Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
  • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
  • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a lining of rock-faces, such as tunnels and the like, as a protection against water running down, ice formation, falling rock, which lining is provided at some distance from the rock- face, and mounted on supporting means, which are firmly anchored in the rock- face, and which lining consists of plates, the adjacent end surfaces of which are connected to each other, forming a continous water proof protection.
• both variants the rough rock face is evened by means of a relatively solid concrete layer, which is a necessity to be able to use the relatively thin plastic plates, which only are intended to drain off water, but does not have any possibility to absorb such loads which may occur if stones are broken off from the rock face and which fall down on the lining.
• Both variants are expensive in manufacture, which also applies to the manufacture of the protection layer, which consists of 3-10 mm thick plastic plates, which either have to be welded from the rear side, that is the side facing the cliff, or that the connection between the plastic discs is carried out by means of special jaws which are arranged along the connection edges, which jaws have to be formed after the curve of the tunnel vault.
• the object of the invention is to provide a rock face lining of the type stated by way of introduction, which is flexible and adaptable to tunnels of different length and cross section arid which in addition to preventing water from leaking into the tunnel also constitutes a good protection against falling rock.
• the structure should be simple to repair after damage and easily can be provided with a satis ⁇ factory fire protection.
• protection layer consisting of plane and/or single- curved thermal insulation plates of a water proof material, which at least on one of the flat sides, preferably on both flat- sides are coated with a reinforcement net or the like, to which the support means are fixed.
• the invention further refers to a method to perform the lining of rock-faces, which method is characterized in that on the support means the protection layer is mounted consis ⁇ ting of plane and/or single curved thermal insulating discs of water proof material and on at least one and preferably both flat sides is applied a reinforcement net or the like, to which the support means are connected.
• Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view through a tunnel provided with a lining according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 2 shows in a larger scale a section through a part of the lining according to fig. 1.
• Fig. 3 shows a section analogous to that of fig. 2 of the lining just in front of an overlap joint.
• Fig. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in fig. 5 through a modified embodiment of the connection device according to the invention.
• Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a part of the lining according to the embodiment shown in fig. 4.
• Fig. 6 shows a section through a part of a tunnel, where the lining is supported by longitudinal beams.
• Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a part of the lining.
• Fig. 8 shows a view analogous to that of fig. 6 of the lining, where the joint between the insulation plates is constituted by a concrete beam.
• Fig. 9 shows an enlargement of the portion encircled in fig. 6.
• Fig. 10 shows an enlargement of the portion encircled in fig. 7.
• Fig. 11 shows a section through a lining with a clamp in the form of a yoke and a hook.
• Fig. 12 shows an end view of a beam with an alternative connection device.
• Fig. 13 shows a joint between two beams connected to each other end by end.
• the lining according to the invention in the drawings designated with 10, is constituted by a number of insulation plates 11, of a water proof material, e.g. foamed plastic, with closed pores, and on both sides of the board provided reinforcement nets 12 located to fit-up against the flat sides of the insulating boards 11.
• the reinforcement nets may preferably consist of galvanized steel rods, 5-6 mm in diameter, with a mesh width of e.g. 10-15 cm, and which lining parts are kept together by suitable connection devi ⁇ ces 17, forming an integrated protection layer. This means that the protection layer can absorb even relatively large loads, such as stones torn off, in the order of magnitude up to 3 tons, without collapsing the protection layer.
• the lining 10 is mounted to the rock face 15 by means of carrier means 14, which in the embodiment shown in fig. 1-3 are constituted by rock bolts 13, the part of which is located outside the rockface is constituted by an attachment device 16, in the form of a threaded bar, on to which the lining 10 is secured.
• the lining 10 is spaced from he rock- face 15 by means of spacing means 24, which in the embodi ⁇ ment shown according to fig. 2 is constituted by a nut 25 threaded onto the rock bolt 13 and a support washer 26.
• the lining 10 is fixed to the rock bolt by means of a clamping device 27, in which is contained the attachment device 16, the nut 25, the support washer 26 on one side of the lining, and a second support washer 28 and a second support washer 28 and a second nut 29 on the other side of the lining.
• the mounting of the lining against the rockface is carried out by drilling rock bolts into the rock with a center distance suitable to carry the lining 10.
• the nut 25 is applied at suitable distance from the rock face and the support washer 26 is applied.
• first inner reinforcement net 12 is hanged on to the attachment device 16 and the soft isulation board is thread on these, whereafter the second outer reinforcement net 12 is applied on the top of the insulating board.
• the support washer 28 and the nut 29 are applied and tightened, so that the insulation plate is effectively fixed between the reinforcement nets 12.
• the insulation plates 11 are supplied in oblong lengths (usual dimension 0,6 x 2,7 m) and in order to obtain water proof joints between the insulation plates, the overlapping joint 30 shown in fig 3 can be useful.
• This may consist of the jointing pieces 31, which in a suitable way are secured to the flatside of the board along two side edges with so large overhang, that an effective connection with an adja ⁇ cent insulation plate is obtained.
• the connection between the overlap joints is provided by means of e.g. a water proof glue.
• the clamping device 27 is located just in front of such a joint, whereby a good pressing between the jointing pieces is obtained.
• a second embodiment shown in fig.
• the lining 10 is supported by a number of supporting means 14, which consist of beams 18 which are arranged in longi ⁇ tudinal lines, which in turn are secured to the rock face 15 by rock bolts 13.
• the supporting means 14 also comprise connection devices 17, which are constituted by short tube pieces 33 with larger internal extension than the beams 18, which may be constituted by steel profile beams, with e.g. rectangular cross section.
• the connection devices that is in this embodiment the tube pieces 33, are secured to the securing means 16 of the rock bolts in such a way, that they are spaced from the rock face 15, and such that the beams 14 can be pushed into these forming a system of beams of prefe ⁇ rably parallel lines.
• connection devices 17 may be provided with a clamp screw, which acts on the beam 18.
• a threaded pin 36 On the side of the connection device 17 facing inwards, that is on the side which is turned from the rock face 15, perpendi ⁇ cular to this can be provided a threaded pin 36, on to which the lining 10 can be threaded, in the same way as has been described above in connection with the first embodiment.
• the distance between the connec ⁇ tion devices 17 can be larger than the center distance between the clamping device 27, which support the lining 10.
• tube pieces 35 which lack the connection with the rock bolt 13, and thus are freely displaceable along the beam 18, so that an app ⁇ ropriate position with respect to the lining can be obtai ⁇ ned.
• the tube pieces 35 are provided each with a threaded pin 36, as an attachment for the lining.
• the embodiment according to fig. 6 - 13 differs from the previous embodiment in that the reinforcement nets 12 and the insulation 11 is kept together by a number of clamping means 27, which in this embodiment - fig. 11 - is constitu- ted by yokes 19, which at both ends are formed with hookes, of which one is axially displaceable with respect to the fixed hook and can be tightened by means of a nut.
• the yokes 19 can also be used to connect the lining with the connec ⁇ tion device 17, the threaded pin 36 of which for this purpo ⁇ se at one of its free ends is formed with a hook, which is hooked into one of the hooks of the yoke 19.
• connection device 17 formed as a tightening device 32, the gripping jaws 37 of which can be tightened by means of a link 38, e.g. in the form of a screw and nut.
• the screw can be an extension of the rock bolt 13, If the tightening device is going to be connected to the rock face or as well be that part which connects the clamping means 27 with the connec ⁇ tion device 17.
• the screw 38 can also be in itself the securing means (corresponding to the attachment device 16) which supports the lining 10.
• the link 38 also in a third embodiment has the form of a hook, which can be hooked to the beam 18.
• a thin layer of spray concrete can be applied, to reduce the fire hazard, and to reinforce the construction.
• a fire protection is required e.g. in tunnels for road traffic, while on the other hand in e.g. train tunnels the the fire protection has not be as extensive.
• the sprayed concrete 20 can be excluded, whereby the nets 12 function merely as reinforcement of the insulation 11.
• the net 12 also functions as a reinforcement of the concrete layer.
• the joints between adjacent linings 10 either can be a dummy joints or overlapping joints (fig. 9) and are preferably glued to obtain the necessary density. If the outermost reinforcement net 12 is to be covered by a concrete layer, e.g. every second joint according to fig. 8 and 10 can be formed as a so called "concrete rib" 21, that is a beam between the edges of the insulating boards 11, which is provided by a recess between the boards, which is filled with sprayed concrete.
• the mounting of the lining according to the invention is performed in the following way.
• the rock bolts 16 are attac ⁇ hed in the rock- face 5 and to these the beams are attached by means of the connection devices 17 in oriented lines, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
• a sprayed concrete layer thereafter is applied on the inside of the lining if a fire protection is desired.
• the construction according to the invention fulfils high requirements, it is proof against leaking water, even in the joints, since the lining is substantially plane or possibly single- curved. It isolates against frost, so that water which leaks out of the rock will run along the backside of the lining down to the drain-pipe. It protects against falling rock through the "tough" construction which is provided by means of reinforcement nets on both sides of the insulation. It can be provided with an acceptable fire protection. It can be made resistant by suitable choice of material. It also stands variations at pressure stresses. It can also be repaired after damage, since it is possible to replace separate insulation plates. It can also be adapted to tunnels with different cross sections and dimensions.
• rock bolt support means e.g. rock bolt 13 or beam 18 rock face attachment device connection device beam yoke sprayed concrete concrete rib spacing means l:st nut l:st support washer clamping device 2:nd support washer 2:nd nut overlap joint joint piece tightening device tube piece clamp screw tube piece threaded pin face plate jaw link

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
• Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
• Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (4)

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Citations (3)

• 1990
  • 1990-02-23 SE SE9000655A patent/SE465586B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1991
  • 1991-02-25 EP EP19910905234 patent/EP0515549A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-02-25 WO PCT/SE1991/000147 patent/WO1991013239A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1992
  • 1992-08-21 FI FI923763A patent/FI923763A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (3)

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