Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
  • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
  • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
  • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
  • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
  • F01K23/103—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with afterburner in exhaust boiler
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a combined gas-steam turbine plant for generating useful energy, preferably electrical energy, with an open-process gas turbine plant part with at least one gas turbine which has a compressor in which ambient air is compressed, which is then supplied via a combustion chamber, in which thermal energy is supplied exclusively to the compressed ambient air and is completely led to the turbine part of the gas turbine and returned to the ambient atmosphere after performing useful work, and with a steam turbine system part, in which part by means of the in the combustion gases
• the heat contained in the turbine part of the gas turbine is generated in a heat exchanger from a liquid working medium and this steam is then led to a downstream steam turbine for the performance of useful work, from which the steam after condensation is condensed in a downstream condenser unit is returned to the heat exchanger while increasing the pressure.
• Power plants in which a gas turbine process is coupled to a steam process are both with a gas turbine working in a closed circuit with nitrogen or helium as the turbine gas (DE-PS 35 09 357) and also with a gas turbine working in the open process with air ( Gas turbine power plants, combined cycle power plants, thermal power plants and
• the invention has for its object to provide a system operating in a combined gas-steam power process with a gas turbine operating in an open circuit, which provides a further improved overall efficiency of energy generation.
• this object is achieved according to the invention in that the ambient air supplied by the compressor is passed through a recuperator upstream of the turbine part, and in that the recuperator is flown through by the combustion gases emerging from the turbine part and only after that Heat exchangers are supplied in which ammonia evaporates from a liquid state in ammonia vapor with a supercritical state and this then in the steam turbine to a temperature corresponding to the ambient temperature
• the turbine part of the gas turbine is preferably divided into a high-pressure and a low-pressure turbine part, an additional combustion chamber being arranged between the outlet from the high-pressure turbine part and the entry into the low-pressure turbine part, in which the combustion gases at one about the root of the highest pressure of the high-pressure turbine part corresponding pressure heat energy is supplied.
• the combustion chambers of the gas turbine are usually designed for oil or gas firing. Nevertheless, the use of solid fuels, e.g. Coal within the scope of the plant according to the invention is possible in that the turbine part is followed by a combustion chamber fired with solid fuel (coal), in which the combustion gases emerging from the turbine part are post-combusted, so that their temperature level is increased, whereby this combustion chamber is connected upstream of the recuperator. in the
• the oil or gas-fired combustion chamber upstream of the turbine part can then be dispensed with entirely.
• the system according to the invention can advantageously be developed so that the low-pressure turbine part has two combustion chambers fired with solid * fuel (coal) for the afterburning of the combustion gases in series are connected downstream, and that between the two afterburning combustion chambers a recuperator through which the combustion gases emerging from the low-pressure turbine part flow is connected, which on the other hand is flowed through by the combustion gases flowing from the high-pressure turbine part to the low-pressure turbine part, so that thermal energy from those in the first , the post-combustion combustor downstream of the low-pressure turbine part is transferred in the temperature level of increased combustion gases to the combustion gases flowing to the low-pressure turbine part.
• the air or combustion gases flowing to the high-pressure and low-pressure turbine parts can, in the borderline case, be
• Gas turbine combustion chambers can also be omitted entirely.
• the recuperator arranged between the two afterburning combustion chambers becomes the combustion gas with respect to the combustion gases flowing from the high-pressure turbine part to the low-pressure turbine part Low pressure turbine part associated additional combustion chamber upstream.
• the demand-burn combustion chambers resulting combustion gases contained sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which as an environmental pollutant rule with the applied even in steam boiler furnaces process the sulfur laundering and katal 'yti- reduction of nitrogen oxides to molecular nitrogen can be largely removed with the addition of a reducing agent.
• the reducing agent used almost exclusively today is ammonia, which is metered from a supply of liquid ammonia into the exhaust gases to be cleaned, evaporated and mixed with the exhaust gases before they flow through the catalyst.
• the inventive system can for desulfurization and / or denitrification (reduction of N0 X) of the exhaust gases necessary ammonia from the ammonia-cycle of the steam turbine part can be removed, the arrangement being according to the invention then made such that a connection from the selected from the Steam turbine exiting gaseous ammonia leading to the condenser unit line of the steam turbine plant part to which the combustion gases of the gas turbine plant part are provided from the line leading away from the steam generator forming the steam generator, via which gaseous ammonia is subsequently used in a gas cleaning system for reducing in the combustion Combustion gases supplying gases containing sulfur oxides and / or nitrogen oxides, and that a feed line is connected to the liquid ammonia-carrying part of the ammonia circuit of the steam turbine plant part, via which a "ammonia.” - Liquid ammonia is fed into the ammonia circuit in an amount corresponding to the amount of the branched gaseous ammonia.
• the design of the system according to the invention has the advantage that the ammonia is already removed from the circuit in the form of a vapor and, in so far, no more energy for evaporation has to be withdrawn from the exhaust gases.
• the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the catalytic converter can accordingly be chosen to be low.
• the amount of ammonia removed in vapor form as a reducing agent from the circuit is replaced by supplying liquid ammonia in a corresponding amount to the section of the circuit downstream of the condenser unit.
• the exhaust gas Ammonia removed from cleaning is therefore only removed from the rotary filter when the heat energy absorbed in the steam generator is converted into useful energy in the steam turbine. This means that the amount of ammonia branched off for desulfurization and / or removal is involved in the generation of useful energy (power generation).
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the gas-steam turbine plant according to the invention in its basic structure
• FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the gas-steam turbine plant according to FIG. 1, in which the gas turbine has a high-pressure and a low-pressure turbine part, between which an additional combustion chamber is provided for the intermediate heating of the combustion gases. is;
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the gas-steam turbine plant according to the invention
• Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a further development in; Fig. 2 shown gas-steam turbine plant, - in which both the high-pressure and the low-pressure turbine part is followed by a post-combustion combustion chamber and by means of a recuperator, thermal energy from the post-combusted combustion gases emerging from the low-pressure turbine part to those flowing from the high-pressure turbine part to the low-pressure turbine part
• FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the plant shown in FIG. 2, in which the gaseous ammonia is additionally drawn off from the
• Ammonia cycle is illustrated as a reducing agent for combustion gas purification
• FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a compared to that in Fig.
• the combined gas-steam turbine plant shown in FIG. 1, designated in its entirety by 10, is in a gas turbine plant part 12 shown above in the drawing with an electric three-phase generator 16 driven by a gas turbine 14 and one in the drawing Steam turbine system part 18 shown below with a second electrical three-phase generator 22 driven by a steam turbine 20.
• the gas turbine plant part 12 operates in the open process, i.e. ambient air is sucked in as a working medium by the compressor 24 of the gas turbine 14, compressed and then conveyed to an oil or gas-fired combustion chamber 28 via a recuperator 26 in which the compressed air is supplied with thermal energy.
• the combustion gases of high temperature and high pressure which arise in the combustion chamber 28 are then carried out in the actual work - which is coupled to the compressor 24 via a shaft 30
• Turbine part 32 of the gas turbine 14 out. From the turbine 32, the temperature flows according to the work performed reduced and relaxed combustion gases via the recuperator 26 to a heat exchanger 34, from which they then exit into the ambient atmosphere. In the recuperator 26, part of the thermal energy contained in the combustion gases still emerging at a relatively high temperature from the turbine part 32 is transferred to the air compressed by the compressor 24 and flowing to the combustion chamber 28.
• Ammonia which is evaporated from the liquid phase to the supercritical state at the temperatures prevailing in the heat exchange gases flowing into the heat exchanger 34 from the recuperator 26.
• the ammonia steam then enters the steam turbine 20, in which it is expanded and cooled.
• the work done in the steam turbine is transferred to the three-phase generator 22.
• the relaxed and cooled, but still vaporous ammonia is then condensed in a condenser unit 36 by additional cooling and then reclaimed to the heat exchanger 34 in liquid form by two pumps 38 and 40 connected in series with a stepwise increase in pressure.
• the liquid ammonia is supplied with heat from the cooling of the generators and waste heat obtained in the oil cooling of the sets. Additional preheating of the liquid ammonia is obtained by condensing and feeding gaseous ammonia at a higher temperature into the branch of the line 42 running between the pumps 38, 40. This serves to preheat the liquid ammonia Proportion of gaseous ammonia is obtained by tapping the steam turbine 20, from which the tapped steam is fed via line 43 to the condenser 50 switched on in line 42.
• Gas turbine process available temperatures can be evaporated in the supercritical state and no vacuum is required for the condensation of the ammonia vapor emerging from the steam turbine 20 after the work at ambient temperature.
• the gas-steam turbine system 110 shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to the gas-steam turbine system 10 according to FIG. 1 in its basic circuit structure, so that in order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, it is sufficient to describe only the changes made compared to the latter system 10, especially since those with the Components of the system 10 corresponding components of the gas-steam turbine system 110 with the same reference numerals, but prefixed "1" are designated.
• the schematic circuit diagram of the gas-steam turbine plant 110 deviates from the representation of the plant 10 in FIG. 1 in that the gas turbine plant part 114 and the steam turbine plant part 118 are not nested one above the other, but nested one inside the other there is obviously no fundamental functional difference. Deviates from the gas-steam turbine system 10.
• Turbine part 132b divided, which each drive separate ⁇ ⁇ three-phase generators 116a, 116b and waves.
• ⁇ 130a or 130b are each coupled to separate compressors 124b, 124a connected in series.
• An additional oil or gas-fired combustion chamber 128b is connected between the low-pressure turbine part 132a and the high-pressure turbine part 132b, in which the combustion gases 128a primarily generated in the combustion chamber 128a connected upstream of the low-pressure turbine part 132a before entering the high-pressure turbine part 132b heat energy is supplied again. Otherwise, the system corresponds. 110 of Appendix 10.
• FIG. 3 shows a gas turbine plant 210 is darge represents extending described with respect to those shown in Figure 1 und.- in connection with this figure, system 10 differs only ⁇ that the actual turbine part -. 232 of the gas turbine 214 or a combustion chamber 152 is connected downstream, which is not only used for afterburning and thus increasing the temperature level of the combustion gases emerging from the turbine part 232, but also as a combustion chamber for solid fuels, ie preferably coal, because the combustion chamber has no machine or dust-sensitive machine aggregates. egate more. are switched.
• the afterburning combustion chamber 252 can be fired with any fuels and thus also with coal. It is clear that with a correspondingly powerful design of the afterburning combustion chamber 252, the air supplied by the compressor 224 in the recuperator 226 can also be supplied with such an amount of heat that the oil or gas fired combustion chamber 228 can be omitted entirely.
• the gas-steam turbine system 310 corresponds to the representation of FIG. 2, the circuit can be interpreted functionally as an additional further developed combination of the circuits according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
• each of these turbine parts is assigned a separate recuperator 326a or 326b, which is used to heat up the high-pressure Turbine part 332a incoming air. or the combustion gases flowing to the low-pressure turbine part 332b, the oil or gas-fired combustion chamber 328a or 328b assigned to the respective turbine part being arranged downstream of the respective recuperator 326a or 326b in the flow direction of the air or the combustion gases.
• the two recuperators, on the secondary side, are connected in series and flowed through by the combustion gases emerging from the low-pressure turbine part 323b.
• the combustion gases emerging from the low-pressure turbine part are also post-burned, in the present case by two post-combustion combustors 352b and 352a, which can be fired with solid fuel, ie coal, each in the flow direction upstream of the recuperator 326b and 326a are arranged.
• solid fuel ie coal
• the oil or gas fired gas turbine combustors 32.8a it is also possible.
• the components of the system 310 are again provided with the reference symbols of the corresponding components in the systems 110 and 210, the first digit of each reference symbol, however, being a "3".
• FIG. 5 shows a gas-steam turbine system 410 corresponding to the system 110 shown in FIG. 2 both with respect to the gas turbine system part 112 and with respect to the steam turbine system part 118, in which only the steam turbine system part 418 is further developed in that:
• a small part of the vaporous ammonia emerging from the steam turbine 420 is drawn off and transferred via a branch line 456 into the combustion gases emerging from the heat exchanger 434 serving as a steam generator and mixed with these.
• the draw-off quantity is controlled in such a way that it is sufficient to substantially completely reduce the sulfur and / or nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion gases in a subsequent catalytic converter (not shown) to molecular nitrogen.
• FIG. 6 shows a system 110 ′ which largely corresponds in terms of circuitry in the system 110 according to FIG. 2, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 2 also being used for the functionally important system parts.
• the comparison of the drawing figures shows that the only difference in terms of circuitry lies in the fact that no generator is coupled to the high-pressure turbine part 132a, so that electrical power is thus obtained exclusively from the generator 116b coupled to the low-pressure turbine part 132b.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (7)

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• 1988
  • 1988-01-21 DE DE19883801605 patent/DE3801605C1/de not_active Expired
  • 1988-11-08 EP EP19880910035 patent/EP0349611A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-11-08 JP JP63509431A patent/JPH02502393A/ja active Pending
  • 1988-11-08 WO PCT/EP1988/001008 patent/WO1989004914A1/de not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (7)

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