Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
  • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
  • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
  • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays

Definitions

• the subject of the invention is a procedure for producing stereoscopic stills and/or motion pictures , by means of which pictures are broken down into parts or image-points, respectively, and a device- necessary for implementation of this procedure .
• a typical procedure is to mount pictures cut previously into stripes and covered by a set of refractive prisms or semicylinders . These picture s appear to be one , when looked at binocularly from a suitable distance and at proper angles of look-down, and a stereoscopic picture is produced in this way.
• stereoscopic postcards are produced for example or those pictures that are seen to be different when changing the angle of look -down, and that' s why the picture or parts ot it seem to move .
• An other group of stereoscopic pictures is in which picture s are visible- stereo scopically by the aid of eye-glasse s with colour or polar filter-.. These consist of two pictures , the one drawn, projected or photographed onto the other, which are seen , however , separately by the two eyas upon the effect of the eye-glassas .
• Yet another group is formed by the methods, in which pictures can be seen by a viewer or other optical device, e. g. by the insertion of different rasters or screens. The two eyes see the pictures different by the aid of the refractive or reflecting system and a stereoscopic effect w ill be felt in this way.
• the principle of these methods is similar to that of operation of the stereo sound recorders and radiators.
• Holograms represent a new trend. They are real three-dimensional pictures produced by laser technique, i. e. by an object-beam ani an interfering reference beam.
• T V- equipment of films projected from behind and risible from a right distance and at suitable angles , and with a set of refractive prisms or semicylinders put on the screen.
• An other group is formed by the procedures, in which films or TV-programs can be seen, by eye-glasses witk colour or polar filter, or by alternately "on-off" eye-glasses that work either mechanically or by liquid crystals.
• An additional group is formed by those methods , in which the film or TV-program can be seen by a viewer or other optical device , i. e . in which the two eyes see a different picture by the aid of an inserted refractive or reflecting system.
• Holograms are applied to motion pictures , too.
• the system that works mechanically is composed of many still holograms as frames.
• D isclosure of Invention
• the aim of the invention is to accomplish a procedure and a matching device , by the aid of which difficulties and shortages of the methods known so far can be eliminated or reduced, and the realization of which does not requirre special means, i. e . it is not expensive.
• the dominant idea of the invention is as follows.
• the basic characteristic of stereoscopic pictures is that they offer a different sight, when looked at from different directions. Breaking down the picture into parts up to a proper extent, these parts will also offer a different sight, when looked at from different directions . Continuing of breaking down into parts as small as possible or breaking down the picture into elements , respectively, will result in image-points, again now high now low in key or showing different colours , each, when looked at from different directions.
• the break-down of a picture into parts is carried out by producing each of the parts or image-points by a separate small collecting lens.
• a small picture is placed into the focal plane or within that of the condensor behind the lens , the individual parts of the picture will appear differently on the surface of the lens, when looked at from different directions.
• the smaller the lenses, i. e. the image-points the farther the picture can be looked in a given case, and the more convex the lenses, i. e . the smaller the focal distances , the wider the angle at which it can be looked at and the better the stereoscopic effect.
• the ideal size of the lens occasionally can be calculated depending on the axis distance of the human eyes , as well as on the distance between the plate containing the image and the object and the viewer. Smaller lens than this isn't worth using because the quality of the picture shouldn't be enhanced.
• lens-system optical grid can be applied when interferogram is produced.
• the spatial picture of an object is transformed into many small images of different viewpoint, appearing either two-dimensionally or on a spherical shell. Then they are recorded in this state - or transmitted and projected - and transformed again into a stereoscopic picture .
• the way of producing a stereoscopic motion picture is to record /e. g. to film or to transmit/ the spatial picture of the moving object after it had been transformed into minute two-dimensional images or interferogram and then, projecting it on a screen, to make it stereoscopic again by means of the small lenses, or optical grid.
• stereoscopic stills and motion pictures can be realized practically in different ways.
• plates of the same principle and with different forms of construction are used.
• One of them is a plate /film/ made of transparent material covered on both sides by intersecting surfaces of spherical shell wedges . The elements of the image appear on such surfaces on tue one side of the plate.
• This construction can be used, in the first line, for stereoscopic stills with image-points of a very small size.
• Another one of them is a plate /film/ made of transparent material, the one side of which is plain with the elementary images on it, while the other side consists of elements of convex lenses , in the focal plane of which - or within that - is the plain side of the plate .
• the device /plate/ is designed according to the invention, offers lens system-like constructions with, several plates consisting of lens elements, and put on one another. This construction is workable mainly in producing motion pictures.
• Photographing itself /filming, video recording, etc. / can also be performed in different ways.
• One possible way is to illuminate the object placed on the otheer side of the plate made according to the invention and coated oh the one side with photosensitive material, or to put the plate /film/ in a lightproof box /case / with a slot on it, and then to expose camera-like . Subsequently, the plate /film/ is to be developed that results in a negative, i. e . "reversed” /also in space/ picture . The next step is to repeat the procedure with a sim ilar plate to obtain a positive picture from the negative one.
• the other way is to expose one time through the plate functioning as reversing lenses , suitably using an emulsion that lightens upon light, to get a positive picture directly.
• the "reversing" plate consists of two plates fitted or sticked together by their plain sides.
• fictive image elements are recorded and transmitted, respectively, by a common camera or tele -camera.
• Methods suitable for producing motion picture s are essentially based on those described and used in producing stills , with the difference that image elements will not be recorded directly on the surface of the plate, but will be recorded and transmitted, respectively, by a camera or tele- camera.
• images appearing on the plain side of a plate can be recorded - by inserting a plate functioning as reversing lense s at a double focal distance - on a plain photosensitive film /photographic plate or paper/ placed at an additional double focal distance , or by a cam era after intercepting the images on a screen.
• - stereoscopic drawings or animated cartoons can also be made by a computer, according to the method of the invention, - stereoscopic image of non- existing objects /e. g. scheme/ can also be produced,
• - Fig. 1 shows an image element transformed by a lens, from several directions of the look -down /part-Figs. 1/a, 1/b, 1/c/.
• - Fig.2 shows a stereoscopic image-point produced by lenses with focus in the same plane.
• - Fig.3 shows the sketch-like cross- section of one of the construction designs of the plate shaped according to the invention.
• - Fig.4 shows the sketch-like cross-section of an other construction design.
• FIG. 5 shows the sketch-like section of an additional construction design.
• FIG. 6 shows the sketch of construction design of a lens system, in section.
• - Fig. 7 shows a version of producing a stereoscopic picture.
• Fig. 8 shows a variant of arrangements for producing stereoscopic stills or motion pictures.
• - Fig.9 shows an additional variant of arrangements.
• - Fig. 10 shows the plate constructed with a lens system, in top-vie and in bottom-view /part-Figs. 10/A, 10/B/, side-view /part-Figs. 10/C, 10/D / and in section /part-Figs. 10/E , 10/F/ , respectively, while part- -Figs. 10/G , 10/H and 10/I show a lens element with the corresponding piece of image plane, in top-view and in side-view, respectively.
• FIG. 3 shows a plate /film /11 / of a thickness of "v" , made of transparent material and covered by a surface consisting of intersecting spherical wedges of radius r 1 , and r 2 , respectively, both on the side of the look-down and on the other.
• Image elements k 1 , k 2 , k 3 , etc. appear on such surfaces of one of the two sides .
• This construction design can be used, in the first line, for stereoscopic stills with image -points of a very small size.
• Fig. 4 a construction design is seen, in which the plate /film /11 / is made again, of transparent material, the one side of which is a plain surface /17/ , while the other "n" - the one of the look -down - consists of convex lens elements /10/ .
• the focal plane of the latter is the plate 11 itself or, to be more precise , it coincides with side "g" of it.
• Fig. 5 shows two lens systems consisting of lens elements /10/, put on one another, the upper plate 1, of which is covered by convex lenses, and turned with this side /covered by lenses / t owards the direction "n" of the look-down, while the plain surface /17 / of the lower plate 1 2 , is turned towards the plain image " S" .
• T his arrangement is suitable mainly for producing motion pictures .
• Fig. 6 shows another possible construction design of a complex lens system.
• Primary image elements /1 2/ are produced by means of plate 11 consisting of lens elements 10 and with a plain side 17 on its lower part. These primary image elements will appear on a small spherical surface - either concave or convex -, each. However, these will not be recorded
• Fig. 7 an arrangement is shown, in which plate 11 /as was shown in Fig. 4// or L 1 , respectively, is ⁇ sed , the plain side 17 of w hich is coated with a photosensitive layer K 1 .
• Another way of procedure is to place a photosensitive plate , film or paper on the plain side 17 of plate 1 1, instead of the photosensitive layer.
• Fig. 8 shows a method , in whidi fictive image elements are recorded or transmitted, respectively, by a common camera or tele-camera , through a plate with concave lens elements on the one side and with a plain surface on the other , or through a plate with concave lens elements on its both sides.
• the plate composed of concave lens elements is marked w ith L 1
• the plate composed of convex lens elements with L 2 the plane of the fictive image elements with "F”
• the camera is marked with "K”
• the projector with "V” the object with "T”
• the stereoscopic image of the object with "T ' " and the side of the look-down with "n” is marked with "K” , the projector with "V” , the object with "T” , the stereoscopic image of the object with "T ' " and the side of the look-down with "n” .
• Fig. 9 an arrangement similar to that in Fig. 7 is shown , with the difference that image elements are not recorded directly on the plain surface , in this case , but by a camera, or tele-camera. Marking is the same as in Fig . 8.
• the reversing plate is marked with L 3 .
• Fig. 10 its part- Figs. 10 /A and 10/B show a plate /11/ made of transparent material - polystyrene, in this case -, in top-view and in bottom- view.
• Fig. 10/A shows that the upper surface consists of lens elements, i. e . of spherical shells
• the bottom- view by Fig. 10/B shows that the lower side of the plate is a plain surface /17/.
• Fig. 10/C shows plate 11 in front- view enlarged, while Fig. 10/D in side-view enlarged.
• Fig. 10/E shows E-E section of Fig. 10/B on a large scale
• Fig. 1 0/F shows F-F section of Fig. 10/B on a large scale.
• lens elements 10 on the upper surface of plate 11 are intersecting, that' s why they exhibit a hexagonal, honeycomb -like pattern in top-view. This is shown considerably enlarged in Fig. 10/G .
• the individual lens elements 10 can be made as separate pieces /1 8/, like those shown in Figs . 10 /B and 10/I, but the whole plate 11 can also be made of a single piece, in form of a stripe or band. In the latter case , choosing, of course, a suitable material and size, one can get a reliable , film-like tool, that is easy to fit together, and its production does not entail any special technical problems.
• the above mentioned polystyrene plate will be put on a plain photograph L-hat had been produced by the procedure shown in Fig. 8.
• the cinematograph will be projected on the plain side of the polystyrene plate.
• the cinematograph can be produced by the procedure shown in Fig. 8.

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Cameras Adapted For Combination With Other Photographic Or Optical Apparatuses (AREA)
• Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=10948561

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (15)

Citations (3)

• 1987
  • 1987-01-26 HU HU87223A patent/HU205809B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1988
  • 1988-01-22 AU AU11510/88A patent/AU1151088A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1988-01-22 WO PCT/HU1988/000001 patent/WO1988005554A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-01-22 EP EP88901083A patent/EP0299031A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-01-22 JP JP63501156A patent/JPH01502696A/ja active Pending
  • 1988-01-22 BR BR8804965A patent/BR8804965A/pt unknown
  • 1988-01-26 IL IL85218A patent/IL85218A0/xx unknown
  • 1988-01-26 ZA ZA880534A patent/ZA88534B/xx unknown
  • 1988-01-26 NZ NZ223305A patent/NZ223305A/xx unknown
  • 1988-01-26 CN CN88100970A patent/CN1032244A/zh active Pending
  • 1988-01-26 DD DD88312433A patent/DD269468A5/de unknown
  • 1988-09-15 FI FI884251A patent/FI884251A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-09-23 NO NO884244A patent/NO884244D0/no unknown
  • 1988-09-24 KR KR1019880701163A patent/KR890700849A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-09-26 DK DK534588A patent/DK534588D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (3)

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