WO1991008830A1 - Device for dispersion of pulverulent solid in a fluid - Google Patents

Device for dispersion of pulverulent solid in a fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991008830A1
WO1991008830A1 PCT/FR1990/000894 FR9000894W WO9108830A1 WO 1991008830 A1 WO1991008830 A1 WO 1991008830A1 FR 9000894 W FR9000894 W FR 9000894W WO 9108830 A1 WO9108830 A1 WO 9108830A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
solid
enclosure
pressure
generating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1990/000894
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Norbert Fargere
Original Assignee
ETAT FRANÇAIS représenté par le DELEGUE GENERAL POUR L'ARMEMENT
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETAT FRANÇAIS représenté par le DELEGUE GENERAL POUR L'ARMEMENT filed Critical ETAT FRANÇAIS représenté par le DELEGUE GENERAL POUR L'ARMEMENT
Publication of WO1991008830A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991008830A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B01F23/56—Mixing liquids with solids by introducing solids in liquids, e.g. dispersing or dissolving

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of devices for dispersing solid particles in a fluid.
  • a dispersing device must make it possible, for example, to overcome the difficulty of preserving certain unstable chemicals over a long period.
  • the dispersion of solid in a liquid can, by integration, promote the charge of this liquid (coloring, etc.)
  • US-A-4,009,005 describes a method for dispersing a particular solid, trichlorocyanuric and isocyanuric acid, in a particular liquid, sodium hydroxide. For this, we use a reactor containing the liqui ⁇ maintained under constant stirring and the soli ⁇ is introduced using a recycling of the liquid. The dispersion is therefore carried out over time and not instantaneously.
  • Patent EP-A-102 333 also describes a method for dispersing a solid using a centrifugation means.
  • the dispersion is obtained as above over time and not instantaneously.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device for dispersing a solid in a low density fluid in which the dispersion is rapid and immediate, inducing a homogeneous and isotropic mixture.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for dispersing particles of a pulverulent solid in a low density fluid of between approximately 0.5 and 1.7, characterized in that it comprises a first enclosure containing the pulverulent solid, a second enclosure disposed near the first and containing the fluid and means for generating a pressure of the order of 1 MPa at the level of the pulverulent solid to project it into the fluid, the volume of the first enclosure being less than the volume of the second.
  • the means for generating the pressure can be constituted by a pyrotechnic composition confined action ⁇ ing, by the combustion gases generated, a means for projecting the solid into the fluid.
  • the first enclosure can be integrated into a cylinder in the vicinity of its end adjacent to the second enclosure.
  • the means for generating the pressure can be integrated into the cylinder, the pyrotechnic composition being placed at the other end of the cylinder.
  • the projection means can be constituted by a piston extended by an ejection plate and a rod extending within the pulverulent solid contained in the first chamber, the piston being actuated by the pressure of the gases in the cylinder.
  • the first and second chambers can be closed in a sealed manner each by a sealed wall successively fractured by the rod, then by the ejection plate to put the two chambers in communication and to introduce the solid into the fluid.
  • the first enclosure may be embedded in the second enclosure and may have a weakened bottom, the means for generating the pressure being integrated in the first enclosure.
  • the means for generating the pressure may consist of a powder cylinder fixed to a cover of the first chamber and surrounded by a tube fixed at its end closed to the cover, the other end being open.
  • the projection means can be constituted by a tubular sheath mounted tight and sliding relative to the tube, the bottom of which covers the open end of the tube, and the neck of which is secured to an ejection plate adjacent to the cover.
  • the pyrotechnic composition can be black powder, the powdery solid of talc and the fluid a hydro ⁇ carbide.
  • An advantage of the present invention lies in the causes the dispersion to take place in less than 1 millisecond.
  • the final product can be immediately used to avoid all risks of accidents due to the use of a pressurized fluid enclosure in the context of a confined exothermic reaction.
  • Another advantage lies in the simplicity of assembling the two chambers to implement a reaction between solid and fluid.
  • Another advantage is the surprising ratio obtained by mass dispersed over mass by the disperser. This report acquires its full interest in the case of the use of an on-board disperser, for example on board an aircraft.
  • Another advantage lies in the aging time which is equivalent to that of the pyrotechnic composition, of the powder to be dispersed and of the receiving fluid.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section illus ⁇ trant another embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • optimization of the disperser is based on two overriding criteria: the unladen mass and the quality of the dispersion.
  • the functions "setting in motion” and guiding the piston represent volumes and masses which should be carefully controlled.
  • the design of the parts provided rant these functions allows to considerably reduce the mass to vi ⁇ of the disperser.
  • the combustion chamber therefore consists of a fixed part (powder cylinder) and a movable part (piston and ejector plate) playing the role of fracturer and disperser.
  • the powder holder cylinder is open at one end, which makes it possible, when using the device, to increase the volume of the combustion chamber.
  • the adaptation of a powder-holding tube makes it possible to reduce the risks of inadvertent explosion by its installation at the last moment.
  • the guide associated with the ejector plate sliding along the fixed part of the combustion chamber, prevents contact between the solid and the gases confined in the chamber.
  • the watertightness of the disperser is guaranteed by threads with a gas profile, machined on the parts. Seals at the interfaces are ensured by flat seals to be adapted to the products.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a longitu ⁇ dinal section of the device according to the invention where we see a storage element surmounting an expansion part 2 itself linked to a bearing structure 3.
  • Part 1 consists of a cylinder 4 comprising three chambers 5, 6 and 7.
  • the chamber 5 is said to be a combustion chamber, because it contains the pyrotechnic composition A generating a gas pressure. Its volume is of the order of 300 cm ⁇ t it can contain about 25 g of black powder.
  • the black powder is chosen for the simplicity of its ignition, the risk of interaction between the gases and the solid being zero.
  • the characteristics and composition of the black powder used for the feasibility tests are: potential 755 cal / g force 0.250 MJ / kg composition 74% potassium nitrate
  • Chamber 6 contains the piston 8 and ensures its guiding.
  • the piston 8 is hollow to provide an additional volume of expansion of the combustion gases.
  • the seal between the piston 8 and the chamber 6 is improved by the seal 12.
  • the piston 8 carries at its solid end a plate 9 and a rod 10 which fixes the plate to the piston.
  • the rod 10 extends in the chamber 7 which contains the solid compound B. Its volume is of the order of 300 cm.
  • the length of this rod must be at most equal to the length (1) of the chamber 7.
  • the length of the piston is such that the stop ring limits its travel via the plate while the seal is still located in the guide chamber. There is therefore no contact between the combustion gases and the pulverulent solid.
  • the chamber 7 is closed by a tight wall 11 of low mechanical resistance which must partially break first by the impact of the rod 10 and then completely by the impact of the plate 9.
  • the cylinder 4 is kept in constant support on a receiving plate 14 using two tie rods 15 and a support and clamping plate 16.
  • the plate 16 has a hole 17 receiving the means for initiating the pyrotechnic composition A.
  • the plates 14 and 15 are advantageously provided with circular recesses in which the ends of the piston 4 are positioned.
  • the plate 14 also has a circular orifice 18 whose diameter is at most equal to the diameter of the chamber 7.
  • the orifice 18 is closed by a sealed wall 13 applied against the plate 14 by a fixing means 19; this last can be presented as shown in the figure by a plate.
  • the expansion part 2 essentially consists of a tank 20 containing the liquid C into which the solid B must be introduced. It is arranged opposite the hole 18 bearing on the starting structure 3 in a vertical static use, as shown in the figure. Two tie rods 21 ensure sufficient space between the structure 3 and the plate 14 to allow the reception of the tank 20. In the case of another use, the tank 20 is closed by an adequate means and fixed on the structure 3 or by sealingly applying the plate 14 using the ti ⁇ rants 21.
  • the operation is as follows: to ensure the mixture of the soldie B contained in the chamber 7 and the liquid C contained in the tank 20, the pyrotechnic composition A of the chamber 5 is initiated.
  • the instantaneous release of gas produced causes the violent propulsion of the piston 8 whose rod 10 successively breaks the plates 11 and 13; then the plate 9 ensures the complete successive rupture of these plates by entraining the solid B and its projection into the liquid C.
  • the solid B can be a talcum powder.
  • a pyrotechnic substance for the implementation of the motor device allowing a violent dispersion of the solid in the fluid, after fracturing of the wall separating them, makes it possible to obtain a rapid, homogeneous and isotropic mixture. substances B and C.
  • a glass tank allowing to visualize the dispersion
  • a steel tank provided with several means of measuring the temperature, the pressure and to take samples.
  • the total time of dispersion of the talc in 1.68 liters of "FLUXELF” is of the order of 430 ms.
  • the pulverulent solid is projected along the axis of the piston 8 also, during the first milliseconds, the dispersion takes place preferably at the expense of the lateral zones.
  • the radius of the dispersion cloud obtained is equal to 40 mm.
  • the bottom of the tank plays the role of deflector and thus ensures good homogenization of the mixture.
  • the part 2 consists of a reservoir 20 containing the liquid A and having a solid wall 23 mu ⁇ denied with an opening at the 'inside which is placed the tank 7 containing the solid B, so as to constitute a compact assembly.
  • the seal between the cover 22 and the tank 24 is obtained thanks to the seal 25 and the seal between the tank 7 and the tank 20 by the seal 26.
  • the fac ⁇ turation means is here constituted by a tubular sheath 27 soli- Daire in translation of a plate 28 placed inside the tank 7.
  • the cover 22 carries a tube 29 screwed to an ex ⁇ end thereon. Inside this tube 29, is placed a powder-carrying tube 30 delimiting with the internal wall of the tube 29 the expansion chamber A.
  • the tube 29 is open at one end and receives the support head 31 of the tube por ⁇ te powder 30.
  • a nut 32 makes it possible to fix the head 31 to the cover 22.
  • the seal between the sheath 27 and the tube 29 is produced by means of the O-ring 33.
  • the tank 7 has a groove 34 to facilitate the rupture of its bottom.
  • the operation is as follows. After initiation of the black powder contained in the tube 30, the combustion gases generate a pressure at the bottom of the sleeve 27, which causes the translation of the latter relative to the tube 29, the rupture of the bottom of the tank 7. Simultaneously, the plate 28 slides in the tank 7 driving the solid B into the enclosure 20. The bottom of the tank 7 detached and deformed sinks into the liquid C, creating turbulence therein facilitating the mixture, followed by the powdery solid pushed by the plate 28.
  • This new concept of solid-liquid disperser based on a pyrotechnic option and on an original propulsion system allows to achieve a rapid dispersion of the solid in the fluid, compatible with the requirements of homogenization of the mixture of reaction speed and mechanical resistance, imposed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for dispersing particles of a pulverulent solid in a low density fluid, for example comprised between 0.5 and 1.7. It has a first housing (7) containing the pulverulent solid, a second housing (20) arranged at the vicinity of the first housing and containing the fluid, and means (5, 8, 10) which generate a pressure of approximately 1MPa to the pulverulent solid and which project it in the fluid, the volume of the first housing being smaller than the volume of the second housing. The pressure generating means are comprised of a confined pyrotechnical composition which actuate, via the generated combustion gases, a means for projection of the solid in the fluid. The first housing (7) is integral with a cylinder (4) close to its extremity adjacent to the second housing (20). The pressure generating means are integrated in the cylinder (4), the pyrotechnical composition being placed at the other cylinder extremity. Application to the intimate and rapid mixture of a solid and a liquid fluid.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE DISPERSION D'UN SOLIDE PULVERULENT DANS UN FLUIDE DEVICE FOR DISPERSING A POWDER SOLID IN A FLUID
Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des dispositifs de dispersion des particules solides dans un fluide.The technical sector of the present invention is that of devices for dispersing solid particles in a fluid.
Un dispositif de dispersion doit permettre, à titre d'exemple de pallier la difficulté de conserver certains produits chimiques instables sur une longue durée.A dispersing device must make it possible, for example, to overcome the difficulty of preserving certain unstable chemicals over a long period.
Ainsi, par réaction entre le solide B dispersé dans un liquide C, la synthèse d'un produit liquide P permet d'envisager l'utilisation immédiate de ce produit et d'éviter ainsi les problèmes de dégradation liés à son stockage.Thus, by reaction between the solid B dispersed in a liquid C, the synthesis of a liquid product P makes it possible to envisage the immediate use of this product and thus to avoid the problems of degradation linked to its storage.
D'autre part, la dispersion de solide dans un li¬ quide peut, par intégration, favoriser la charge de ce liquide (coloration,.. )On the other hand, the dispersion of solid in a liquid can, by integration, promote the charge of this liquid (coloring, etc.)
Le brevet US-A-4 009 005 décrit une méthode pour disperser un solide particulier, l'acide trichlorocyanurique et isocyanurique, dans un liquide particulier, l'hydroxyde de sodium. Pour cela, on utilise un réacteur contenant le liqui¬ de maintenu sous agitation constante et on introduit le soli¬ de à l'aide d'un recyclage du liquide. La dispersion est donc réalisée au cours du temps et non pas instantanément.US-A-4,009,005 describes a method for dispersing a particular solid, trichlorocyanuric and isocyanuric acid, in a particular liquid, sodium hydroxide. For this, we use a reactor containing the liqui¬ maintained under constant stirring and the soli¬ is introduced using a recycling of the liquid. The dispersion is therefore carried out over time and not instantaneously.
Le brevet EP-A- 102 333 décrit également une métho¬ de de dispersion d'un solide mettant en oeuvre un moyen de centrifugation. La dispersion est obtenue comme précédemment au cours du temps er non pas intantanément. Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif de dispersion d'un solide dans un fluide de faible dβnsité dans lequel la dispersion est rapide et immédiate, induisant un mélange homogène et isotrope.Patent EP-A-102 333 also describes a method for dispersing a solid using a centrifugation means. The dispersion is obtained as above over time and not instantaneously. The object of the present invention is to provide a device for dispersing a solid in a low density fluid in which the dispersion is rapid and immediate, inducing a homogeneous and isotropic mixture.
L'invention a donc pour but un dispositif pour dis- perser des particules d'un solide pulvérulent dans un fluide de faible densité comprise entre environ 0,5 et 1,7, caracté¬ risé en ce qu'il comprend une première enceinte renfermant le solide pulvérulent, une seconde enceinte disposée à proximité de la première et renfermant le fluide et des moyens pour en- gendrer une pression de l'ordre de 1 MPa au niveau du solide pulvérulent pour le projeter dans le fluide, le volume de la première enceinte étant inférieur au volume de la seconde. -The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for dispersing particles of a pulverulent solid in a low density fluid of between approximately 0.5 and 1.7, characterized in that it comprises a first enclosure containing the pulverulent solid, a second enclosure disposed near the first and containing the fluid and means for generating a pressure of the order of 1 MPa at the level of the pulverulent solid to project it into the fluid, the volume of the first enclosure being less than the volume of the second. -
Les moyens pour engendrer la pression peuvent être constitués par une composition pyrotechnique confinée action¬ nant, par les gaz de combustion engendrés, un moyen de pro¬ jection du solide dans le fluide. La première enceinte peut être intégrée à un cylin¬ dre au voisinage de son extrémité adjacente à la seconde en¬ ceinte.The means for generating the pressure can be constituted by a pyrotechnic composition confined action¬ ing, by the combustion gases generated, a means for projecting the solid into the fluid. The first enclosure can be integrated into a cylinder in the vicinity of its end adjacent to the second enclosure.
Les moyens pour engendrer la pression peuvent être intégrés dans le cylindre, la composition pyrotechnique étant placée au niveau de l'autre extrémité du cylindre.The means for generating the pressure can be integrated into the cylinder, the pyrotechnic composition being placed at the other end of the cylinder.
Le moyen de projection peut être constitué par un piston prolongé par une plaque d'éjection et une tige s'étendant au sein du solide pulvérulent contenu dans la pre¬ mière chambre, le piston étant actionné par la pression des gaz dans le cylindre.The projection means can be constituted by a piston extended by an ejection plate and a rod extending within the pulverulent solid contained in the first chamber, the piston being actuated by the pressure of the gases in the cylinder.
Les première et seconde chambres peuvent être fer¬ mées de façon étanche chacune par une paroi étanche fracturée successivement par la tige, puis par la plaque d'éjection pour mettre en communication les deux chambres et introduire le solide dans le fluide.The first and second chambers can be closed in a sealed manner each by a sealed wall successively fractured by the rod, then by the ejection plate to put the two chambers in communication and to introduce the solid into the fluid.
La première enceinte peut être encastrée dans la seconde enceinte et peut présenter un fond fragilisé, les moyens pour engendrer la pression étant intégrés dans la pre¬ mière enceinte. Les moyens pour générer la pression peuvent être constitués par un cylindre de poudre fixé à un couvercle de fβr eture de la première chambre et entouré par un tube fixé à son extrémité fermée au couvercle, l'autre extrémité étant ouverte. Le moyen de projection peut être constitué par un fourreau tubulaire monté étanche et coulissant par rapport au tube, dont le fond coiffe l'extrémité ouverte du tube, et dont le col est solidaire d'une plaque d'éjection adjacente au couvercle. La composition pyrotechnique peut être de la poudre noire, le solide pulvérulent du talc et le fluide un hydro¬ carbure.The first enclosure may be embedded in the second enclosure and may have a weakened bottom, the means for generating the pressure being integrated in the first enclosure. The means for generating the pressure may consist of a powder cylinder fixed to a cover of the first chamber and surrounded by a tube fixed at its end closed to the cover, the other end being open. The projection means can be constituted by a tubular sheath mounted tight and sliding relative to the tube, the bottom of which covers the open end of the tube, and the neck of which is secured to an ejection plate adjacent to the cover. The pyrotechnic composition can be black powder, the powdery solid of talc and the fluid a hydro¬ carbide.
Un avantage de la présente invention réside dans le fait que la dispersion se déroule en un temps inférieur à 1 milliseconde. Ainsi, le produit final peut être immédiatement utilisé pour éviter tous les risques d'accidents dus à l'utilisation d'une enceinte de fluide sous pression dans le cadre d'une réaction exothermique confinée.An advantage of the present invention lies in the causes the dispersion to take place in less than 1 millisecond. Thus, the final product can be immediately used to avoid all risks of accidents due to the use of a pressurized fluid enclosure in the context of a confined exothermic reaction.
Un autre avantage réside dans la simplicité de l'assemblage des deux enceintes pour mettre en oeuvre une réaction entre solide et fluide.Another advantage lies in the simplicity of assembling the two chambers to implement a reaction between solid and fluid.
Un autre avantage réside le rapport surprenant ob- tenu masse dispersée sur masse du disperseur. Ce rapport ac¬ quiert son plein intérêt en cas d'utilisation d'un disperseur embarqué par exemple à bord d'un aéronef.Another advantage is the surprising ratio obtained by mass dispersed over mass by the disperser. This report acquires its full interest in the case of the use of an on-board disperser, for example on board an aircraft.
Un autre avantage réside dans le délai de vieillis¬ sement qui est équivalent à celui de la composition pyrotech- nique, de la poudre à disperser et du fluide récepteur.Another advantage lies in the aging time which is equivalent to that of the pyrotechnic composition, of the powder to be dispersed and of the receiving fluid.
D'autres avantages de l'invention seront mieux com¬ pris à la lecture du complément de description qui va suivre de modes de réalisations données à titre d'illustration en relation avec un dessin sur lequel : - la figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale illus¬ trant un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon 1*invention,Other advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the additional description which follows of embodiments given by way of illustration in relation to a drawing in which: - Figure 1 is a longitudinal section illus ¬ trant an embodiment of the device according to 1 * invention,
- la figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale illus¬ trant un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.- Figure 2 is a longitudinal section illus¬ trant another embodiment of the device according to the invention.
L'intégration de plusieurs fonctions mécaniques dans un dispositif mécanique conduit à un disperseur perfor¬ mant prouvant un rapport masse à vide/masse solide dispersé optimal. Le compromis entre la quantité de poudre A générant une pression optimale et le covolume minimal nécessaire est obtenu grâce à l'amélioration du système de propulsion.The integration of several mechanical functions in a mechanical device leads to a perfor¬ mant disperser proving an optimum unladen mass / dispersed solid mass ratio. The compromise between the quantity of powder A generating an optimal pressure and the minimum covolume necessary is obtained thanks to the improvement of the propulsion system.
L'optimisation du disperseur repose sur deux critè¬ res prépondérants : la masse à vide et la qualité de la dis¬ persion. Les fonctions "mise en mouvement" et guidage du piston représentent des volumes et des masses qu'il convient de maîtriser avec soin.Optimization of the disperser is based on two overriding criteria: the unladen mass and the quality of the dispersion. The functions "setting in motion" and guiding the piston represent volumes and masses which should be carefully controlled.
Selon l'invention, la conception des pièces assu- rant ces fonctions (chambre de Acombustion, fractureur, dispersion) permet de réduire considérablement la masse à vi¬ de du disperseur.According to the invention, the design of the parts provided rant these functions (combustion chamber, fracturer, dispersion) allows to considerably reduce the mass to vi¬ of the disperser.
La chambre de combustion est donc constituée d'une partie fixe (cylindre porte-poudre) et d'une partie mobile (piston et plaque éjectrice) jouant le rôle de fractureur et de disperseur.The combustion chamber therefore consists of a fixed part (powder cylinder) and a movable part (piston and ejector plate) playing the role of fracturer and disperser.
Le cylindre porte poudre est ouvert à une extré¬ mité, ce qui permet lors de la mise en oeuvre du dispositif, d'obtenir une augmentation du volume de la chambre de combus¬ tion.The powder holder cylinder is open at one end, which makes it possible, when using the device, to increase the volume of the combustion chamber.
Ainsi, le compromis entre la pression générée et la masse d'acier nécessaire, optimisé, la réalisation de cette pièce à triple fonction permet pour une masse de poudre fai- ble, d'obtenir une pression optimale générant une dispersion de qualité.Thus, the compromise between the pressure generated and the mass of steel required, optimized, the production of this triple-function part makes it possible, for a low mass of powder, to obtain an optimal pressure generating a quality dispersion.
Par ailleurs, l'adaptation d'un tube porte poudre permet de réduire les risques d'explosion intempestive par sa mise en place au dernier moment. D'autre part, le guide associé à la plaque éjectri¬ ce, coulissant le long de la partie fixe de la chambre de combustion, interdit les contacts entre le solide et les gaz confinés dans la chambre.In addition, the adaptation of a powder-holding tube makes it possible to reduce the risks of inadvertent explosion by its installation at the last moment. On the other hand, the guide associated with the ejector plate, sliding along the fixed part of the combustion chamber, prevents contact between the solid and the gases confined in the chamber.
L'étanchéité du disperseur est garantie par des fi- letages à profil gaz, usinés sur les pièces. Les étanchéités aux interfaces sont assurées par des joints plats à adapter aux produits.The watertightness of the disperser is guaranteed by threads with a gas profile, machined on the parts. Seals at the interfaces are ensured by flat seals to be adapted to the products.
Sur la figure 1, on a représenté une coupe longitu¬ dinale du dispositif selon l'invention où on voit un élément de stockage surmontant une partie d'expansion 2 elle-même liée à une structure portante 3. La partie 1 est constituée d'un cylindre 4 comprenant trois chambres 5, 6 et 7. La cham¬ bre 5 est dite chambre de combustion, car elle renferme la composition pyrotechnique A générant une pression de gaz. Son volume est de l'ordre de 300 cm^ t elle peut contenir envi¬ ron 25 g de poudre noire. On choisit la poudre noire pour la simplicité de son allumage, le risque d'interaction entre les gaz et le solide étant nul. Les caractéristiques et la composition de la poudre noire retenue pour les essais de faisabilité sont : potentiel 755 cal/g force 0,250 MJ/kg composition 74 % nitrate de potassiumIn Figure 1, there is shown a longitu¬ dinal section of the device according to the invention where we see a storage element surmounting an expansion part 2 itself linked to a bearing structure 3. Part 1 consists of a cylinder 4 comprising three chambers 5, 6 and 7. The chamber 5 is said to be a combustion chamber, because it contains the pyrotechnic composition A generating a gas pressure. Its volume is of the order of 300 cm ^ t it can contain about 25 g of black powder. The black powder is chosen for the simplicity of its ignition, the risk of interaction between the gases and the solid being zero. The characteristics and composition of the black powder used for the feasibility tests are: potential 755 cal / g force 0.250 MJ / kg composition 74% potassium nitrate
10,4 % soufre complément de charbon de bois 0,05 % graphite La pression maximale dans cette chambre 5 de com- bustion peut atteindre 16.107 Pa. La chambre 6 renferme le piston 8 et assure un guidage de celui-ci. Le piston 8 est creux pour offrir un volume supplémentaire d'expansion des gaz de combustion. L'étanchéité entre le piston 8 et la chambre 6 est améliorée par le joint d'étanchéité 12. Le pis- ton 8 porte au niveau de son extrémité pleine une plaque 9 et une tige 10 qui fixe la plaque au piston. La tige 10 s'étend dans la chambre 7 qui renferme le composé solide B. Son volu¬ me est de l'ordre de 300 cm- . La longueur de cette tige doit être au plus égale à la longueur (1) de la chambre 7. La longueur du piston est telle que la bague d'arrêt limite sa course par l'intermédiaire de la plaque alors que le joint d'étanchéité se situe encore dans la cham¬ bre de guidage. Il n'y a donc aucun contact entre les gaz de combustion et le solide pulvérulent. La chambre 7 est fermée par une paroi étanche 11 de faible résistance mécanique qui doit se rompre partiellement en premier lieu par l'impact de la lige 10 puis complètement par l'impact de la plaque 9. Le cylindre 4 est maintenu en appui constant sur une plaque de réception 14 à l'aide de deux tirants 15 et d'une plaque 16 d'appui et de serrage. La plaque 16 comporte un trou 17 recevant les moyens d'initia¬ tion de la composition pyrotechnique A. Les plaques 14 et 15 sont munies avantageusement d'évidements circulaires dans lesquelles sont positionnées les extrémités du piston 4. La plaque 14 comporte de plus un orifice circulaire 18 dont le diamètre est au maximum égale au diamètre de la chambre 7. L'orifice 18 est fermé par une paroi étanche 13 appliquée contre la plaque 14 par un moyen de fixation 19 ; ce dernier peut se présenter comme montré sur la figure par une plaque.10.4% sulfur complement of charcoal 0.05% graphite The maximum pressure in this combustion chamber 5 can reach 16.10 7 Pa. Chamber 6 contains the piston 8 and ensures its guiding. The piston 8 is hollow to provide an additional volume of expansion of the combustion gases. The seal between the piston 8 and the chamber 6 is improved by the seal 12. The piston 8 carries at its solid end a plate 9 and a rod 10 which fixes the plate to the piston. The rod 10 extends in the chamber 7 which contains the solid compound B. Its volume is of the order of 300 cm. The length of this rod must be at most equal to the length (1) of the chamber 7. The length of the piston is such that the stop ring limits its travel via the plate while the seal is still located in the guide chamber. There is therefore no contact between the combustion gases and the pulverulent solid. The chamber 7 is closed by a tight wall 11 of low mechanical resistance which must partially break first by the impact of the rod 10 and then completely by the impact of the plate 9. The cylinder 4 is kept in constant support on a receiving plate 14 using two tie rods 15 and a support and clamping plate 16. The plate 16 has a hole 17 receiving the means for initiating the pyrotechnic composition A. The plates 14 and 15 are advantageously provided with circular recesses in which the ends of the piston 4 are positioned. The plate 14 also has a circular orifice 18 whose diameter is at most equal to the diameter of the chamber 7. The orifice 18 is closed by a sealed wall 13 applied against the plate 14 by a fixing means 19; this last can be presented as shown in the figure by a plate.
La partie d'expansion 2 est constituée essentielle¬ ment par une cuve 20 renfermant le liquide C dans lequel le solide B doit être introduit. Elle est disposée en vis-à-vis du trou 18 en appui sur la structure partante 3 dans une uti¬ lisation statique verticale, comme montré sur la figure. Deux tirants 21 permettent d'assurer un espace suffisant entre la structure 3 et la plaque 14 pour permettre la réception de la cuve 20. Dans le cas d'une autre utilisation, la cuve 20 est fermée par un moyen adéquat et fixée sur la structure 3 ou bien par application étanche de la plaque 14 à l'aide des ti¬ rants 21.The expansion part 2 essentially consists of a tank 20 containing the liquid C into which the solid B must be introduced. It is arranged opposite the hole 18 bearing on the starting structure 3 in a vertical static use, as shown in the figure. Two tie rods 21 ensure sufficient space between the structure 3 and the plate 14 to allow the reception of the tank 20. In the case of another use, the tank 20 is closed by an adequate means and fixed on the structure 3 or by sealingly applying the plate 14 using the ti¬ rants 21.
Le fonctionnement est le suivant : pour assurer le mélange du soldie B contenu dans la chambre 7 et du liquide C contenu dans la cuve 20, on provoque l'initiation de la com¬ position pyrotechnique A de la chambre 5. Le dégagement ins¬ tantané de gaz produit entraîne la propulsion violente du piston 8 dont la tige 10 rompt successivement les plaques 11 et 13 ; puis la plaque 9 assure la rupture complète successi- ve de ces plaques en entraînant le solide B et sa projection dans le liquide C.The operation is as follows: to ensure the mixture of the soldie B contained in the chamber 7 and the liquid C contained in the tank 20, the pyrotechnic composition A of the chamber 5 is initiated. The instantaneous release of gas produced causes the violent propulsion of the piston 8 whose rod 10 successively breaks the plates 11 and 13; then the plate 9 ensures the complete successive rupture of these plates by entraining the solid B and its projection into the liquid C.
A titre indicatif, le solide B peut être une poudre de talc. Ainsi, l'utilisation d'une substance pyrotechnique pour la mise en oeuvre du dispositif moteur permettant une dispersion violente du solide dans le fluide, après fractura- tion-de la paroi les séparant, permet d'obtenir un mélange rapide, homogène et isotrope des substances B et C.As an indication, the solid B can be a talcum powder. Thus, the use of a pyrotechnic substance for the implementation of the motor device allowing a violent dispersion of the solid in the fluid, after fracturing of the wall separating them, makes it possible to obtain a rapid, homogeneous and isotropic mixture. substances B and C.
Les essais de faisabilité sont effectués en disper¬ sant du talc dans un liquide du type hydrocarbure, connu sous la dénomination commerciale "Fluxelf" (mouillant du solide pulvérulent), ayant une densité de 0,8. Deux types de cuve sont utilisés :The feasibility tests are carried out by dispersing talc in a liquid of the hydrocarbon type, known under the trade name "Fluxelf" (wetting the pulverulent solid), having a density of 0.8. Two types of tank are used:
1. Une cuve en verre permettant de visualiser la dispersion, 2. Une cuve en acier munie de plusieurs moyens de mesure de la température, de la pression et pour effectuer des prélèvements.1. A glass tank allowing to visualize the dispersion, 2. A steel tank provided with several means of measuring the temperature, the pressure and to take samples.
Le bon fonctionnement ainsi que la résistance éca- 4 nique du dispositif ont été vérifiés par une série de tirs en bunker.The good functioning as well as the resistance 4 devices were checked by a series of bunker shots.
Les nombreux films réalisés au moyen d'une caméra rapide HYCAM, sur des tirs en chambre d'explosion, montrent que ce système à propulsion permet une dispersion de qualité et une homogénéisation rapide du mélange.The numerous films produced using a HYCAM rapid camera, on shots in an explosion chamber, show that this propulsion system allows quality dispersion and rapid homogenization of the mixture.
Ainsi pour un essai, employant une quantité de pou¬ dre noire (PNg) égale à 3 g, le temps total de dispersion du talc dans 1,68 litres de "FLUXELF", est de l'ordre de 430 ms. Le solide pulvérulent est projeté suivant l'axe du piston 8 aussi, durant les premières millisecondes, la dis¬ persion s'effectue préférentiellement au détriment des zones latérales. Le rayon du nuage de dispersion obtenu est égal à 40 mm. Cependant le fond de la cuve joue le rôle de dé¬ flecteur et assure ainsi une bonne homogénéisation du mélan¬ ge.Thus for a test, using a quantity of black powder (PNg) equal to 3 g, the total time of dispersion of the talc in 1.68 liters of "FLUXELF", is of the order of 430 ms. The pulverulent solid is projected along the axis of the piston 8 also, during the first milliseconds, the dispersion takes place preferably at the expense of the lateral zones. The radius of the dispersion cloud obtained is equal to 40 mm. However, the bottom of the tank plays the role of deflector and thus ensures good homogenization of the mixture.
L'optimisation du système de propulsion dans le cas du prototype permet de supprimer ce problème. En effet, le rapport rayon nuage dispersé/rayon disperseur obtenu, permet de s'attendre à obtenir une disper¬ sion sans direction privilégiée du solide dans le fluide. Les problèmes d'adaptation du système et de sa motorisation aux critères physiques du conteneur, afin que la fonction de dé- flecteur ait lieu, seraient ainsi supprimés, car la disper¬ sion serait par définition isotrope. z Sur la figure 2, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation du disperseur selon l'invention dans lequel l'intégration des trois chambres a été améliorée. En effet, l'élément de stockage 1 est placé à l'intérieur de la partie expansion 2. La partie 2 est constituée d'un réservoir 20 renfermant le liquide A et présentant une paroi pleine 23 mu¬ nie d'une ouverture à l'intérieur de laquelle est placée la cuve 7 renfermant le solide B, de façon a constituer un en- semble compact. L'étanchéité entre le couvercle 22 et la cuve 24 est obtenue grâce au joint 25 et l'étanchéité entre la cuve 7 et le réservoir 20 par le joint 26. Le moyen de fac¬ turation est ici constitué par un fourreau tubulaire 27 soli- daire en translation d'une plaque 28 placée à l'intérieur de la cuve 7. Le couvercle 22 porte un tube 29 vissé à une ex¬ trémité sur celui-ci. A l'intérieur de ce tube 29, est placé un tube porte poudre 30 délimitant avec la paroi interne du tube 29 la chambre d'expansion A. Le tube 29 est ouvert à une extrémité et reçoit à l'autre la tête support 31 du tube por¬ te poudre 30. Un écrou 32 permet de fixer la tête 31 au cou¬ vercle 22. L'étanchéité entre le fourreau 27 et le tube 29 est réalisée grâce au joint torique 33. La cuve 7 comporte une rainure 34 pour faciliter la rupture de son fond.Optimizing the propulsion system in the case of the prototype eliminates this problem. Indeed, the ratio of dispersed cloud radius / dispersing radius obtained, makes it possible to expect to obtain a dispersion without preferred direction of the solid in the fluid. The problems of adapting the system and its motorization to the physical criteria of the container, so that the deflector function takes place, would thus be eliminated, since the dispersion would by definition be isotropic. z In FIG. 2, another embodiment of the disperser according to the invention is shown in which the integration of the three chambers has been improved. Indeed, the storage element 1 is placed inside the expansion part 2. The part 2 consists of a reservoir 20 containing the liquid A and having a solid wall 23 mu¬ denied with an opening at the 'inside which is placed the tank 7 containing the solid B, so as to constitute a compact assembly. The seal between the cover 22 and the tank 24 is obtained thanks to the seal 25 and the seal between the tank 7 and the tank 20 by the seal 26. The fac¬ turation means is here constituted by a tubular sheath 27 soli- Daire in translation of a plate 28 placed inside the tank 7. The cover 22 carries a tube 29 screwed to an ex¬ end thereon. Inside this tube 29, is placed a powder-carrying tube 30 delimiting with the internal wall of the tube 29 the expansion chamber A. The tube 29 is open at one end and receives the support head 31 of the tube por¬ te powder 30. A nut 32 makes it possible to fix the head 31 to the cover 22. The seal between the sheath 27 and the tube 29 is produced by means of the O-ring 33. The tank 7 has a groove 34 to facilitate the rupture of its bottom.
Le fonctionnement est le suivant. Après initiation de la poudre noire contenue dans le tube 30, les gaz de com¬ bustion génèrent une pression au niveau du fond du fourreau 27, ce qui provoque la translation de celui-ci par rapport au tube 29, la rupture du fond de la cuve 7. Simultanément, la plaque 28 coulisse dans la cuve 7 entraînant le solide B dans l'enceinte 20. Le fond de la cuve 7 détaché et déformé s'enfonce dans le liquide C en y créant des turbulences faci¬ litant le mélange, suivit par le solide pulvérulent poussé par la plaque 28.The operation is as follows. After initiation of the black powder contained in the tube 30, the combustion gases generate a pressure at the bottom of the sleeve 27, which causes the translation of the latter relative to the tube 29, the rupture of the bottom of the tank 7. Simultaneously, the plate 28 slides in the tank 7 driving the solid B into the enclosure 20. The bottom of the tank 7 detached and deformed sinks into the liquid C, creating turbulence therein facilitating the mixture, followed by the powdery solid pushed by the plate 28.
Ce nouveau concept de disperseur solide-liquide, s'appuyant sur une option pyrotechnique et sur un système de propulsion original permet d'atteindre une dispersion rapide du solide dans le fluide, compatible avec les impératifs d'homogénéisation du mélange de vitesse réactionnelle et de résistance mécanique, imposés.This new concept of solid-liquid disperser, based on a pyrotechnic option and on an original propulsion system allows to achieve a rapid dispersion of the solid in the fluid, compatible with the requirements of homogenization of the mixture of reaction speed and mechanical resistance, imposed.
L'optimisation des dispositifs moteur mis en oeuvre par des voies pyrotechniques permet de réaliser un appareil de dispersion le plus léger possible, pouvant être assemblé simplement et rapidement, si nécessaire à un autre sous- ensemble (cuve). The optimization of the engine devices implemented by pyrotechnic means makes it possible to produce the lightest possible dispersion device, which can be assembled simply and quickly, if necessary to another sub-assembly (tank).

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1 - Dispositif pour disperser des particules d'un solide pulvérulent dans un fluide de faible densité comprise entre environ 0,5 et 1,7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première enceinte (7) renfermant le solide pulvérulent, une seconde enceinte (20) disposée à proximité de la première et renfermant le fluide et des moyens (5, 8, 10) pour engen¬ drer une pression de l'ordre de 1 MPa au niveau du solide pulvérulent et le projeter dans le fluide, le volume de la première enceinte étant inférieur au volume de la seconde. 2 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caracté¬ risé en ce que les moyens pour engendrer la pression sont constitués par une composition pyrotechnique confinée action¬ nant, par les gaz de combustion engendrés, un moyen de pro¬ jection du solide dans le fluide. 3 - Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caracté¬ risé en ce que la première enceinte (7) est intégrée à un cy¬ lindre (4) au voisinage de son extrémité adjacente à la seconde enceinte (20).1 - Device for dispersing particles of a pulverulent solid in a low density fluid of between approximately 0.5 and 1.7, characterized in that it comprises a first enclosure (7) containing the pulverulent solid, a second enclosure (20) disposed near the first and containing the fluid and means (5, 8, 10) for generating a pressure of the order of 1 MPa at the level of the pulverulent solid and projecting it into the fluid, the volume of the first enclosure being less than the volume of the second. 2 - Device according to claim 1, caracté¬ ized in that the means for generating the pressure consist of a pyrotechnic composition confined action¬ nant, by the combustion gases generated, a means of pro¬ jection of the solid in the fluid. 3 - Device according to claim 2, caracté¬ ized in that the first enclosure (7) is integrated into a cy¬ lindre (4) in the vicinity of its end adjacent to the second enclosure (20).
4 - Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caracté- risé en ce que les moyens pour engendrer la pression sont in¬ tégrés dans le cylindre, la composition pyrotechnique étant placée au niveau de l'autre extrémité du cylindre.4 - Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for generating the pressure are integrated in the cylinder, the pyrotechnic composition being placed at the other end of the cylinder.
5 - Dispositif selon la revendication 3 ou 4, ca¬ ractérisé en ce que le moyen de projection est constitué par un, piston (8) prolongé par une plaque d'éjection (9) et une tige (10) s'étendant au sein du solide pulvérulent contenu dans la première chambre (7), le piston étant actionné par la pression des gaz dans le cylindre.5 - Device according to claim 3 or 4, ca¬ characterized in that the projection means is constituted by a piston (8) extended by an ejection plate (9) and a rod (10) extending within powdery solid contained in the first chamber (7), the piston being actuated by the pressure of the gases in the cylinder.
6 - Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caracté- risé en ce que les première et seconde chambres sont fermées de façon étanche chacune par une paroi étanche (9, 13) frac¬ turées successivement par la tige (10), puis par la plaque d'éjection (9) pour mettre en communication les deux chambres et introduire le solide dans le fluide. 7 - Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caracté¬ risé en ce que la première enceinte (7) est encastrée ou rajoutée dans la seconde enceinte et présente un fond fragi¬ lisé, les moyens pour engendrer la pression étant intégrés dans la première enceinte.6 - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the first and second chambers are closed in sealed manner each by a sealed wall (9, 13) frac¬ turées successively by the rod (10), then by the plate d ejection (9) to connect the two chambers and introduce the solid into the fluid. 7 - Device according to claim 2, caracté¬ ized in that the first enclosure (7) is embedded or added in the second enclosure and has a fragile bottom, the means for generating the pressure being integrated in the first enclosure.
8 - Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caracté- risé en ce que les moyens pour générer la pression sont cons¬ titués par un tube porte poudre (30) fixé à un couvercle (22) de fermeture de la première chambre (7) et entouré par un tu¬ be (29) fixé à son extrémité fermée au couvercle, l'autre ex¬ trémité étant ouverte. 9 - Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caracté-8 - Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for generating the pressure are constituted by a powder holder tube (30) fixed to a cover (22) for closing the first chamber (7) and surrounded by a tu¬ be (29) fixed at its closed end to the cover, the other end being open. 9 - Device according to claim 8, character-
• risé en ce que le moyen de projection est constitué par un fourreau tubulaire (27) monté étanche et coulissant par rap¬ port au tube (29), dont le fond coiffe l'extrémité ouverte du tube, et dont le col est solidaire d'une plaque d'éjection (28) adjacente au couvercle (22). • laughed in that the projection means is constituted by a tubular sheath (27) mounted leaktight and sliding relative to the tube (29), the bottom of which covers the open end of the tube, and the neck of which is secured to 'an ejection plate (28) adjacent to the cover (22).
10 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendi¬ cations 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la composition pyrotech¬ nique est de la poudre noire, le solide pulvérulent est du talc et le fluide un hydrocarbure. 10 - Device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the pyrotechnic composition is black powder, the pulverulent solid is talc and the fluid a hydrocarbon.
PCT/FR1990/000894 1989-12-07 1990-12-07 Device for dispersion of pulverulent solid in a fluid WO1991008830A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8916213A FR2655566B1 (en) 1989-12-07 1989-12-07 DEVICE FOR DISPERSING A POWDER SOLID IN A FLUID.
FR89/16213 1989-12-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991008830A1 true WO1991008830A1 (en) 1991-06-27

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EP (1) EP0458953A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2655566B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991008830A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2719787A1 (en) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-17 Air Liquide Prodn. of gaseous mixt. with small amt. of one gas mixed with carrier gas

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1011191A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-11-24 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices
GB1011194A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-11-24 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of gaseous mixtures
GB1011193A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-11-24 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of gaseous mixtures
US4463875A (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-08-07 Robert W. Mann Method and apparatus for preparing and applying a two-component cement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1011191A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-11-24 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices
GB1011194A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-11-24 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of gaseous mixtures
GB1011193A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-11-24 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of gaseous mixtures
US4463875A (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-08-07 Robert W. Mann Method and apparatus for preparing and applying a two-component cement

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2719787A1 (en) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-17 Air Liquide Prodn. of gaseous mixt. with small amt. of one gas mixed with carrier gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2655566A1 (en) 1991-06-14
FR2655566B1 (en) 1992-02-07
EP0458953A1 (en) 1991-12-04

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