WO1989004961A1 - Appareil hematologique de comptage de cellules - Google Patents

Appareil hematologique de comptage de cellules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989004961A1
WO1989004961A1 PCT/US1988/004051 US8804051W WO8904961A1 WO 1989004961 A1 WO1989004961 A1 WO 1989004961A1 US 8804051 W US8804051 W US 8804051W WO 8904961 A1 WO8904961 A1 WO 8904961A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
orifice
chamber
counting
sample chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1988/004051
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Henri Bady
Original Assignee
Techne Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Techne Corporation filed Critical Techne Corporation
Publication of WO1989004961A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989004961A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
    • G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to hematology analyzers for counting blood cells, and more particularly to a cell counting chamber system.
  • Blood components including platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells may be counted by at least two popular methods, the impedance method and laser systems.
  • liquid containing the particles of interest is diluted using suitable isotonic solutions, including an electrolyte such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
  • a probe having a single orifice, typically a ruby with a very precise hole in it, is inserted into a chamber containing the diluted sample.
  • Two electrodes are provided, one within the hollow chamber of the probe, and the other located in the sample. Upon applying voltage to the electrodes, an ionic current is induced in the electrolytic solution, the current of necessity passing through the ruby orifice.
  • fluid is either drawn by vacuum or pumped into the probe through the orifice.
  • cells or cell particles pass through the orifice, they partially block the flow of electrolyte through the orifice, therefore changing the resistance or impedance in the circuit, a change which is detectable with a galvanometer or other suitable circuitry.
  • Pulse volume Based on the amount and duration of change ("pulse volume") in the resistance of the circuit, the type and number of cells passing through the orifice can be determined.
  • White blood cells typically have a volume of about 120-1,000 cubic microns, red blood cells 85-95 cubic microns, and platelets 2-30 cubic microns.
  • FIG. 1 A typical prior art probe is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • An artifact of such probes is that passage of fluid through the ruby orifice creates turbulence within the probe, permitting a discernible percentage of cells to swirl back and again pass through the cell counting zone. Due to the dynamics of the fluid flow and electron flow, a cell passing through the zone a second time typically has a pulse amplitude significantly smaller, therefore causing errors in the cell count which are difficult to compensate for electronically_
  • a recirculating red blood cell may be erroneously recognized as a platelet.
  • the invention relates to a counting chamber which includes an orifice mounted at the end of a hollow internal electrode through which a sample is drawn, as by a vacuum.
  • the particles pass through a small opening before passing through the orifice, and continue in a straight path well beyond the counting zone as they are being evacuated. Turbulence is therefore substantially reduced, and the swirlback effect drops substantially.
  • the system is comprised of three parts which are easily disassembled for cleaning.
  • the parts include a sample chamber, the orifice mount, and the electrode, the latter two defining the evacuation passage.
  • the three parts may be assembled to one another by snug fittings sealed with O-rings which are disassembleable from one another by hand.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art probe tip including a counting orifice
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the counting chamber system of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of the orifice and evacuation path
  • Figure 4 is a schematic drawing of the chamber of the invention illustrating the separable parts
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a partially broken-away view of the area in which the orifice is mounted.
  • a sample which has been diluted to the proper proportion is drawn through input (21) into chamber (20) which includes an electrode (22) .
  • Cells are drawn, as by vacuum, toward and through an orifice (30), preferably a ruby orifice, and then pass through hollow electrode (38), and are aspirated away.
  • Fig. 3 shows in schematic fashion the cell counting zone (35) centered about the orifice, and illustrates the substantially linear path of cells, which path effectively eliminates turbulence which gives rise to swirlback and erroneous counting of blood components.
  • Figs. 4-6 illustrate in greater detail a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the sample chamber (20) includes a cover (25) with a thumb screw (26) securing it in place.
  • An air/bubble input (23) is provided for mixing, and a drain (24) is also provided to allow evacuation of fluids from the sample chamber (20) .
  • the orifice mounting block (31) is snugly received within a complimentary fitting in the sample chamber block, and secured by pressure between the two pieces against an 0-ring (32) .
  • the orifice mounting block (31) is provided with a rinse input (33) and rinse output (34) .
  • the electrode mount (38) similarly fits into the other end of the orifice mounting block (31), secured by a similar O-ring (39). Fluid is evacuated through the distal end (40) of the electrode mount.
  • the three-piece manufacture of the chamber allows convenient disassembly and reassembly of the various pieces for cleaning and maintenance.
  • the device therefore provides for a relatively simple solution to the otherwise complex problem of discriminating swirlback signals from true counting signals.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Chambre hématologique de comptage de cellules permettant de compter les constituants sanguins particulaires dans un échantillon et utilisant un circuit à impédance. L'unité comprend une chambre d'échantillons (20), un passage sensiblement linéaire (21) s'étendant à l'opposé de la chambre d'échantillons, un orifice (30) interposé sensiblement entre la chambre d'échantillons et le passage linéaire, ainsi qu'un circuit électrique comportant une première électrode (22) disposée dans la chambre d'échantillons, et une seconde électrode (38) disposée dans le passage linéaire. Le circuit fournit un courant électrique à l'échantillon afin de détecter le passage de particules sanguines à travers l'orifice. Le passage linéaire est d'un diamètre relativement petit afin d'empêcher les turbulences se produisant dans l'échantillon de sang après son passage à travers l'orifice, réduisant ainsi le comptage erroné des remous desdites particules.
PCT/US1988/004051 1987-11-13 1988-11-14 Appareil hematologique de comptage de cellules WO1989004961A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11995087A 1987-11-13 1987-11-13
US119,950 1987-11-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989004961A1 true WO1989004961A1 (fr) 1989-06-01

Family

ID=22387372

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1988/004051 WO1989004961A1 (fr) 1987-11-13 1988-11-14 Appareil hematologique de comptage de cellules

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1989004961A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5380491A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-01-10 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for pumping and directing fluids for hematology testing
US5728351A (en) * 1993-01-21 1998-03-17 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for making a plurality of reagent mixtures and analyzing particle distributions of the reagent mixtures
US5840254A (en) * 1995-06-02 1998-11-24 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for mixing fluids for analysis
US6716633B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2004-04-06 Sysmex Corporation Blood cell detector, blood analyzer and blood analyzing method using the detector
US6812032B1 (en) 1993-01-21 2004-11-02 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for making a plurality of reagent mixtures and analyzing particle distributions of the reagent mixtures

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648160A (en) * 1969-12-01 1972-03-07 Technicon Corp Method and apparatus for the highly accurate, automatic determination of the hematocrit of whole blood samples
US3930736A (en) * 1974-07-01 1976-01-06 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Aperture tube with attached thief
US4198160A (en) * 1976-12-14 1980-04-15 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. Apparatus for performing at least two measurements of characteristics in a particle suspension

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648160A (en) * 1969-12-01 1972-03-07 Technicon Corp Method and apparatus for the highly accurate, automatic determination of the hematocrit of whole blood samples
US3930736A (en) * 1974-07-01 1976-01-06 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Aperture tube with attached thief
US4198160A (en) * 1976-12-14 1980-04-15 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. Apparatus for performing at least two measurements of characteristics in a particle suspension

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5380491A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-01-10 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for pumping and directing fluids for hematology testing
US5728351A (en) * 1993-01-21 1998-03-17 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for making a plurality of reagent mixtures and analyzing particle distributions of the reagent mixtures
US6812032B1 (en) 1993-01-21 2004-11-02 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for making a plurality of reagent mixtures and analyzing particle distributions of the reagent mixtures
US7294307B2 (en) 1993-01-21 2007-11-13 Drew Scientific Holdings, Inc. Apparatus for pumping and directing fluids for hematology testing
US5840254A (en) * 1995-06-02 1998-11-24 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for mixing fluids for analysis
US6979569B1 (en) 1995-06-02 2005-12-27 Cdc Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for mixing fluids for analysis
US6716633B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2004-04-06 Sysmex Corporation Blood cell detector, blood analyzer and blood analyzing method using the detector

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