WO1990003880A1 - Fabrication de produits en matiere plastique renforcee - Google Patents

Fabrication de produits en matiere plastique renforcee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990003880A1
WO1990003880A1 PCT/FI1989/000189 FI8900189W WO9003880A1 WO 1990003880 A1 WO1990003880 A1 WO 1990003880A1 FI 8900189 W FI8900189 W FI 8900189W WO 9003880 A1 WO9003880 A1 WO 9003880A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet
mould
reinforced plastics
fibers
plastics material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1989/000189
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kay RÖKMAN
Paul Saris
Original Assignee
A. Ahlstrom Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by A. Ahlstrom Corporation filed Critical A. Ahlstrom Corporation
Publication of WO1990003880A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990003880A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/30—Moulds
    • B29C51/36—Moulds specially adapted for vacuum forming, Manufacture thereof
    • B29C51/365—Porous moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/10—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies
    • B29C43/12—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies using bags surrounding the moulding material or using membranes contacting the moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/10—Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/28—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for applying pressure through the wall of an inflated bag or diaphragm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing reinforced plastics material products from a thermoplastic sheet by pressing.
  • Reinforced plastics material products can be manufactured from a sheet by first heating it to a softening temperature and thereafter transferring it into a mould to be first pressed and then let to set therein.
  • a high moulding pressure is required in the forming of a reinforced sheet which calls for powerful presses and solid moulds.
  • the manufacture of large pieces of reinforced plastics material involves especially big investments and, consequently, requires extensive serial production in order to avoid excessive manufacturing costs per piece.
  • Non-fibrous plastics sheets can be formed at a low moulding pressure by, for example, a vacuum forming technique, but the strength of the products made from such sheets is low.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of forming reinforced plastics material products from a sheet at a moulding pressure lower than before.
  • the costs of tools will be reduced and test moulds sometimes needed can be manufactured quickly at a low cost.
  • a reinforced plastics material sheet comprising 60% to 90% by weight of thermoplast and 10% to 40%, preferably 20% to 30% by weight of reinforcing fibers having a diameter of 13 ⁇ m and being 6 to 16 mm long, said reinforcing fibers having been dispersed in said reinforced plastics sheet, whereafter the sheet is transferred into a mould to be formed/shaped therein at a moulding pressure lower than 1 MPa and preferably lower than 0.6 MPa.
  • the sheet is preferably formed in a porous mould at an underpressure.
  • the method of the invention provides the possibility of manufacturing, at a reasonable cost, large pieces being thin in some places and thick in others and of which is demanded, besides a high degree of smoothness of surface, also great strength and rigidity.
  • the fiber reinforced sheet used in the method of the invention is preferably formed according to the method disclosed in GB Patents 1129757 and 1329409, which method provides a very uniform dispersion of the fibers. However, it is also possible to manufacture such a sheet with other prior wet or dry forming methods.
  • the fiber material has to be dispersed so as to make it appear in the form of single, separate fibers in the sheet.
  • mineral and carbon fibers are appropriate for the purpose.
  • the individual fibers should not be shorter than 6 mm because shorter fibers do not provide sufficient reinforcement in the product. Nor should they be longer than 16 mm because longer fibers do not disperse adequately, thereby not reinforcing the product either.
  • the fibers should not be less than 7 ⁇ m in diameter because fibers of diameters less than 7 ⁇ m do not provide adequate reinforcement in the moulded product. Nor should they be greater in diameter than 13 ⁇ m because greater fibers do not provide a sufficiently smooth surface. Glass fibers of the average length of 12 mm and diameter of 11 ⁇ m are preferably used.
  • the proportion of plastics material should not be less than 60% by weight because a smaller proportion of plastics material does not sufficiently fill the interstices between the fibers, but results in a porous structure. Nor should the proportion of plastics material be greater than 90% by weight because a greater proportion does not contain a sufficient amount of reinforcing fibers.
  • plastics materials are, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride or some other thermoplastic material.
  • the sheet structure may be unconsolidated and permeable and thus being capable of being heated by hot air flowing through the strucure, or it may be partly or totally consolidated, in which case it is heated by, for example, an infrared heating method.
  • Figures 1 a - 1 d are schematic cross sectional views of equipment for a preferred implementation of the method according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is cross-sectional illustration of an alternative sheet shaping apparatus to that of Fig . 1 d
  • Figure 3 i s s chem a t i c c r o s s - s e c t i on a l illustration of a second alternative of sheet shaping apparatus to that of
  • FIG. 1 d and Figure 4 is cross-sectional illustration of a third alternative of sheet shaping apparatus to that of Fig. 1 d.
  • Fig. 1 a illustrates a sheet 1, comprising thermoplast with glass fibers dispersed therein and being consolidated by means of heat and pressure in a manner known per se.
  • Sheet 1 is transferred into an infrared oven 2, in which it is heated to a moulding temperature by means of radiation devices or radiators 3 and is expanded, due to the internal stresses of the glass fibers, to such an extent that it grows in diameter (Fig. l b).
  • Fig. 1 c illustrates application of a barrier layer 4 onto sheet 1 to cover said sheet.
  • the completely soft and elastic sheet with the barrier layer covering such is next taken to a vacuum mould 5, in which it is caused to be pressed tightl against the surface of the mould by means of a suction effect brought about through ducts 6 which extend through the mould (Fig. 1 d).
  • the barrier layer prevents air from being drawn through the sheet, thereby facilitating the maintenance of a desired pressure differential. When set, the sheet is removed from the mould.
  • the sheet 1 having been heated to a moulding temperature is pressed in a mould having an upper section 8 and a lower section 5.
  • the moulding pressure is brought about by a suction effect through the ducts 6 in the lower section of the mould, the upper section of the mould thereby preventing air from being drawn through the sheet.
  • a moulding pressure higher than the underpressure is formed by pressing the upper section of the mould against the lower section thereof by a pressing force of a certain degree.
  • the sheet 1, on which is disposed a barrier layer or an elastic layer 4 of a pressure bell 10 is pressed with said barrier layer or elastic layer against the lower section 5 of the mould by means of overpressure prevailing in the pressure bell.
  • the sheet 1, on which is disposed a barrier layer or an elastic layer 4 of the pressure bell 10 is pressed with the barrier layer against the "breathing" lower section 5 of the mould by means of overpressure of, for example, 0.5 MPa prevailing in the pressure bell' and by means of underpressure of, for example, 0.07 MPa prevailing in a suction dome 11 below the lower section of the mould.
  • the mould 5 is made by a spray method from metal, for example aluminium, so as to make it porous. Because of the porosity of the mould, an extremely uniform suction effect is achieved.
  • the forming of the sheet can be accomplished merely by the upper side moulding force, • or by overpressure or, in the embodiment of Fig. 4, without the pressure bell and merely by underpressure.
  • the mould is appropriate for forming, for example, reinforced plastics material blanks covered with fabric or blanks composed of layers one on top of each other, said layers having different fiber contents.
  • a blank was manufactured of thermoplastic, reinforced sheet, the composition of which was
  • E-grade glass fiber (12 mm long, 11 ⁇ m in diameter), 20% by weight and
  • polypropylene 80% by weight.
  • the sheet thickness was 3 mm and density 1.12 g/cm 3 . ⁇
  • the blank was heated to 200°C, causing it to expand to a thickness of 4.5 mm.
  • the blank with a 0.2 mm thick polyethylene layer fitted thereon, was formed in an apparatus according to Fig. 3 at a pressure of 0.07 MPa, thereby producing a 4 mm thick formed piece.
  • the polyethylene layer adhered to the piece thus forming a completely smooth surface.
  • the tensile strength of the structure was 70 N/mm 2 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé décrit sert à fabriquer des produits en matière plastique renforcée par des fibres à partir d'une feuille qui comprend 60 à 90 % en poids de thermoplastiques et 10 à 40 % en poids de fibres de renforcement. Les fibres ont une longueur comprise entre 6 et 16 mm et un diamètre compris entre 7 et 13 νm. On chauffe la feuille à une température de ramollissement et on procède à son formage en la pressant à une pression de moulage inférieure à 1 MPa et de préférence inférieure à 0,6 MPa. La feuille est de préférence formée dans un moule sous vide poreux.
PCT/FI1989/000189 1988-10-07 1989-10-05 Fabrication de produits en matiere plastique renforcee WO1990003880A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI884606A FI884606A (fi) 1988-10-07 1988-10-07 Foerfarande foer framstaellning av armerade plastprodukter.
FI884606 1988-10-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990003880A1 true WO1990003880A1 (fr) 1990-04-19

Family

ID=8527163

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1989/000189 WO1990003880A1 (fr) 1988-10-07 1989-10-05 Fabrication de produits en matiere plastique renforcee

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0437464A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04501387A (fr)
FI (1) FI884606A (fr)
WO (1) WO1990003880A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0649725A2 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1995-04-26 General Electric Company Thermoformage à basse pression de compositions de fibres discontinues
WO1998055288A1 (fr) * 1997-06-04 1998-12-10 Cordant Technologies, Inc. Article composite a faible densite et son procede de fabrication
US6679965B1 (en) 1997-06-04 2004-01-20 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Low density composite rocket nozzle components and process for making the same from standard density phenolic matrix, fiber reinforced materials
WO2017129393A1 (fr) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Procédé et presse pour la fabrication d'une pièce en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres
WO2017129395A1 (fr) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Procédé pour la fabrication d'une pièce à partir d'un matériau composite renforcé par des fibres
WO2021079116A1 (fr) * 2019-10-24 2021-04-29 Arrival Limited Panneaux et pièces composites
DE102021000921A1 (de) 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen
DE102021000925A1 (de) 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen aus Faserverbund-Werkstoff
DE102021000926A1 (de) 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0017452A1 (fr) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-15 STOREY BROTHERS & COMPANY LIMITED Procédé pour la formation de corps galbés
US4478771A (en) * 1981-03-12 1984-10-23 Herbert Schreiber Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced plastic articles, a prepreg for the manufacture of fibre-reinforced plastic articles and a fibre-reinforced plastic article
US4562033A (en) * 1982-07-24 1985-12-31 Rolls-Royce Limited Method of manufacturing articles from a composite material
EP0195562A2 (fr) * 1985-03-21 1986-09-24 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Procédé de fabrication d'articles moulés en matériaux composites renforcés
DE3727926A1 (de) * 1986-08-27 1988-03-10 Dornier Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von formteilen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0017452A1 (fr) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-15 STOREY BROTHERS & COMPANY LIMITED Procédé pour la formation de corps galbés
US4478771A (en) * 1981-03-12 1984-10-23 Herbert Schreiber Method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced plastic articles, a prepreg for the manufacture of fibre-reinforced plastic articles and a fibre-reinforced plastic article
US4562033A (en) * 1982-07-24 1985-12-31 Rolls-Royce Limited Method of manufacturing articles from a composite material
EP0195562A2 (fr) * 1985-03-21 1986-09-24 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Procédé de fabrication d'articles moulés en matériaux composites renforcés
DE3727926A1 (de) * 1986-08-27 1988-03-10 Dornier Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von formteilen

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0649725A2 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1995-04-26 General Electric Company Thermoformage à basse pression de compositions de fibres discontinues
EP0649725A3 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1995-08-02 Gen Electric Thermoformage à basse pression de compositions de fibres discontinues.
WO1998055288A1 (fr) * 1997-06-04 1998-12-10 Cordant Technologies, Inc. Article composite a faible densite et son procede de fabrication
US6679965B1 (en) 1997-06-04 2004-01-20 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Low density composite rocket nozzle components and process for making the same from standard density phenolic matrix, fiber reinforced materials
WO2017129393A1 (fr) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Procédé et presse pour la fabrication d'une pièce en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres
WO2017129395A1 (fr) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Procédé pour la fabrication d'une pièce à partir d'un matériau composite renforcé par des fibres
WO2021079116A1 (fr) * 2019-10-24 2021-04-29 Arrival Limited Panneaux et pièces composites
DE102021000921A1 (de) 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen
DE102021000925A1 (de) 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen aus Faserverbund-Werkstoff
DE102021000926A1 (de) 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0437464A1 (fr) 1991-07-24
JPH04501387A (ja) 1992-03-12
FI884606A0 (fi) 1988-10-07
FI884606A (fi) 1990-04-08

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