Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
  • B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
  • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
  • F16C2204/80—Amorphous alloys
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
  • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
  • F16C2223/42—Coating surfaces by spraying the coating material, e.g. plasma spraying
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
  • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
  • F16C2223/44—Coating surfaces by casting molten material on the substrate
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
  • F16C2226/30—Material joints
  • F16C2226/36—Material joints by welding
  • F16C2226/38—Material joints by welding with ultrasonic welding
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
  • F16C2226/30—Material joints
  • F16C2226/40—Material joints with adhesive

Definitions

• the invention relates to a layered material, in particular for the production of sliding elements, with at least one carrier layer and a functional layer made of metal alloy, in particular metallic dispersion alloy.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing such a layer material.
• the known layered materials of this type have a more or less inhomogeneous structure in the functional layer, which in some cases of application of such a layer material, particularly in the case of sliding elements, has disadvantages.
• This inhomogeneity occurs in functional layers made of real metallic alloys due to crystallization or recrystallization phenomena.
• Such inhomogeneity occurs even more strongly and correspondingly disadvantageously in functional layers made of dispersion alloy. Since such dispersion alloys are generally formed from metallic constituents with very different weights, the heavier portions, for example lead in aluminum / lead dispersion alloys, have a strong tendency to segregate. Many paths have therefore already been taken in order to provide such dispersion alloys with the finest and most uniform possible distribution of the dispersed metal portion in the metallic matrix.
• DE-OS 31 37 752 has disclosed the formation of metal powders by atomizing a melt mixture and sintering this metal powder together on the carrier layer.
• this method leads to a highly inhomogeneous structure of the functional layer.
• the metal alloy of the functional layer is in an amorphous state, in the case of dispersion alloys at least its matrix component is amorphous and the dispersed metal component is globally and sub-microscopically finely distributed in the amorphous metallic matrix. . -
• the functional layer is provided with significantly improved properties due to the amorphous state of its material.
• the strength of the functional layer is significantly increased.
• the shear modulus is considerably lower than with corresponding crystalline alloys.
• the elasticity of the functional layer is significantly increased.
• the ductility and toughness of the functional layer were improved. All of these improved properties come into their own when the functional layer is used as a sliding layer.
• sliding layers made of aluminum / lead dispersion alloys for example those with a lead content between 8% and 40% by mass, or sliding layers made of lead bronze, come into consideration among many possibilities.
• the lead portion is then globally distributed in the respective aluminum matrix or copper matrix.
• a method is considered in which an alloy melt or the melt mixture of a dispersion alloy with the desired alloy composition is poured out under high pressure to form a film strip and with a cooling rate between approximately 10 6 and approximately 109 K / s is quenched to achieve the amorphous state - at least the matrix component in the case of a dispersion alloy - and in which the film strip thus formed is plated onto the carrier layer while maintaining the amorphous state of its metallic material.
• This method can be carried out, for example by spraying a fine jet of the alloy melt or the melt mixture onto a rotating, forcibly cooled cylinder for the continuous formation of a film strip, the outer surface of this cylinder not being bonded to the
• Alloy melt or a component of the melt mixture should enter. With this procedure, however, only the side of the film strip lying on the cylinder surface is cooled. However, if desired, the exposed surface of the film strip can also be cooled, for example by means of cold gas jets or cooled rollers.
• Another method of production in the context of the method according to the invention provides that the foil strip is formed by injecting one or more parallel fine jets of the alloy melt or of the melt mixture into a roll gap, the rolls being cooled and no binding to the alloy melt or to their outer surfaces Should form part of the melt mixture.
• foil tapes of several centimeters wide and about 0.5 mm thick can be produced safely and continuously in this way, preferably in a finished thickness of the intended functional layer.
• the process according to the invention can be significantly improved if one or more crystallization inhibitors (glass formers) are added to the alloy melt or the melt mixture in a total amount between about 0.2 to 2.0% by weight.
• glass formers crystallization inhibitors
• silicon, boron, phosphorus, iron, cobalt, titanium for example, may be used individually or as a mixture as crystallization inhibitors (glass formers).
• connection of the film strip formed during the process according to the invention to the carrier layer must in any case be carried out while maintaining the amorphous state in the material of the film strip.
• plating the film strip onto the carrier layer with the aid of ultrasound welding or explosion welding can be considered.
• an intermediate film of pure aluminum can be incorporated between the film band and the carrier layer in order to improve the bond strength. " The same can be taken into account when attaching foil tape with the main component copper using an intermediate foil made of pure copper.
• the foil tape can also be attached to the backing layer by soft soldering.
• FIG. 1 shows a greatly enlarged partial section of a layer material according to the invention in one embodiment
• FIG. 2 shows a greatly enlarged partial section through a layer material according to the invention of a second embodiment
• Fig. 3 is a diagram for a method of manufacturing a film strip from amorphous metallic material
• Fig. 4 is a diagram for a modified manufacturing method for a film strip made of amorphous metallic material
• FIG. 1 The example in FIG. 1 is a
• lead particles 14 dispersed in the globular, submicroscopic distribution are located in the amorphous aluminum matrix of the functional layer 13.
• the silicon is dissolved as a "glass former" in the amorphous aluminum matrix.
• the functional layer 13 is attached to the carrier layer 11 by ultrasound welding. Between the functional layer 13 and the carrier layer 11, a binding agent layer 12 made of pure aluminum is provided in this example.
• the carrier layer 11 of which is made of steel and which carries a functional layer 13 of lead bronze.
• the functional layer 13 contains an amorphous copper matrix and in this globular, submicroscopically finely distributed lead particles 15, of which only the larger lead particles appear in the illustration in FIG. 2, while the large amount of lead particles in the figure 2 selected magnification do not appear.
• FIG. 2 shows that in the amorphous copper matrix, the crystallization of the copper that was typical for lead bronze was avoided.
• the functional layer 13 is glued onto the carrier layer 11.
• the erkenn ⁇ in Figure 2 face the adhesive layer 16 in this example includes eben ⁇ conductive copper particles 17, which have been mixed in the form of a fei g en copper powder to the adhesive.
• a film strip 20 is first formed from the metallic material selected for the respective functional layer 13. This metallic material can vary depending on
• Purpose of the functional layer to be a more or less pure metal.
• a real metallic alloy or a metallic dispersion alloy becomes the material for the functional layer - q _
• Functional layers 13, which are intended to serve as sliding layers on sliding elements, can be considered, for example, on real metallic alloys, lead / tin alloys, lead / tin / copper alloys, lead / tin / antimony alloys, etc. 'Further, in consideration dispersion alloys based on aluminum / lead, aluminum / tin, aluminum / bismuth, aluminum / antimony, copper / lead, copper / iron, lead / iron and others.
• a crystallization inhibitor or "glass former" in a total amount of between about 0.2 to 2.0% by weight can preferably be added to the respective real metallic alloy or metallic dispersion alloy.
• silicon, boron, phosphorus, iron, cobalt, titanium and others can be considered.
• the alloy or the dispersion alloy is melted and placed in a crucible 21 which has an outlet 22 at its lower end for a fine jet 23 of the melt.
• the crucible 21 is supplied with a pressurized gas from the top, which is inert to the melt and also dissolves as little as possible in the melt.
• the crucible 21 is surrounded in the illustrative examples by an induction coil 25 with which the melt is kept at a predetermined temperature at which it is sufficiently liquid to be pressed through the outlet 22 and form a fine jet 23. If a dispersion alloy is to be processed, the
• Crucibles 21 additionally have stirring devices or vibrating devices which continuously mix the melt mixture of the dispersion alloy intensively and in a fine distribution of its mixture components. hold. These mixing devices or vibrating devices are not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for the sake of simplicity.
• the thin jet 23 of molten alloy or melt mixture of a dispersion alloy pressed out of the crucible strikes the surface of a strongly forced-cooled cylinder 26.
• the angle v is chosen so that the jet 23 immediately distributed in the manner of a narrow band without lateral spraying or splashing back on the surface of the cylinder 26.
• This band becomes thin like a film and very quickly cools to the film band 20 on the surface of the cooled cylinder 26.
• the cooling takes place primarily from the cylinder 26.
• the example in FIG. 3 provides that 27 jets 28 of cold gas or cold liquid are directed onto the film strip 20 by means of a nozzle arrangement.
• the film strip 20 After the film strip 20 has been taken along by the cylinder 26 for a predetermined distance, it is lifted off the cylinder 26 by means of a knife-type strip remover 29.
• the cooling speed of the film strip 20 on the cooled roller 26 with the cooperation of the cooling jets 28 is above 10 g K / s up to about 10 K / s. Accordingly, it is a real one
• Matrix-forming component of the dispersion alloy is in the amorphous state, while in This matrix dispersed component is globular, submicroscopically finely distributed in the matrix
• the melt of a metallic alloy provided for the functional layer 13 (FIGS. 1 and 2) or the melt mixture of a dispersion alloy is placed in a crucible 21 and pressurized there in accordance with arrow 24 by means of a gaseous medium.
• the crucible 21 allows the melt or the melt mixture to enter the roll gap 30 between two rolls 31 and 32 in a jet at its lower end 22. Both rollers 31 and 32 are strongly cooled.
• the width of the nip 30 is set in accordance with the desired thickness of the film strip 20 to be produced. As indicated in FIG.
• a small accumulation of melt or melt mixture is formed in front of the roller gap 30, without any significant delay in the transfer of the melt or the melt mixture from the outlet 22 of the crucible 21 into the roller gap 30 .
• the two rollers 31 and 32 thus do not exert any noteworthy pressure effect on the film strip to be formed, but only a certain smoothing effect on the surface of the film strip 20 being formed.
• the small material accumulation at the roller gap 30 results in a distribution of the melt or Melt mixture made in the axial direction of the rollers 31 and 32, so that film strips of greater width than in the case of Figure 3 can be produced.
• the crucible 21 is arranged in an inclined position with the angle ⁇ in order to in this way to inject the melt or the melt mixture pressurized in the crucible 21 directly into the roller gap 30.
• the surfaces of the rollers 31 and 32 are designed in such a way that they form virtually no bond with the molten alloy or an alloy component or one of the components of a dispersion alloy to be processed.
• the upper roller 32 is associated with a tape remover 33.
• a cooling nozzle 34 is initially provided which directs a jet of cold gaseous or liquid medium against the outlet of the roller nip 30 .
• the side of the film strip 20 remaining on the surface of the roller 31 is further cooled by the cooling roller 31.
• the cooling roller 31 is compared with a third cooling roller 35, which is strongly forced-cooled and to further cool the film strip 20 on the side quenched by the roller 32 and the coolant jet from the nozzle 34. Behind the third cooling roller 35 there is also a fourth cooling roller 36 which takes over the film strip from the roller 31. To this end, the roller 31 is assigned a belt pickup 37. For an effective edition de? Foil tape 20 on the surface of the fourth
• a likewise cooled pressure roller 38 is juxtaposed with the fourth cooling roller 36.
• the fourth cooling roller 36 then Foil tape 20 removed by means of a tape remover 39. Further cooling rolls are indicated at 34 'and 34 ".
• Example according to Figure 4 a further intensification of the cooling process is carried out, so that on the film strip
• Cooling rates ranging in size from 10 8 K / s to 109 K / s can be achieved. This results in the possibility of also film strips of greater thickness, for example
• the method of operation according to FIG. 4 also offers the possibility of producing wider film strips, in particular if a plurality of crucibles 21 are arranged next to one another along the roller gap 30.
• ⁇ S film tape produced according to one of the working methods according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 is then laminated onto a carrier layer, either by ultrasonic welding or explosion welding, with a corresponding pure metal foil 12 between the respective carrier layer 11 and the function layer 1 (FIG. 1 ) is to be inserted, for example a foil made of pure aluminum or a foil made of pure copper.
• a carrier layer either by ultrasonic welding or explosion welding
• a corresponding pure metal foil 12 between the respective carrier layer 11 and the function layer 1 (FIG. 1 ) is to be inserted, for example a foil made of pure aluminum or a foil made of pure copper.
• functional layers 13 based on copper to solder the film web produced in the manner described above by soft soldering on the carrier, for example a steel strip previously copper-coated on the side receiving the functional layer fasten. Adhesive bonds, as explained above in connection with FIG. 2, can also be considered.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
• Continuous Casting (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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ID=6335988

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Cited By (4)

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Citations (7)

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• 1987
  • 1987-09-15 DE DE19873730862 patent/DE3730862A1/de active Granted
• 1988
  • 1988-09-13 WO PCT/DE1988/000567 patent/WO1989002365A1/de unknown

Patent Citations (7)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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