuit, the permanent magnets 5, 6 are oriented in opposite directions. Consequently, the weakest pole points result approximately in the middle of the longitudinal rods 7, 8. The greatest magnetic pole effects result in the area of the magnets. Become If, for example, samarium magnets or excitation coils with a high current flow are used, magnetic poles of the same strength can be largely produced via the adjustment path in the longitudinal bars 7, 8.
• 4 to 7 also show the different movement possibilities of the control coils 3, 4. If the control coils 3, 4 in FIG. 4 have the plus-minus power supply shown, the two control coils 3, 4 pull out the same Assuming the sense of winding - and move towards each other. 4 shows an end position after the setting process and before that the two control coils 3, 4 are located in the area of the permanent magnets 5, 6 depending on the length of the longitudinal bars 7, 8. According to the invention, very large adjustment paths can be covered.
• the two control coils are located 3, 4 in the stop position shown in Fig. 4, they can be easily moved on the longitudinal rod 8 even when excited, since the effects of the two same control coils 3, 4 cancel each other out with respect to the magnetic circuit.
• the two control spools 3, 4 in FIGS. 6 and 7 are arranged on both longitudinal bars 7, 8. 6, the control coils 3, 4 move in opposite directions due to the polarity. 7, the two control coils 3, 4 run in the same direction of movement and can be mechanically coupled to one another, for example, by means of an intermediate piece 21, which is why the structure of a carriage results.
• 3 shows a section of a section of the core 1 on which the control coils 3, 4 are movably mounted. It is assumed that the two main magnetic poles 19, 20 form in the core 1 or the longitudinal rods 7, 8, which is due to the opposite orientation of the permanent magnets 5, 6 in the magnetic circuit. The orientation of the magnetic fields in the control coils 3, 4 is also assumed, as shown in FIG. 3. Thereafter, the north side of the control coil 3 abuts the main north pole 19. Likewise, the north side of the control coil 4 repels at the main north pole 20.
• the two control coils 3, 4 move towards one another, the two south sides acting to dampen the impact, which can additionally be supported by a spring element.
• the control coil 3 is not only repelled by the main pole 19, but at the same time is attracted by the main north pole 20 on its south side, which increases the effect of the actuating device according to the invention.
• the south side of the control coil 4 is attracted by the main north pole 19. The advantageous effect that the control coils are acted upon from the north and south sides by the two main north poles 19, 20 does not occur if the two permanent magnets 5, 6 are connected in series in the magnetic circuit.
• the control coil 3 would simultaneously be repelled by the main pole 19 from its north side and also by the main south pole of the other magnet from the south side.
• the travel path is thus shorter and is determined by the asymmetrical position between the main north and south poles when the permanent magnets 5, 6 are connected in series in the magnetic circuit.
• 8 shows an embodiment in which there are more than two transverse sections in the form of permanent magnets 5.
• Control coils 3, 4 are arranged between the cross sections.
• further control coils 3, 4 can be arranged in matrix form if further longitudinal bars 7, 8 are provided in addition to those shown in FIG. 8.
• the further longitudinal rods (not shown) can in turn be coupled via permanent magnets forming transverse sections.
• the control coil 3 is connected to a changeover fork 16.
• the changeover fork 16 is a light guide, to which light is supplied via a light guide connection 15.
• the light passes from the light guide 15 to the light guide 18 on the output side.
• the deflection bracket 16 is brought into the position indicated by dashed lines by the actuating device according to the invention, the light exit takes place in a light guide 17 instead of the light guide 18
• the transition surfaces between the ends on the light guides 15, 16, 17, 18 are held parallel to one another.
• the control coil 3 can also be coupled to a changeover switch, for example.
• the adjusting device can also be used as a punching or hammering device if it is arranged vertically. In this case, gravity acts on the moving control coils 3, 4 and provides the necessary restoring force if an upward stroke is to be carried out.
• the actuating device can be supplied with power in pulse mode. If 12 signal flags are formed on the actuating element, the actuating device becomes a display device. In other applications, for example, deflecting mirrors, transport bowls, screens, sensors and other elements can attack the moving deflecting coils 3, 4 or actuating element 13. The selection is not limited to the examples given.
• a motor can be constructed in which a linear movement is converted into a rotary movement.
• a connecting rod and a crankshaft must be provided, which act on the moving control coils 3, 4.
• Several adjusting devices can be switched on by parallel arrangement and mechanical coupling of the further control coils to the uniform connecting rods in order to increase the performance.
• the closed magnetic circuit has a particularly advantageous effect in such a motor, which avoids stray field losses and increases the efficiency.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
• Electromagnets (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6413290

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (1)

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Citations (10)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1990
  • 1990-08-31 DE DE19904027553 patent/DE4027553C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1991
  • 1991-08-24 WO PCT/DE1991/000688 patent/WO1992004721A1/de unknown

Patent Citations (10)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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