WO1991013686A1 - Separateur centrifuge - Google Patents

Separateur centrifuge Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991013686A1
WO1991013686A1 PCT/DK1991/000075 DK9100075W WO9113686A1 WO 1991013686 A1 WO1991013686 A1 WO 1991013686A1 DK 9100075 W DK9100075 W DK 9100075W WO 9113686 A1 WO9113686 A1 WO 9113686A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inlet
end wall
decanter centrifuge
projection
drum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1991/000075
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bent Madsen
Original Assignee
Alfa-Laval Separation A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8095996&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1991013686(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Alfa-Laval Separation A/S filed Critical Alfa-Laval Separation A/S
Priority to JP3506758A priority Critical patent/JP2987519B2/ja
Priority to EP91906597A priority patent/EP0520010B1/fr
Priority to DE69104715T priority patent/DE69104715T2/de
Publication of WO1991013686A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991013686A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B2001/2033—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl with feed accelerator inside the conveying screw

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a decanter centrifuge comprising a rotatably journalled drum and a conveyor rotatably journalled in the drum with a conveyor body containing an inlet in the form of a cavity for the feed to be separated, said inlet being radially defined by a wall coaxial with the conveyor body and provided with inlet apertures connecting the inlet with the space between the conveyor body and the internal side of the drum, a peripheral area of the inlet outwardly defined by the radius to the inlet apertures being free of carriers, inwards extending projections or the like, an inlet pipe for the feed coaxial with the drum, and at one end of the drum an outlet weir for the separated liquid phase.
  • GB patent No. 1 025 079 describes a decanter centrifuge of the above type in which the inlet is radially defined by a circular-cylindrical wall and axially defined at one end by an end wall forming a conical surface with an opening for an inlet pipe projecting into the inlet and whose orifice is located at the small end of the conical surface and points in a direction perpendicular to the drum axis.
  • a large number of inlet apertures is distributed in the circular-cylindrical radial wall.
  • the decanter centrifuge further includes a supply pipe for a flocculant.
  • Said supply pipe is inserted into the inlet through the inlet pipe and is concentric therewith.
  • the purpose of the supply pipe is to allow the flocculant to be added to the feed after the feed has been accelerated to an angular velocity substantially corresponding to the angular velocity of the drum.
  • the flocculant was added to the feed prior to the feed entering the inlet. This resulted in that the feed containing the floccul ant was exposed to large internal shear forces during acceleration to said angular velocity, thereby causing already precipitated material to be disintegrated again.
  • US patent No. 3 143 504 describes another decanter centrifuge of the above type in which the inlet is radially defined by a circularly cylindrical wall and axially by an end wall that is plane and perpendicular to the drum axis, while a second end wall forms a conical surface with an opening for an inlet pipe projecting into the inlet and whose orifice is situated in a plane parallel to the drum axis.
  • a large number of inlet apertures for discharging sediment is distributed over the circularly cylindrical wall and inlet apertures are provided in the plane end wall through which the liquid phase leaves the inlet.
  • the decanter centrifuge according to the invention differs from the prior art in that the mouths of the inlet apertures in the inlet are located on a radius greater than the radius to the outlet weir, that the inlet is axially defined by a rotationally symmetrical first end wall positioned opposite the inlet pipe , and a rotationally symmetrical second end wall located opposite the first end wall and comprising a central projection extending towards the first end wall and having an axial bore for the inlet pipe, and that the mouth of the inlet pipe faces the inlet and is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the drum.
  • the flow in the inlet when the decanter centrifuge has attained its normal operating condition, mainly passes in the direction from the first end wall and parallel to the free surface in the inlet towards the second end wall and a uniform outflow is concurrently effected through the inlet apertures.
  • the feed approaches the inlet apertures it has by and large attained the same angular velocity as the conveyor body, but due to the comparatively long path of flow in the thick liquid layer in the inlet, the excess energy has been disspipated in a manner as to prevent the occurrence of turbulent flows which are entrained through the inlet apertures into the space between the conveyor body and the internal side of the drum.
  • An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the projection of the second end wall has the shape of a truncated cone whose pointed end faces the first end wall. Possible air occurring in the feed or being entrained by the feed while flowing into the inlet may be passed away along the periphery of the projection of the second end wall, thereby preventing an air cushion from occurring in the inlet which may interfere in the intended flow. With the stated design of the projection any liberated air will flow along the periphery of the projection and leave the inlet through the axial bore in the projection.
  • the projection of the second end wall may have substantially radial, longitudinal ribs uniformly distributed along the periphery of the projection, or there may be one or more substantially radial ribs following helices along the periphery of the projection.
  • a larger momentum is thus transferred to the liquid in the inlet in case the free liquid surface approaches the periphery of the projection, e.g. because the rate of flow of the feed increases.
  • the flow may be directed more strongly towards the second end wall, thereby obtaining an improved axial distribution of the feed, and by altering the radial extension of the ribs it is possible to obtain that the free surface of the liquid does not approach such a small radius that the liquid may discharge through the bore of the inlet pipe in the projection.
  • An alternative preferred embodiment is characterized in that the first end wall centrally includes a baffle knob protruding towards the inlet pipe. This provides for obtaining an improved control of the inflowing feed when it changes from being an axial flow to being a radial flow because such a sudden change in direction is prevented.
  • the baffle knob may have radial ribs uniformly distributed along the periphery of the baffle knob.
  • the ribs may extend along straight lines or helical lines. This may be necessary in order to impart a sufficient rotation to the feed in the inlet with the view of obtaining a stable circulation flow in the inlet.
  • the inlet may be provided in an exchangeable part of the conveyor body and the baffle knob may be exchangeably secured to the first end wall and the projection containing the axial bore of the inlet pipe may be exchangeably secured to the second end wall. It is obtained by these measures that one and the same decanter centrifuge may be used for various types of feed, in that one or more of said components is/are exchanged.
  • the inlet pipe may be axially displaceable. It is thus obtained that the diameter of the jet at the baffle knob may be altered by displacement of the inlet pipe, thereby making it possible to adapt the flow in the inlet to the type of feed and/or the rate of flow thereof.
  • Fig. 1 in a very schematical form shows a section of a decanter centrifuge according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the inlet of a decanter centrifuge, as illustrated in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows an inlet as in Fig. 2, in which the path of the flow in the feed in the inlet is indicated,
  • Fig. 4 shows an inlet as in Fig. 3, in which the projection of the second end wall has two ribs following helices along the periphery of the projection,
  • Fig. 5 shows an inlet as in Fig. 4, in which the first end wall has an annular projection
  • Fig. 6 shows an inlet as in Fig. 2, in which the inlet, the baffle knob and the projection of the second end wall are exchangeably mounted,
  • Fig. 7 is a schematical view of a baffle knob with retilinear ribs
  • Fig. 8 is a schematical view of a baffle knob with helical ribs.
  • the decanter centrifuge illustrated in Fig. 1 includes a drum 1, rotatably journalled in bearings 22 at each end.
  • a conveyor 2 is rotatably journalled in drum 1 in relation to the drum by means of bearings 23 at each end.
  • Conveyor 2 comprises a conveyor body 3 with an external helical flight 21.
  • the conveyor body 3 includes an inlet 4 axially defined by a first end wall 11 and a second end wall 13.
  • Inlet 4 is radially defined by a wall 5 that is coaxial with the conveyor body 3 and comprises inlet apertures 6 connecting the inlet 4 with the space 7 between the conveyor body 3 and the internal side of drum 1.
  • the decanter centrifuge further inlcudes an inlet pipe 8 having a mouth 16 directed towards inlet 4.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates inlet 4 with the end wall 11 having centrally a baffle knob 12, in this embodiment shaped as an approximately spherical face smoothly merging into end wall 11 which per se constitutes a smooth transition to the radially confining wall 5.
  • the second end wall 13 has a projection 14 which includes a bore 15 for inlet pipe 8 and is coaxial with the drum axis.
  • Projection 14 has the shape of a truncated cone whose small end faces the baffle knob.
  • At the large end projection 14 merges smoothly into end wall 13 which per se merges smoothly into wall 5.
  • Six, substantially radial, slightly helical, longitudinal ribs 17 uniformly distributed along the periphery of the projection are positioned on the periphery of projection 14.
  • inlet pipe 8 The mouth of inlet pipe 8 is situated in a plane perpendicular to the drum axis. Inlet pipe 8 is axially displaceable, thereby allowing the distance between mouth 16 and baffle knob 12 to be varied. The adjustment of this distance may according to choice be effected during operation and the variation of the distance may be effected manually or automatically by means of a control mechanism, not shown.
  • the radial wall 5 is provided with inlet apertures 6 all of which are positioned between the helical flight 21.
  • the apertures are, moreover, provided uniformly across the entire axial extension of wall 5.
  • the liquid may then flow freely from the inlet through the inlet apertures into space 7 without passing members capable of provoking turbulence and vortices.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the flow paths in the inlet. In dashed lines the upper half of the figure shows various characteristic flow areas through which thefeed flows when passing the inlet.
  • the path of the feed through the inlet may be described as follows.
  • the feed leaves inlet pipe 8 and continues in a jet towards baffle knob 12 at which it is radially dispersed between the baffle knob and a vortex area 31 located at the free liquid surface.
  • the feed subsequently passes into an agitation zone 30 in which a mixing is effected with liquid from a radially external area 33 of the inlet, thereby increasing the angular velocity of the feed.
  • Said angular velocity is somewhat smaller than the angular velocity in the adjacent zone 33, the socalled dissipation area, and the feed will therefore be forced back towards the liquid surface in the direction towards the radial outer edges of ribs 17.
  • the liquid in this area is imparted an angular acceleration preventing the liquid from penetrating further towards projection 14.
  • the ribs are slightly helical, thereby forcing the liquid towards end wall 13.
  • the feed attains the same angular velocity as the ribs whereas the excess energy brought about by this acceleration occurs as a radial velocity carrying the feed into the disspipation area 33 throughout the length of projection 14.
  • the three inlet apertures 6 are positioned between the flights so that there are no edges capable of imparting tubulence or retaining threads or similar bigger particles in the feed.
  • the apertures are so large that they do not form any restriction to the flow and as they follow the flights they are axially displaced in relation to each other and cover almost the entire length of the circularly cylindrical wall 5.
  • the inlet illustrated in Fig. 4 has ribs 17 that are helically positioned along the circumference of projection 14. Such ribs provoke a stronger flow in the area of acceleration 32 towards end wall 13 than the ribs 17 shown in Fig. 3.
  • Six inlet apertures 6 all of which are positioned between the screw flights 21 are provided in this latter embodiment of the inlet.
  • the inlet illustrated in Fig. 5 has an end wall
  • Fig. 6 illustrates an inlet substantially designed as the inlet in Fig. 2, but the inlet portion proper is designed as a separate component joined with conveyor body 3 by bolts 25 and flanges on the conveyor body.
  • Baffle knob 12 is also designed as a separate component fixedly bolted on end wall 11 by means of a central bolt 26.
  • Projection 14 is likewise designed as a separate component which through bolts 27 is fixedly bolted on end wall 13.
  • the described inlet offers great possibilities of varying the size and the shape of the various members concerned with the view of obtaining an optimum yield.
  • the radius of the inlet may be altered only within narrow limits, but it is possible to extend the inlet in the axial direction.
  • an extension of the inlet generally implies that projection 14 has to be extended too, because it is necessary to control the internal surface of the liquid in the inlet in order to ensure that it does not penetrate so far towards the axis of rotation that the liquid discharges through bore 15 in the projection.
  • inlet apertures 6 of a long inlet are uniformly distributed throughout wall 5, there is a risk that part of the feed will only have a short path through the inlet before passing an inlet aperture and penetrating into space 7. In such a case it may be advantageously to make use of an end wall 11 with an annular projection 20 , as illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • ribs 17 throughout a large span of flow rates is to prevent overflow through bore 5, to impart angular velocity to the feed and to distribute the feed axially throughout the entire inlet, thereby enabling excess energy originating from the acceleration to dissipate throughout the entire dissipation area 33 of the inlet.
  • the axial extension of ribs 17 must therefore be adapted to the axial length of the inlet.
  • the ribs 17 should, however, cover the area at the inlet apertures. Radially the ribs must be positioned on the smallest possible radius, in respect of the diameter of the inlet pipe and also of the bore 15, and the length and also the strength of projection 14.
  • the individual rib may extend completely axially, at a constant angle in relation to the axis of rotation or at a variable angle in relation to the axis.
  • the angle in relation to the axis caters for the axial distribution of the feed throughout the dissipation area 33 and must be adapted to the rate of flow, the type of feed to be separated and the axial extension of ribs 17 and inlet 4, as mentioned above.
  • the ribs are designed so that hair and threads in the feed do not settle and cling to edges but are thrown off.
  • baffle knob The purpose of the baffle knob is to alter the direction of the feed so that it is carried into the agitation area 30 with a minimum interference with the free surface of the feed in the inlet and so as to obtain a uniform distribution across the surface of end wall 11 .
  • ribs 17 on projection 14 may, as illustrated in Fig. 6, be provided radial ribs 19 uniformly distributed along the periphery of the baffle knob and following straight lines, as shown in Fig. 7, or helices, as shown in Fig. 8. Said ribs should likewise be shaped so that hair and threads do not settle.
  • inlet apertures 6 By passing through inlet apertures 6 into space 7, a small acceleration is imparted to the feed, as mentioned above. With the view of reducing this supplementary acceleration, it is advantageous that the thickness of material in the area at the inlet apertures is as small as allowed by the considerations relating to strength and wear.
  • decanter centrifuges having rotating inlet pipes journalled within the conveyor body, means of ensuring that the inlet may be vented through the bearing should be provided.
  • a decanter centrifuge it is possible to further improve the separation by establishing partial vacuum in the inlet by exhaustion.
  • Such a partial vacuum reduces the energy to be dissipated, some of the excess energy being in this case used to compensate for the partial pressure.

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

Séparateur centrifuge constitué d'un tambour (1) renfermant un convoyeur (2) au centre duquel est logé la chambre d'admission (4). Le flux de liquide à séparer s'écoule selon l'axe de la chambre d'admission (4) vers le fond (11) de celui-ci avant d'être réparti radialement et continuer de s'écouler à nouveau de manière axiale vers la deuxième extrémité (13) de la chambre d'admission en franchissant un secteur ne comportant pas d'ailettes qui communiqueraient au liquide une vitesse angulaire. La chambre d'admission (4) comporte des lumières (6) situées en un rayon supérieur à celui du débord (9) par lequel le liquide se déverse. La configuration de la chambre (4) est telle qu'en cours d'opération la surface libre du liquide est entraînée assez loin le long de l'axe du tambour, de sorte que l'excédent d'énergie communiqué au liquide lors de son accélération à la vitesse angulaire du convoyeur (2) est dissipée dans une couche de liquide assez épaisse avant que le liquide ne se déverse dans la chambre de séparation (1) via les lumières (6).
PCT/DK1991/000075 1990-03-13 1991-03-12 Separateur centrifuge WO1991013686A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3506758A JP2987519B2 (ja) 1990-03-13 1991-03-12 デカンタ遠心機
EP91906597A EP0520010B1 (fr) 1990-03-13 1991-03-12 Separateur centrifuge
DE69104715T DE69104715T2 (de) 1990-03-13 1991-03-12 Dekanterzentrifuge.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK651/90 1990-03-13
DK65190A DK170967B1 (da) 1990-03-13 1990-03-13 Dekantercentrifuge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991013686A1 true WO1991013686A1 (fr) 1991-09-19

Family

ID=8095996

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1991/000075 WO1991013686A1 (fr) 1990-03-13 1991-03-12 Separateur centrifuge

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0520010B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2987519B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE69104715T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK170967B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991013686A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0602766A2 (fr) * 1992-12-17 1994-06-22 Alfa Laval Separation Inc. Centrifugeuse décanteuse pour l'épaississement à haut rendement
WO1999011379A1 (fr) * 1997-09-01 1999-03-11 Rolf Schnause Procede et dispositif pour centrifuger des fluides visqueux
US6561965B1 (en) 2000-10-20 2003-05-13 Alfa Laval Inc. Mist pump for a decanter centrifuge feed chamber
WO2003082474A2 (fr) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Varco I/P, Inc. Centrifugeuses et procedes de separation d'une matiere de charge
WO2004035219A1 (fr) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-29 Varco I/P, Inc. Centrifuge, adaptateur pour centrifuge, transporteur et procede de separation de matiere
KR100977196B1 (ko) 2008-09-26 2010-08-23 주식회사 로얄정공 스크류 컨베이어에 형성된 이단가속 토출커버를 구비한 스크류데칸터형 원심분리기
IT202100000035A1 (it) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-04 Schlumberger Technology Corp Centrifughe decanter e condotti di accelerazione e procedimenti associati

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE525413C2 (sv) 2003-06-18 2005-02-15 Alfa Laval Corp Ab En skruvtransportör för en dekantercentrifug
DE102006011452B4 (de) * 2006-03-13 2014-02-13 Flottweg Se Zentrifuge mit einem Einlaufrohr
KR101231066B1 (ko) 2012-07-18 2013-02-07 주식회사 천보엔지니어링 막힘방지구조의 분배실을 구비한 원심탈수장치
DE102020129483B3 (de) 2020-11-09 2022-05-25 Flottweg Se Zentrifugenschnecke und Vollmantelschneckenzentrifuge
DE102020008152A1 (de) 2020-11-09 2022-06-23 Flottweg Se Zentrifugenschnecke und Vollmantelschneckenzentrifuge

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1119173B (de) * 1960-06-25 1961-12-07 Krauss Maffei Ag Zentrifuge mit Austragschnecke
US3143504A (en) * 1960-01-05 1964-08-04 Krupp Dolberg Gmbh Solid-bowl centrifuge with discharge screw
GB1025079A (en) * 1963-01-31 1966-04-06 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of and apparatus for a flocculating agent with a sludge being centrifuged
US3428246A (en) * 1967-12-21 1969-02-18 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Centrifuge apparatus
FR2057600A5 (en) * 1969-08-29 1971-05-21 Saget Pierre Centrifuge with modified solids discharge - conveyor
EP0177838A2 (fr) * 1984-10-10 1986-04-16 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'introduction de floculants dans des boues à l'intérieur de la chambre de chargement d'une centrifugeuse

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3143504A (en) * 1960-01-05 1964-08-04 Krupp Dolberg Gmbh Solid-bowl centrifuge with discharge screw
DE1119173B (de) * 1960-06-25 1961-12-07 Krauss Maffei Ag Zentrifuge mit Austragschnecke
GB1025079A (en) * 1963-01-31 1966-04-06 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of and apparatus for a flocculating agent with a sludge being centrifuged
US3428246A (en) * 1967-12-21 1969-02-18 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Centrifuge apparatus
FR2057600A5 (en) * 1969-08-29 1971-05-21 Saget Pierre Centrifuge with modified solids discharge - conveyor
EP0177838A2 (fr) * 1984-10-10 1986-04-16 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'introduction de floculants dans des boues à l'intérieur de la chambre de chargement d'une centrifugeuse

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0602766A2 (fr) * 1992-12-17 1994-06-22 Alfa Laval Separation Inc. Centrifugeuse décanteuse pour l'épaississement à haut rendement
US5354255A (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-10-11 Alfa Laval Separation Inc. Decanter centrifuge with conveyor capable of high speed and higher flow rates
EP0602766A3 (fr) * 1992-12-17 1994-12-28 Alfa Laval Separation Inc Centrifugeuse décanteuse pour l'épaississement à haut rendement.
WO1999011379A1 (fr) * 1997-09-01 1999-03-11 Rolf Schnause Procede et dispositif pour centrifuger des fluides visqueux
US6561965B1 (en) 2000-10-20 2003-05-13 Alfa Laval Inc. Mist pump for a decanter centrifuge feed chamber
WO2003082474A2 (fr) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Varco I/P, Inc. Centrifugeuses et procedes de separation d'une matiere de charge
WO2003082474A3 (fr) * 2002-03-28 2003-11-13 Varco Int Centrifugeuses et procedes de separation d'une matiere de charge
WO2004035219A1 (fr) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-29 Varco I/P, Inc. Centrifuge, adaptateur pour centrifuge, transporteur et procede de separation de matiere
KR100977196B1 (ko) 2008-09-26 2010-08-23 주식회사 로얄정공 스크류 컨베이어에 형성된 이단가속 토출커버를 구비한 스크류데칸터형 원심분리기
IT202100000035A1 (it) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-04 Schlumberger Technology Corp Centrifughe decanter e condotti di accelerazione e procedimenti associati

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2987519B2 (ja) 1999-12-06
DK65190A (da) 1991-09-14
DE69104715D1 (de) 1994-11-24
EP0520010A1 (fr) 1992-12-30
EP0520010B1 (fr) 1994-10-19
DK170967B1 (da) 1996-04-09
DK65190D0 (da) 1990-03-13
JPH05505557A (ja) 1993-08-19
DE69104715T2 (de) 1995-05-04

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