WO1991000012A1 - Microbes pour lutter contre les parasites - Google Patents

Microbes pour lutter contre les parasites Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991000012A1
WO1991000012A1 PCT/GB1990/000033 GB9000033W WO9100012A1 WO 1991000012 A1 WO1991000012 A1 WO 1991000012A1 GB 9000033 W GB9000033 W GB 9000033W WO 9100012 A1 WO9100012 A1 WO 9100012A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cyanide
agent
violaceum
controlling
locus
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1990/000033
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Howard Slater
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB8914802A external-priority patent/GB2220419B/en
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Plc filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Plc
Priority to CA2064021A priority Critical patent/CA2064021A1/fr
Publication of WO1991000012A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991000012A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/27—Pseudomonas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the control of pests and to biocontrol agents.
  • slug control is of major economic importance, especially if it could be accomplished in a cost-effective fashion in agriculture. Normally at present in agriculture the most effective control is to introduce appropriate crop management practices to minimize slug population development. Biological control using bird populations has been considered but is largely impractical.
  • Chemical control using compounds such as metaldehyde and various carbonates is the most effective method of slug control.
  • Methods have been developed to mix toxicants with an attractant such as bran or wheat meal in order to form a lethal bait. This is the basis of many.pellet products available for home gardeners and horticulturists.
  • pellets may contain other chemicals such as surfactants which improve the rate of toxicant assimilation by the slugs, and enable lower concentrations of toxicant to be used to obtain an effective kill.
  • a major difficulty with these baits is that the chemicals are frequently toxic to other non-target animals which accidentally consume slug pellets.
  • molluscs may be of significant economic importance and their control would be valuable.
  • another pul onate gastropod, Biophalaria glabrata has been identified as the freshwater snail responsible for the transmission, as the intermediate host, of the trematode, Schistosoma mansoni , which causes the disease ⁇ chistosomiasi ⁇ .
  • the control of snail populations by compounds such as copper sulphate, calcium oxide, calcium cyanamide and ammonium sulphate is currently used to combat schistosomiasi ⁇ .
  • control of slugs and snails, and indeed other mollusca, i ⁇ important are important.
  • biocontrol which ha ⁇ been considered is the use of selected microorganisms.
  • icrobial biocontrol i ⁇ the selected, targetted use of one or more microorganisms, acting singly or as a consortium, which cause damage or di ⁇ ea ⁇ e to the target organism.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis to control selectively gipsy moths by killing their feeding caterpillar stage is a major mechani ⁇ m.
  • Different ⁇ train ⁇ of B. thuringien ⁇ i ⁇ have now been identified which attack and kill different target in ⁇ ect population ⁇ .
  • ca ⁇ e ⁇ microbial biocontrol represents the controlled use of opportunistic pathogens or pathogen ⁇ which normally attack the target organism. They may indeed be part of the natural microflora, either external or internal (e.g. the gut) of the target pe ⁇ t.
  • Normally potential microbial biocontrol agent ⁇ are identified by i ⁇ olating icroorgani ⁇ m ⁇ obtained from dead or dying target organi ⁇ m ⁇ , it being a rea ⁇ onable a ⁇ umption that the dominant microbial population could be the cau ⁇ ative agent in the death of the target organi ⁇ m.
  • a method of controlling at a locus a pest having an oxygen- dependent respiratory ⁇ y ⁇ tem which method compri ⁇ e ⁇ applying to the locu ⁇ a cyanide-producing microorgani ⁇ m.
  • the invention al ⁇ o provides a biocontrol agent comprising a cyanide-producing microorganism, an agriculturally or horticulturally acceptable carrier or diluent and, optionally, a substrate for cyanide generation.
  • the locu ⁇ at which the pest i ⁇ controlled may be any habitat where the pe ⁇ t i ⁇ to be found, for example on the ground on agricultural or horticultural land, or in gardens and small holdings.
  • the site within the ⁇ e habitat ⁇ can be further selected, e.g. under rocks, or under leaves or the fruit of plants.
  • the invention i ⁇ particularly concerned with the control of molluscs, especially slugs. However, it may be used to control any other animals with an oxygen-dependent respiratory system. It may therefore be applied to aphids, for example.
  • the pe ⁇ t ⁇ inge ⁇ t the cyanide-producing microorganism and die a ⁇ a result of cyanide release.
  • the introduction of cyanide is therefore highly targetted. It is specifically targetted to the pest animal so there i ⁇ no risk of indiscriminate release of cyanide.
  • the cyanide-producing microorganism i ⁇ applied to a locu ⁇ to kill the pests.
  • Cyanide is formed by the decarboxylation of glycine:
  • the microorganism may be any ⁇ uitable cyanide-producing bacteria that occur ⁇ naturally. Since cyanide-producing microbe ⁇ are them ⁇ elves susceptible to the toxic influences of cyanide (produced by their own metabolism) it may be appropriate to select naturally-occuring ⁇ train ⁇ or mutants which are able to tolerate higher levels of cyanide, for example 0.2 to 2.0 M and preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 M cyanide. Cyanide-producing bacteria able to re ⁇ i ⁇ t higher level ⁇ of cyanide are capable of generating higher concentrations of cyanide as a result of continued metabolism before their own sensitivity terminates cyanide production.
  • Bacteria may be used including pseudomonad ⁇ , ⁇ uch as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and strains of Chromobacterium violaceum. It i ⁇ well established that infection of burn wounds by Pseudomonas aeruginosa leading to general septicaemia results in death, probably as a result of cyanide toxicity caused by the bacterium. Chromobacterium violaceum regularly infects animals, probably as a result of ingesting water or soil containing the organism.
  • Chromobacterium violaceum NCIMB 9131 (Rodgers and Knowles, J. Gen. Microbiol. 108, 261-267, 1978; Bunch and Knowles, J. Gen. Microbiol. 128, 2675-2680, 1982).
  • Other suitable strains of Chromobacterium violaceum can be isolated according to the procedures described by Moss and Ryall (1981).
  • a lawn of a parent strain of bacteria which are slightly resi ⁇ tant to cyanide may be allowed to form over the ⁇ urface of a solid growth medium, e.g. nutrient agar.
  • the medium either contains cyanide, or cyanide is then added.
  • the surface contains more than one concetration of cyanide, mo ⁇ t preferably a gradient of cyanide concentration ⁇ , e.g. a continuou ⁇ gradient.
  • Thi ⁇ may be achieved, for example, by cutting a small well in the nutrient agar and filling the well with a suitable concentration of a cyanide solution.
  • Cyanide diffuses into the solid growth medium away from the well establi ⁇ hing a concentration gradient.
  • one region of the surface contains a concentration of cyanide, e.g. 0.2 to 2.0 M, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 M in which the parent ⁇ train would not be expected to grow.
  • This i ⁇ ⁇ een a ⁇ a clear zone in which no parent organi ⁇ ms can grow surrounded by a region of growth of the lawn.
  • colonie ⁇ of bacteria which do grow in the ⁇ e region ⁇ of high concentrations of cyanide
  • ⁇ train ⁇ of bacteria which are tolerant to higher level ⁇ of cyanide than the parent ⁇ train may be ⁇ elected.
  • Thi ⁇ procedure may be repeated any number of time ⁇ to improve gradually the cyanide re ⁇ i ⁇ tance propertie ⁇ of the mutant ⁇ derived in each round of ⁇ creening.
  • a microbe may be i ⁇ olated from the alimentary canal of a pe ⁇ t, for example from the crop of a mollusc, and altered so that it incorporates an expres ⁇ ible gene coding for cyanide ⁇ yntha ⁇ e.
  • a microbe is therefore naturally adapted for colonisation of and growth in the alimentary canal of the pest it i ⁇ wished to control.
  • a dominant member of the bacterial population of the alimentary canal of the pest is i ⁇ olated and manipulated to produce cyanide.
  • Thi ⁇ may be achieved by natural selection of a cyanide-producing mutant of the natural microbe.
  • genes are present, capable of expres ⁇ ing a given protein to produce a specific phenotypic property, but for unexplained reasons the genes are normally silent. These are known as cryptic genes. Cryptic genes can be made to expres ⁇ properly to reveal their function.
  • pre ⁇ ent ca ⁇ e mutants of a naturally-occurring microbe isolated from the alimentary canal of a pest such as a slug and containing a cryptic gene for cyanide ⁇ ynthase, may be selected which expre ⁇ s this gene, thereby producing a cyanide-generating mutant of a natural gut microbe.
  • C. violaceum the cyanide-generating sy ⁇ tem from glycine depend ⁇ on a ⁇ ingle enzyme called cyanide ⁇ ynthase (Bunch and Knowles, J. Gen. Microbiol. 128, 2675-2680, 1982).
  • a gene library can be prepared from the DNA of C. violaceum. The fragment encoding the cyanide synthase gene may then be identified. Standard procedures can be used. This gene i ⁇ then cloned into a pla ⁇ mid which i ⁇ then used to transform the appropriate, selected natural microbe.
  • Viable cyanide-producing microbe ⁇ are formulated for use with an agriculturally or horticulturally acceptable carrier or diluent. It may be provided a ⁇ a dry powder either by spray-drying or freeze-drying, typically containing about 10 9 viable microbes g "1 . For solid formulations, they may be in the form of a powder, pellets or capsule ⁇ for example. The microbes may be dispersed in water for liquid formulations. A growing culture of the cyanide-producing microbe may be employed.
  • the microbes are preferably administered with a substrate for cyanide generation such a ⁇ an amino acid from which cyanide can be generated.
  • a substrate for cyanide generation such as a ⁇ an amino acid from which cyanide can be generated.
  • a substrate for cyanide generation such as a ⁇ an amino acid from which cyanide can be generated.
  • thi ⁇ i ⁇ glycine although methionine, glutamic acid or sodium glutamate may be used.
  • ⁇ ource ⁇ of the ⁇ e amino acids do occur in natural habitat ⁇ , for example a ⁇ a re ⁇ ult of the breakdown of all protein ⁇ .
  • the formulations may be provided with an attractant for the pest.
  • thi ⁇ can be a farinaceous material such a ⁇ bran or wheat meal.
  • Vitamin B' ⁇ are al ⁇ o ⁇ uitable for thi ⁇ purpo ⁇ e.
  • Other formulation additive ⁇ ⁇ uch as a surfactant or a binder may also be present.
  • Suitable surfactants include non-ionic agent ⁇ , ⁇ uch a ⁇ conden ⁇ ation product ⁇ of polyalkylene oxide and alkylphenol ⁇ and fatty acid e ⁇ ter ⁇ of polyoxyalkylene ⁇ , cationic agents such as quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride and anionic agents such - li ⁇
  • Suitable binders include gelatine, starch, synthetic or natural resins or gums, e.g. carboxy ethyl cellulose and tragacanth, or clay.
  • the proportion of attractant such as a farinaceous material, if present, in formulations containing cyanide-providing microbes will vary according to the required properties of the final composition, e.g. whether it is to be liquid or ⁇ olid.
  • the farinaceou ⁇ material may be pre ⁇ ent in a proportion of 5 to 95%, preferably 20 to 60 % and mo ⁇ t preferably from 45 to 53 % by weight of the final compo ⁇ ition.
  • the ⁇ urfactant if pre ⁇ ent, may be u ⁇ ed in a proportion of 0.05 to 1%, preferably 0.1 to 0.7% and mo ⁇ t preferably from 0.1 to 0.41 by weight of the final compo ⁇ ition.
  • the binder if pre ⁇ ent, may be u ⁇ ed in a proportion of 0.05 to 5.0 %, preferably 0.05 to 2.5 % and mo ⁇ t preferably 1.0 to 2.0 % by weight of the final compo ⁇ itidn.
  • the ⁇ ub ⁇ trate for cyanide generation when u ⁇ ed, may be present in an amount of 10 to 60, preferably 15 to 35 and most preferably 20 to 30 by weight of the final composition.
  • Application of the cyanide-producing microbes can be in any appropriate fashion, depending upon the type of formulation.
  • Liquid formulations may be sprayed onto an affected area. Solid formulations may be dispersed wherever damage due to a pest i ⁇ prevalent or feared.
  • the liquid or ⁇ olid formulations may be applied a ⁇ a coating on an ab ⁇ orbent ⁇ ub ⁇ trate, for example paper, e.g. filter paper or paper board, or on a porou ⁇ ceramic tile or a ⁇ hallow di ⁇ h of similar material.
  • the formulation ⁇ may be made into pellet form, and either u ⁇ ed in moi ⁇ t condition or treated further, e.g. freeze-dried.
  • An amount of the microbe ⁇ i ⁇ applied ⁇ ufficient to en ⁇ ure that the pe ⁇ t i ⁇ eradicated or at lea ⁇ t kept under control typically from 10 5 to 10 7 viable microbe ⁇ are needed per gram of animal. From 10 5 to 10 7 viable microbe ⁇ are required per ⁇ lug. The viable microbe ⁇ grow in the gut of the pe ⁇ t animal and amplify the lethal effect.
  • Thi ⁇ en ⁇ ure ⁇ rapid colonization of the slug's crop to establish a cyanide-producing population with the ability to generate sufficient cyanide to kill the slug.
  • the dry viable cell powder is formulated with a suitable ⁇ lug attractant, such as bran, with or without other additives, such as surfactant ⁇ , to form the bait pellet.
  • a suitable ⁇ lug attractant such as bran
  • surfactant ⁇ to form the bait pellet.
  • Glycine is included in the bait pellet to provide the best sub ⁇ trate for cyanide generation.
  • EXAMPLE 2 General procedure for preparing a bacterium, isolated from a slug's crop, containing a plasmid incorporating a cyanide syntha ⁇ e gene
  • the fragments are inserted into a suitable plasmid vector, e.g. pKT231, pGS58 or pHG327, using ⁇ tandard procedure ⁇ of opening the pla ⁇ mid DNA and using the same re ⁇ triction endonuclease as for the genomic DNA fragment generation stage.
  • the plasmid DNA and the C. violaceum fragments are ligated together to form a chimaeric (or recombinant) DNA vector ba ⁇ ed on the pla ⁇ mid and containing part of the C. violaceum DNA.
  • the randomly generated recombinant DNA plasmids are transformed into suitable recipient ⁇ train ⁇ of E. coli or P. putida and tran ⁇ formant ⁇ screened for their capacity to generate cyanide from glycine.
  • Suitable tran ⁇ formant ⁇ now carrying a plasmid containing the cyanide ⁇ yntha ⁇ e gene are a ⁇ e ⁇ ed for genetic ⁇ tablity, i.e.
  • a mutant of C. violaceum NCIMB 9131 termed strain Lig 88-1, was isolated as a cyanide-re ⁇ i ⁇ tant mutant.
  • a lawn of C. violaceum NCIMB 9131 wa ⁇ spread uniformly on the surface of a nutrient agar plate containing a basic growth medium (see details in Example 4).
  • a central well was cut in the agar into which a ⁇ olution of l.OM ⁇ odium cyanide wa ⁇ placed.
  • the plate wa ⁇ incubated at 0°C for 1.0 hour in order to prevent growth and allow the added cyanide to diffu ⁇ e from the well into the agar.
  • the plate was then incubated at 30°C for two to three days to allow the bacterium to grow.
  • a zone of clearing round the well, corresponding to regions of high cyanide concentration, wa ⁇ produced becau ⁇ e the cyanide concentration wa ⁇ high enough to prevent bacterial growth (it i ⁇ important to note that although C. violaceum may produce cyanide, at high enough concentration ⁇ the organi ⁇ m is itself inhibited by cyanide).
  • This zone of clearing mutant colonies of C. violaceum were observed because the organisms were able to tolerate higher cyanide concentrations.
  • strain Lig 88-1 was re ⁇ i ⁇ tant to higher concentrations of cyanide and as a result was able to produce cyanide to greater concentrations than its parent.
  • a sample of this ⁇ train has been depo ⁇ ited at the NCIMB, Aberdeen, UK on 26th June 1989 under Acce ⁇ ion No. NCIMB 40159
  • EXAMPLE 4 Growth of C. violaceum strain Lig 88-1 and formulation of a biocontrol agent in pellet form
  • Culture ⁇ were grown to late exponential pha ⁇ e and harve ⁇ ted by centrifugation at 5000 rev.min for 10 minute ⁇ .
  • the re ⁇ ulting pellet of organisms was typically resu ⁇ pended to 20.0 ml of the minimal salt ⁇ medium de ⁇ cribed above.
  • a viable cell count on the concentrated C. violaceum cell suspension was determined u ⁇ ing standard microbiological procedures.
  • Pellet ⁇ containing the biocontrol microbe were constructed as follows:
  • a concentrated cell suspension of C ⁇ violaceum Lig 88-1 wa ⁇ pipetted onto an area of filter paper which wa ⁇ incorporated as the top layer of three covering the base of an aquarium tank (dimensions 11.5 cm x 8.0 cm x 2.5 cm).
  • the remaining layers of filter paper has previously been moistened with water in order to provide a humid environment for the ⁇ lug colony.
  • Food pellet ⁇ (prepared a ⁇ for the microbe-free pellet ⁇ in Example 4, were provided - 5 for each colony). 10 newly-caught slug ⁇ were placed in each tank and death recorded a ⁇ follow ⁇ :-

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention présente une méthode pour lutter, dans un lieu donné, contre un parasite ayant un système respiratoire dépendant de l'oxygène, cette méthode consistant à mettre, dans le lieu, un cyanure produisant des microorganismes. L'invention fournit également un agent de lutte biologique destiné à lutter contre les parasites, composé d'un cyanure produisant des microorganismes, ainsi qu'un support ou un diluant utilisables et acceptables en agriculture et en horticulture, et un substrat pour la production de cyanure.
PCT/GB1990/000033 1989-06-28 1990-01-10 Microbes pour lutter contre les parasites WO1991000012A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2064021A CA2064021A1 (fr) 1989-06-28 1990-01-10 Microbes utilises comme pesticides

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8914802A GB2220419B (en) 1988-06-28 1989-06-28 Microbes for controlling pests
GB8914802.7 1989-06-28

Publications (1)

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WO1991000012A1 true WO1991000012A1 (fr) 1991-01-10

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PCT/GB1990/000033 WO1991000012A1 (fr) 1989-06-28 1990-01-10 Microbes pour lutter contre les parasites

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EP (1) EP0480927A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2064021A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991000012A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993000816A1 (fr) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-21 Agricultural Genetics Company Limited Lutte biologique contre les mollusques
EP0534265A1 (fr) * 1991-09-26 1993-03-31 Bayer Ag Molluscicides
WO2012061082A2 (fr) 2010-10-25 2012-05-10 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Compositions et métabolites bioactifs de chromobacterium
WO2013062977A1 (fr) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Formulations, compositions, métabolites de chromobacterium et leurs utilisations
US8728754B1 (en) 2013-01-23 2014-05-20 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Use of proteins isolated from Pseudomonas to control molluscs
US8808719B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-08-19 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Use of Chromobacterium substugae formulations, compostions and compounds to modulate cornworm rootworm larvae infestation
US8951585B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2015-02-10 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Compositions and methods for modulating plant parasitic nematodes
US8968723B2 (en) 2009-04-20 2015-03-03 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chemical and biological agents for the control of molluscs
US9414590B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2016-08-16 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chemical and biological agents for the control of molluscs
US9918479B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2018-03-20 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Control of phytopathogenic microorganisms with Pseudomonas sp. and substances and compositions derived therefrom

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4328203A (en) * 1979-04-27 1982-05-04 Battelle Development Corporation Microbial insecticide
GB2220419A (en) * 1988-06-28 1990-01-10 James Howard Slater Microbes for controlling pests

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4328203A (en) * 1979-04-27 1982-05-04 Battelle Development Corporation Microbial insecticide
GB2220419A (en) * 1988-06-28 1990-01-10 James Howard Slater Microbes for controlling pests

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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Title
Central Patents Index, Basic Abstracts Journal, Week X/24, 1976, Derwent Publications Ltd, (London, GB), see no. 76-45266X/24, & SU, A, 993308 (As Kaza Microbiol) 19 November 1975 *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Vol. 96, No. 21, 24 May 1982, (Columbus, Ohio, US), N. NAZLY et al.: "Cyanide Production by Harvested Chromobacterium Violaceum", see page 398* Abstract 177718Y, & Cyanide Biol. 1981, 289-99* *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Vol. 99, No. 5, 1 August 1983, (Columbus, Ohio, US), R.A. ASKELAND et al.: "Cyanide Production by Pseudomonas Fluorescens and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa", see page 303* Abstract 35831T, & Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1983, 45(6), 1802-7* *
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 47, 1986, Academic Press, Inc., (Duluth, MN, US), T.C. CHENG: "Biological Control Studies: Bacteria Associated with Moribund Biomphalaria Glabrata (Mollusca) in the Labaratory", pages 219-224 *

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TR26297A (tr) * 1991-07-11 1995-03-15 Agricultural Genetics Co YUMUSAKCALARIN BIYOLOJIK KONTROLü
US5527525A (en) * 1991-07-11 1996-06-18 Agricultural Genetics Company Limited Biological control of molluscs with nematodes and bacteria that support growth and pathogenicity of nematodes
US5849284A (en) * 1991-07-11 1998-12-15 Agricultural Genetics Company Ltd. Biological control of molluscs with dauer larvae of Phasmarhabditis nematodes
WO1993000816A1 (fr) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-21 Agricultural Genetics Company Limited Lutte biologique contre les mollusques
EP0534265A1 (fr) * 1991-09-26 1993-03-31 Bayer Ag Molluscicides
US9414590B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2016-08-16 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chemical and biological agents for the control of molluscs
US8968723B2 (en) 2009-04-20 2015-03-03 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chemical and biological agents for the control of molluscs
US9259446B2 (en) 2009-04-20 2016-02-16 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chemical and biological agents for the control of molluscs
US10390534B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2019-08-27 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Compositions and methods for modulating plant parasitic nematodes
US9526252B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2016-12-27 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Compositions and methods for modulating plant parasitic nematodes
US8951585B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2015-02-10 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Compositions and methods for modulating plant parasitic nematodes
WO2012061082A2 (fr) 2010-10-25 2012-05-10 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Compositions et métabolites bioactifs de chromobacterium
US9187531B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2015-11-17 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chromobacterium bioactive compositions and metabolites
EP2632272A4 (fr) * 2010-10-25 2016-07-06 Marrone Bio Innovations Inc Compositions et métabolites bioactifs de chromobacterium
JP2016147872A (ja) * 2010-10-25 2016-08-18 マロン バイオ イノベイションズ インコーポレイテッド クロモバクテリウムの生物活性組成物および代謝産物
US8715754B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2014-05-06 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chromobacterium bioactive compositions and metabolites
US10405555B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2019-09-10 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chromobacterium bioactive compositions and metabolites
US9259007B2 (en) 2011-10-25 2016-02-16 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Chromobacterium formulations, compositions, metabolites and their uses
WO2013062977A1 (fr) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Formulations, compositions, métabolites de chromobacterium et leurs utilisations
US9918479B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2018-03-20 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Control of phytopathogenic microorganisms with Pseudomonas sp. and substances and compositions derived therefrom
US8728754B1 (en) 2013-01-23 2014-05-20 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Use of proteins isolated from Pseudomonas to control molluscs
US8808719B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-08-19 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Use of Chromobacterium substugae formulations, compostions and compounds to modulate cornworm rootworm larvae infestation
US9320282B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-26 Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Use of chromobacterium substugage formulations, compositions and compounds to modulate cornworm rootworm larvae infestation

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CA2064021A1 (fr) 1991-07-11
EP0480927A1 (fr) 1992-04-22

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