Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F24C15/00—Details
  • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
  • F24C15/2021—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
  • F24C7/08—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
  • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
  • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
  • H02H5/045—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using a thermal radiation sensor

Definitions

• the invention is related to an apparatus for supervisin objects, such as hot plates and electrical stoves, with regar to overheating, said apparatus comprising at least one detecto for detecting overheating conditions and a device controlled b the detector for delivering indication, alarm and/or breakin supply of energy to the object.
• the object of the present invention is to devise a supervising apparatus which is capable of supervising objects, such as hot plates and electrical stoves, with regard particularly to overheating, said apparatus preferably being such that the desired activity, such as alarm and/or current breaking, occurs not only on excessive heating but also when a fire or open flame occurs at temperatures of the object which have not reached excessive levels.
• a supervising apparatus which is capable of supervising objects, such as hot plates and electrical stoves, with regard particularly to overheating, said apparatus preferably being such that the desired activity, such as alarm and/or current breaking, occurs not only on excessive heating but also when a fire or open flame occurs at temperatures of the object which have not reached excessive levels.
• the detector is preferably a detector for infrared radiation (IR-detector) arranged at a distance from the object for detecting heat radiation emitted therefrom.
• IR-detector infrared radiation
• This solution gives a very simple and efficient embodiment since the detector arranged spaced from the object may supervise the temperature state at or adjacent to the object without being subjected to the same heating as the object. Furthermore, the detector does not only react to the temperature of the object itself, e.g. hot plates thereof, but also to possible open flames.
• Figs 1 and 2 are front and side views respectively of a stov installation and a supervising apparatus installed in con nection therewith;
• Fig 3 is a view from the front and the side respectively of th supervising apparatus itself;
• Fig 4 is a block diagram illustrating operation and construc tion of the supervising apparatus
• Fig 5 is a diagrammatical view illustrating the design of device for breaking the normal current supply to the supervise object
• Fig 6 is an elementary diagram over the design of the breakin device in Fig 5;
• Fig 7 is a diagrammatical view of a detector device
• Fig 8 is a diagram illustrating an alternative to the embodi ⁇ ment according to Fig 5.
• FIG. 1 A conventional installation of an electrical stove 1 having hot plates 2 is illustrated in Figs 1 and 2.
• a fan or hood 3 for catching fumes is normally arranged above the stove.
• the supervising apparatus is in Figs 1 and 2 indicated at 4 and illustrated at a greater scale in Fig 3.
• the apparatus comprises a detector for detecting condi ⁇ tions of overheating and a device controlled by the detector for delivering alarm as to such conditions of overheating. These components" are built into a caselike housing 5.
• the detector is more specifically a detector for infrared radiation (IR-detector) .
• IR-detector infrared radiation
• fAs appears from Figs 1 and 2 the .'apparatus ⁇ and accordingly the: detector : is intednded to be r, arranged at a distance from the sstove ;l * and .its: hot plates 2; to detect heat radiation emitted therefrom. More specifically, 5 , device 4.
• the detector is located at a vertical wall surface adjacent to the stove.
• This vertical wall surface may be a wall surface behind the stove as illustrated in Figs 1 or 2 or alternatively a vertical wall surface at one side of the stove.
• the apparatus 4 will be located displaced sidewardly relative to the center of the top surface of the stove and this causes the heat emission from the stove to influence the apparatus 4 to a minimum degree.
• This location of apparatus 4 causes further that it will be sidewardly displaced relative to the stream of food fumes moving upwardly towards the fan 3 or stove hood from cooking-vessels placed on the stove.
• the detector is arranged within housing 5, which in a manner appearing from fig 3 comprises a window 6, through which incident IR-radiation may pass to the detector placed behind the window.
• the window 6 is arranged in an inclined wall portion 7 of the housing, the inclination of wall portion 7 being such that IR-radiation from the top side of the stove reaches window 6 and the detector placed therebehind.
• the wall portion 7 is in the embodiment inclined about 45° in relation to the horisontal plane. This angle is suitable for the in ⁇ tended location of apparatus 4 about 40 cm above the top plane of the stove.
• the apparatus 4 may be sup ⁇ plied with electrical current by means of solar cells located on housing 5 of the appratus. These solar cells should be combined with a chargeable cell.
• the apparatus » ⁇ -» -- * 3» .'3 z.3 may be well powered brushy batteries . It is suitable to provide an indicator 8 visible exteriorly o the housing and adapted to indicate that the apparatus i operating and receives adequate current supply.
• the indicato is preferably a light emitting one, e.g. a light emittin diode.
• apparatus 4 should be located centrall behind the stove.
• the block diagram in Fig 4 illustrates the electronical desig of the apparatus, all components illustrated in Fig 4 bein built into housing 5 of the apparatus.
• the IR-detector is denoted 9 and is preferably arranged to deliver an electrical output signal in relation to measured infrared radiation within the wave length area 1-3 micrometer.
• the detector may be of the photo conductive cell type, i.e. a cell with a semi-conductor material, the resistance of which is changed when incident photons lift electrones into the conduction band. When a voltage is applied over the semi-conductor material, the IR-radiation may accordingly be detected by current change.
• a detector of the brand Hamamatsu with a type designation P 394 has turned out to be well suited for the purpose.
• An electrical control device 10 to control the alarm device 11 on basis of the output signals of the detector 9 comprises two control circuits, namely a first 12 intended to bring alarm device 11 into operation at a first temperature level at the stove and a second 13 intended to bring alarm device 11 into operation at a second, higher temperature level.
• the first control circuit 12 is arranged to be manually inactivatable by the user while this control circuit 12 maintains alarm device 11 in operation so that thereby this alarm operation ceases.
• the second control circuit 13 is arranged to be unaffectable by the user and furthermore arranged to always activate the alarm device as soon as the second temperature level has been reached independently of whether the user has inactivated ⁇ the first control circuit 12 or not.
• Each of the control circuits 12 and 13 comprises a comparator 14 and 15 respectively. Both of these comparators receive on inputs 16 and 17 respectively temperature dependent signals and the comparators are arranged to compare these temperature dependent signals with reference signals received on inputs 18 and 19 respectively and corresponding to the first and second temperature levels respectively.
• the first control circuit 12 comprises a time delay member 20, which after inactivation by the user of this control circuit maintains this inactivation during a predetermined time period but thereafter again activates said control circuit.
• the control circuit 12 comprises members, which here are formed by the comparator 14 itself, which when the IR-detector 9 is screened or shielded off, e.g. by means of the hand of the user, from the hot plates of the stove interrupt the holding of alarm device 11 in operation by means of the control circuit 12 and activate time delay member 20.
• the detector 9 is in the embodiment arranged so as to deliver a signal with decreasing voltage on the output when the incident IR-radiation increases.
• the output of the comparator goes “high”.
• Comparator 14 is provided with a reset input R.
• the time delay member 20 comprises a monostable flip-flop, the input 21 of which is connected to the output of comparator 1 .
• the flip-flop 20 is triggered when the input 21 goes from “high” to “low” and when the flip-flop has been triggered, the output, which is connected to the reset input R of comparator 14, lies “high” for about 2.5 minutes.
• the output of the comparator is coupled to the input 22 of second monostable flip-flop 23, which is triggered when it input goes from “low” to “high".
• the flip-flop When the flip-flop has bee triggered, its output 24 is “high” for about 15 seconds Furthermore, the flip-flop 23 has a reset input R. When ther is a "high” signal thereon, the output 24 of the flip-flop i "low".
• the output of comparator 14 is further coupled to an input o an OR-gate 25.
• the output thereof is connected to the signa input S of a tone generator 26.
• the tone generator has a input 27 for high or low effect on its output 28 so that whe input 27 is high, output 28 gives a low effect and vice versa.
• the tone generator 26 has a reset input R. I there is a "high” signal thereon, output 28 of the generato ceases to oscillate.
• An alarm signal transmitter 29 gives a sound signal to direc the attention of the surroundings to the fact that there is something faulty at the stove or the object in question.
• An oscillator 30 oscillates and delivers a square wave with e.g. about 1 Hz on the output 31.
• This output is connected to the reset input R of tone generator 26 and to the input of a power component 32 operating as a monostable flip-flop with an output which may give a high current during a short time.
• a short pulse on the output is generated, e.g. with a duration of 0.1 seconds.
• This pulse drives the light emitting diode 8 so that it glows strongly during a short time. Accordingly, light emitting diode 8 indicates that the appartus is in operation and receives current supply.
• the comparator 15 in control circuit 13 is so designed that when the voltage received from detector 9 on input 17 is lower than the reference voltage .on input 19., the output of the comparator goes “high".
• the output of' comparator” 15 is con ⁇ nected to the input of a member.33 having;a.- switching, off-de ⁇ laying function. When the input of member 33 goes “high”, this gives immediately rise to a "high” output signal on the output of the member. However, when the input of member 33 for signals from comparator 15 goes “low” the output of member 33 is "high” for about 10 seconds and the time is prolonged with about 10 seconds each time the input goes from "high” to "low”.
• the output of member 33 is connected both to an input of OR-gate 25 and to a reset input R of flip-flop 23. Gate 25 gives of course "high” output signal as soon as there is a high input signal on any or both of its inputs.
• Fig 4 The operation according to Fig 4 is as follows: if the temperature of any hot plate or cooking-vessel placed thereon increases to a level above the normal, e.g. as a consequence of the user having forgotten to switch off the hot plate in question, the detector 9 delivers a signal with decreasing voltage, which initially gives rise to a "high” output on comparator 14 since its reference input has a higher voltage than the reference input of comparator 15. The output signal from comparator 14 causes triggering of flip-flop 23, the output of which lies "high” for about 15 seconds. The tone generator 26 then emits a signal with a low effect under the same time period and accordingly also alarm signal transmitter 9 emits a sound with low effect.
• tone genera ⁇ tor 26 also depends on the high output signal of comparator 14 being received by OR-gate 25, which on the signal input S of the tone generator delivers a "high" signal.
• OR-gate 25 which on the signal input S of the tone generator delivers a "high" signal.
• the output of flip-flop 23 goes from high to low and this controls tone generator 26 to operate with a high effect and this is then also valid for alarm signal transmitter 29.
• the sound signal from the latter becomes pulsating due to the operation of oscillator 30 since when th.e output of the oscillator is high, tone generator 26 ceases to oscillate and when it is low, alarm signal transmitter 9 emits sound.
• the power component 32 is triggered so that it generates pulse driving the light emitting diode 8. As long as oscillato 30 receives supply voltage, the light emitting diode 8 wil accordingly flash.
• the alarm can be shut off by ensuring that detector 9 receives reduced IR-radiation. This may for instance be carried out b the user screening the detector off from the radiation sourc , e.g. with the hand or by placing a cooking-vessel on the hot plate in question. This causes an increasing output signal from detector 9, which signal at a certain level makes comparator 14 to transfer from high to low on its output. When this happens, the mono flip-flop 20 is triggered and its output becomes high for about 2.5 minutes. This output maintains the reset input R of comparator 14 high, which causes the comparator to be out of operation for 2.5 minutes.
• the low output signal from compa ⁇ rator 14 in combination with a low output signal from compa ⁇ rator 15 makes the OR-gate 25 to deliver a low output signal stopping tone generator 26.
• the hot plate is allowed to cool down so that the alarm is not repeated provided that the hot plate is switched off.
• the alarm is repeated after 2.5 minutes since the output from mono flip-flop 20 then becomes low and comparator 14 again can deliver a high signal on its output.
• the alarm may also be repeated before that if the temperature would reach such a high level that comparator 15 on its output delivers a high signal since the tone generator 26 via OR-gate 25 then receives a start signal at the same time as the output from flip-flop 23 is low and accordingly causes tone generator 26 to operate with high effect.
• control circuit 12 and 13 operating in parallel accordingly enables the important advantage that two different alarm levels are established, the lower of which due to control circuit 12 may be inactivated by the user for a certain predetermined- time period whereas, . on- the contrary, the higer represented by control circuit 13 always, guarantees- alarm function if the temperature condition would exceed the established higher level.
• the switching off-delaying member 33 in control circuit 13 ensures that alarm is given during a certain minimum time if a short duration flame would appear.
• control device 10 an important characteristic of control device 10 is that the first control circuit 12 due to the component 23, e.g. in the form of the flip-flop described, is adapted to control the alarm emission to initially have a low level and after a certain time period a high level or alternatively a successively increasing level, whereas control circuit 13, which enters into operation at higher temperatures, always gives rise to a high level of the alarm emission.
• FIG. 34 A possible design of a device 34 for breaking the current supply to the stove or otherwise the object in question is illustrated in Fig 5.
• the device 34 has the character of a plug-in unit with coupling elements 35 fitting into a con ⁇ ventional wall socket 36. Furthermore, the device 34 has female coupling elements for receiving coupling elements 37 on the plug normally belonging to the stove or the like. Accordingly, it will be very easy for the user to apply himself the breaking device 34.
• the breaking device 34 may of course be designed for fixed mounting, in which case authorized instal ⁇ lation personnel would have to be resorted to.
• the structure of the breaking device 34 is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig 6. It comprises in the embodiment a micro ⁇ phone 38 adapted to wirelessly receive the alarm signals transmitted by the alarm transmitter 11.
• the microphone 38 is connected to a control unit 39, which when the microphone receives alarm signals controls an operating component 40 to actuate a breaker 41 so that the current supply to tne stove or the like is interrupted.
• a one phase system with the phase R,0-conductor and earth 42 is indicated in the embodiment. Breaking may for instance occur after a certain number of alarm signals or after a certain alarm duration.
• the breaker 41 interrupts the current supply, it is laid on to a contact 43 connected to a detector 44 via a conductor 45.
• the detector is connected to the 0-conductor via a second line 46.
• Detector 44 is so arranged and controlled by for instance control unit 39 that it transmits detection signals on the conductor 45 or 46 when the breaker 41 has interrupted the current supply to the stove.
• the stove or the like comprises a number of switches on its own for the user thereof to be able to switch off and on hot plates, oven etc.
• the detector 44 then delivers, via the connection 47, a signal to the control unit 39, said control signal causing control unit 39 to control operating member 40, e.g. an electromagnet, to close the current circuit to the stove which then again is in condition for use.
• control operating member 40 e.g. an electromagnet
• the device 34 may obtain energy for driving components 38, 39, 40 and 44 from a battery or the like but it is also possible to arrange, as indicated in Fig 6 at 48, a transformer with rectifiers for supplying energy to the components of device 34, said transformer being via conductors connecte to and supplied' from the power conductors of the stove.
• control device 39 could of course be arranged to receive signals from the IR-detector via conductors.
• a so called pyroelectric detector is very diagrammatically illustrated in Fig 7.
• Such a detector is more specifically of the type adapted for detecting relatively rapid temperature variations.
• the functional theory is based upon spontaneous polarization of a crystal 50 of LiTa0 3 in a dark state.
• the crystal surface is always electrified but is neutralized by ions in the air.
• infrared light enters through a window 51 in a housing of the detector and meets the crystal and is absorbed thereby the crystal temperature is increased, which results in a change of the spontaneous polarization state. This change is obtained on an output as a voltage change. Since the pyroelectric detector detects infrared light only when a temperature change occurs in the LiTaO_ crystal, the detector cannot be directly used for measuring on stationary objects subject of relatively slow temperature changes.
• pyroelectric detectors of this type are very advantageous concerning price and measuring performance, it is proposed as indicated in fig 7 to arrange ahead of the window 51 of the detector a screen of the type with liquid crystals, for which screen 52 there is arranged an electrical drive circuit 57 to drive the screen to alternatingly shield off the detector 49 from and expose the detector to IR-radiation from the object in question.
• the liquid crystal screen 52 there is contained a liquid crystal cell 53 comprising liquid crystals diagramma ⁇ tically indicated at 54.
• the LC-cell comprises plates 55 of glass or other transparent material and there are electrodes 56 in the cell to electrically orientate crystals so that they either cause passing through of IR-radiation or alternatively blockage against passage of such radiation.
• the screen 52 is of a transparent design and the passage of IR radiation is blocked substantially only when the liquid crystals are orientated to obtain such blocking.
• LC-screens or displays are well known per se and it is to be understood that arbitrary such screens may be used provided that they fulfil the conditions to, on one hand, sufficiently allow passage of IR-radiation, and, on the other hand, block such radiation.
• the advantage in using such an LC-screen is that it has a statical nature and may be realized to a very low cost.
• the pyroelectric detector 49 will in practice measure the temperature difference between the mea ⁇ sured object and the back side of the LC-screen.
• the detector 49 and screen 52 may of course be integrated into a structural unit.
• the stove :in Fig 8 is intended to be supplied by three-phase conductors R, S and T, the usual 0- and earth conductors also being provided.
• the breaker device 34a comprises a microphone 38a to receive sound signals from the alarm device 11.
• the signals from the microphone pass via an amplifier 58, a bandpass filter 59, which is tuned to the sound signal from the alarm device 11, and an AC/DC converter 60 to a comparator 61.
• the latter compares the signals from microphone 38a with a reference.
• the output from the comparator is connected to an input of a monostable multivibrator 62 and a counter 63.
• the output from multivibrator 62 is connected to an input of an OR-gate 64, the output of which is connected to the reset input R of counter 63.
• the output Q from counter 63 is connected to the clock input C of a J-K flip-flop 65.
• the output Q thereof is connected to an input of an AND-gate 66 whereas the output " Q " is connected to an input of an OR-gate 67.
• the output thereof is coupled to a breaker device 41a, which for instance may be realized by means of triacs provided in the supply conductors R, S, T.
• a pulse generator 68 delivers on its output to the AND-gate 66 pulses separated in time and the output of gate 66 is connected to an input of both gate 67 and an AND-gate 68.
• a measuring unit 71 receives on an input the induced alternating voltage from coils 70.
• An input of measuring unit 71 is connected to an output from gate 66 and an output from unit 71 is connected to an input of gate 68.
• the entire device 34a may obtain energy for driving inherent components from batteries or the like but it is also possible, as indicated in Fig 8 at 48a, to provide a transformer with rectifiers for delivering energy to the components of device 34a, the transformer being via conducter ⁇ connected to and obtaining supply from a supply conductor to the stove.
• a component 72 is adapted to provide on switching on of voltage (alternatively mounting of device 34a) resetting of counter 63 and JK flip-flop 65, more specifically by delivering on its output a signal to an input of-gate 69.
• the device 34a described operates in the following way: When device 11 (Fig 4) emits alarm as to a condition of overheating, the sound is received by microphone 38a. When the rectified signal to comparator 61 exceeds an established reference level, comparator 61 turns from 0 to 1 on the output. The reference level may for instance be so adjusted that comparator 61 turns over when device 11 conditioned by control circuit 13 gives alarm at the higher level. When the sound signal ceases, the output of comparator 61 goes again from 1 to 0.
• the monostable multivibrator 62 When the output 61 of the comparator goes from 0 to 1, the monostable multivibrator 62 is triggered so that its output goes from 1 to 0 during a short time. The output from the multivibrator 62 then goes via OR-gate 64 to the reset input of counter 63. The counter then starts to count and receive clock signals on its input C. The time function of multivibrator 62 is so adjusted that if individual sound signals would pass from the microphone to the output of comparator 61, the next sound signal must appear within the time for about two sound signals from alarm device 11. This is for avoiding that the counter .63 stores isolated sound signals. during a; longer, time and thereby interrupts the-current to. the stove.
• the counter 63 is reset when input R receives 1.
• the counter then counts up one step when input C goes from 1 to 0.
• the output Q goes from 0 to 1, which causes triggering of flip-flop 65.
• Its output Q now goes from 0 to 1 and output " Q from 1 to 0.
• the ⁇ Q ⁇ output is 1 in the normal state of device 34a, i.e. when normal or ordinary current supply to the stove occurs.
• the Q output then gives 1 via OR-gate 67 to the triacs, which with 1 on their input allow current to pass to the stove.
• measuring unit 71 is so adjusted that it only reacts to currents of such size which occur when triacs 4la close the current supply, i.e. that the small currents which feed auxiliary components, such as timers, clocks or the like, are not considered.
• the time interval (e.g. 6 seconds) between the pulses generated by pulse generator 68 is substantially greater than the dura ⁇ tion of a pulse so that accordingly breaker device 41a in order to carry out detection closes the current supply under such short proportion of the total time that no hazardous heating of the hot plates and/or oven of the stove can occur.
• the measuring unit 71 generates l on the output connected to gate 68 if the stove is switched off (when the current in the stove is low or 0).
• the measuring unit 71 operates when the input from gate 66 is 1 and the stove is switched off, the output to gate 68 is then 1.
• the measuring time is accordingly controlled by pulse generator 68.
• the measurement proceeds as long as the output from measuring unit 71 to gate 68 is 0.
• a 1 will be generated on the output from measuring unit 71 connec ⁇ ted to gate 68 and simultaneously 1 will be generated from pulse generator 68 via gate 66 to gate 68 and this causes together with 1 from the measuring unit 1 on the output from gate 68, which via gate 69 resets flip-flop 65 and via gate 64 counter 63.
• the apparatus may of course be modified in several ways within the scope of the invention.
• the invention in no way is limited to supervising of objects in the form of electrical stoves.
• the objects may be formed by various objects, such as machines, apparatus and instruments, where current supply may cause an overheating condition. It is neither necessary that the temperature increase to be detected occurs in a directly electrical way.
• an electrical motor powers a mechanical device.
• the temperature detector may- then be adapted to detect overheating- ; conditions in bearings .or other members of- this., mechanical * device and give rise to- indication, alarm and/or breaking of energy supply to the electrical motor so that thereby the power .
• circuit solutions described with the assistance of Fig 6 and 8 could in such a case be arranged to detect whether a contactor in the supply of the electrical motor is closed or open and to maintain, by means of a breaker device, the current supply to the motorn interrupted until it has been established that the contactor has been opened so that an overheating condition does not appear again.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
• Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
• Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
• Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
• Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
• Control Of Temperature (AREA)
• Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
• Fire Alarms (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

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• 1988
  • 1988-02-24 SE SE8800625A patent/SE461560B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1989
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  • 1989-02-23 WO PCT/SE1989/000075 patent/WO1989008300A1/en active IP Right Grant
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