WO1988000668A1 - Tuyau en polyethylene avec thermoresistance integree en vue de sa connexion par soudage electrique - Google Patents

Tuyau en polyethylene avec thermoresistance integree en vue de sa connexion par soudage electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988000668A1
WO1988000668A1 PCT/IT1987/000067 IT8700067W WO8800668A1 WO 1988000668 A1 WO1988000668 A1 WO 1988000668A1 IT 8700067 W IT8700067 W IT 8700067W WO 8800668 A1 WO8800668 A1 WO 8800668A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
resistor
expanded portion
terminals
polyethylene
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1987/000067
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paolo Bonazelli
Original Assignee
Paolo Bonazelli
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paolo Bonazelli filed Critical Paolo Bonazelli
Publication of WO1988000668A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988000668A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00Producing tubular articles
    • B29D23/001Pipes; Pipe joints
    • B29D23/003Pipe joints, e.g. straight joints
    • B29D23/005Pipe joints, e.g. straight joints provided with electrical wiring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/348Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene

Definitions

  • This invention relates to polyethylene pipe with integrated elec ⁇ tric resistance thermowelding system. More particularly the invention relates to polyethylene socket-ended pipe, equipped with a cylindrical winding of metallic wire, firmly lodged within the socket, both ter ⁇ minals of which can be reached from the outside, so that two pipes can be permanently joined by thermowelding through insertion of unexpanded end into said socket and connection of wiring to electric power supply.
  • thermowelding In case of polyethylene, being given its low melting point,as well as its features of fluidity and amalgability, junction by thermowelding is specially advantageous. Both edges to be joined are heated up to a tem ⁇ perature sufficient for causing some limited melting, then they are coupled, so that material, upon solidification, creates a continuity between the two pieces.
  • Sleeve coupling systems with electrical resistance have been late ⁇ ly adopted, which doubtlessly offer a better guarantee for connection reliability and call for less assembly labor; they include a polyethylene sleeve whose inside diameter is about equal to the outside diameter of main pipe, which sleeve is fitted on the two pipe ends to be joined, and then thermowelding is performed through a wire coil covering its inside surface: when electric power is applied to said coil, heat produced by Joule effect causes the melting of the external surfaces of both the pipe ends as well as of the sleeve's internal surface. The two fused surfaces are mutually welded, thus forming one whole block.
  • thermowelding junction system without using any additional element; this is made possible by associ ⁇ ation of the basic principle of bell joint with that of joint with sleeve and electric resistance.
  • the invention therefore provides, at one end of each pipe bar, a bell type expanded portion, inside which a wire winding is lodged, whose terminals can be reached from outside, so that a simple and quick coupling by thermowelding can be performed through inserting the plain end of one pipe bar in the above-described expanded end of the next pipe bar.
  • a polyethylene pipe with integrated electric resistance thermowelding system including a sub ⁇ stantially cylindrical expanded portion at one of its ends and a resistor formed by a wire coil, showing both terminal at the same end, the axial length of which does not exceed that of said expanded portion, and whose outside diameter practically coincides with the inside one of said ex ⁇ panded portion, and lodged inside same in such a way that both terminals can be reached from outside, the inside diameter of said resistor being equal, but for a small clearance, to pipe's outside diameter, so that the two ends of a pipe section be complementary.
  • Pipe bar according to the invention can be connected one to an ⁇ other by inserting the unexpanded end of one into the complementary end of the other and by supplying electric power to the interposed resistor, in the amount required for heat-fusing the plastic material; it is clear that such a type of coupling is considerably more economic and easier to implement than the conventional ones.
  • Pipe bars according to the invention can moreover be connected, by exploiting the proposed coupling system, to any fitting or piping com ⁇ ponent equipped with complementary ends.
  • the terminal expanded portion can be manufactured separately and then fixedly connected to a plain pipe bar, but much more advantageously it can be formed by one socket integral with the pipe itself, obtained by working one of its ends.
  • Axial length of the socket and of the resistor housed therein can vary according to pipe's NP, that is nominal pressure for which the pipe has been designed.
  • the resistor is made up by one compact helical coil of wire covered by a thin poly ⁇ ethylene insulating layer; this makes the handling of resistor easier dur ⁇ ing the manufacture of the joint and, besides, while assembling the pipe the polyethylene covering melts thus adding continuity to the joint.
  • Lugs can be joined to the resistance terminals at the edge of the socket, in order to ensure quick and steady connection to elec ⁇ tric power supply.
  • Lugs are preferably housed In two hollows provided on the bell's Inside surface, adjacent to its edge. Alternatively a circular groove can be provided internally on the bell's edge, supplying the space required for lodging both lugs.
  • Said lugs are oriented parallel to pipe axis, but it is also pos ⁇ sible to fasten them to the socket edge, so that orientation of their ends Is perpendicular to said axis.
  • Another solution can be that of providing, instead of lugs, a couple of plugs passing through the thickness of bell wall and protruding outside, suitable for connection to female terminals.
  • An alternative solution falling within the basic concept of this invention, provides for placing the electric winding outside the pipe's plain end, instead of inserting it within the socket end.
  • a polyethylene pipe with integrated electric resistance thermowelding system including a substantially cylindrical expanded por ⁇ tion at one of its ends and a resistor formed by a wire coil, showing both terminals at the same end, the axial length of which does not ex ⁇ ceed that of said expanded portion, and whose inside diameter practically coincides with the outside one of said pipe, and being assembled around the plain end of the pipe, in such a way that said terminals be turned opposite the pipe edge, being the outside diameter of said resistor equal, but for a small clearance, to the inside diameter, of said expanded por ⁇ tion, so that the two ends of a pipe section be complementary.
  • End 2 is a plain end of unworked pipe, while end 1 is provided with bell 3 and resistor 4, made up of a helical coil of wire.
  • the re ⁇ sistor 4 looks like a compact block, since the wire is coated with a thin polyethylene layer making up its insulation, which makes it easier, as already said, the thermowelding of the two parts.
  • Pipe shown is produced by a suitable bell-forming operation, which is performed directly after extrusion, through on-line process. Based on the times necessary for the bell-forming operation, which comprises an oven heating phase and an expanding phase, provision should be made for one or more parallel lines, connected to the extrusion one.
  • the cylindrical resistor After expanding, the cylindrical resistor is inserted into the bell- shaped end, and then blocked in its housing by material's shrinkage, due to cooling. As a last phase, the pipe undergoes some quick cooling, for instance in a tank; said cooling blocks the socket in its shape, thus avoiding that it lose the shape obtained by the expansion, owing to poly ⁇ ethylene's strong thermic memory.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Un tuyau en polyéthylène, ayant un système de thermosoudage à résistance électrique intégré, comprend un manchon sensiblement cylindrique (3) au niveau de l'une de ses extrémités, manchon dans lequel est disposée une résistance (4) pourvue d'une bobine de fil, la longueur axiale de ladite résistance ne dépassant pas celle dudit manchon (3) et son diamètre extérieur coïncidant pratiquement avec le diamètre intérieur dudit manchon. Le diamètre intérieur de la résistance (4) est égal, à un petit espace libre près, au diamètre extérieur du tuyau (2), de façon à permettre aux deux extrémités du tuyau (1 et 2) d'être complémentaires. On peut ainsi réunir par thermosoudage un tuyau avec un tronçon de tuyau adjacent égal ou avec un raccord présentant au moins une extrémité complémentaire, en insérant simplement l'extrémité (10) dans l'extrémité évasée contenant la résistance et en fournissant un courant électrique à ladite résistance de manière à produire un joint par thermofusion.
PCT/IT1987/000067 1986-07-22 1987-07-01 Tuyau en polyethylene avec thermoresistance integree en vue de sa connexion par soudage electrique WO1988000668A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8648290A IT8648290A0 (it) 1986-07-22 1986-07-22 Tubo in polietilene con sistema di termosaldatura a resistenza elettrica incorporato
IT48290-A/86 1986-07-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988000668A1 true WO1988000668A1 (fr) 1988-01-28

Family

ID=11265712

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT1987/000067 WO1988000668A1 (fr) 1986-07-22 1987-07-01 Tuyau en polyethylene avec thermoresistance integree en vue de sa connexion par soudage electrique

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0283478A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01500452A (fr)
CN (1) CN87104983A (fr)
AU (1) AU7701687A (fr)
DD (1) DD263022A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2006523A6 (fr)
GR (1) GR871152B (fr)
IT (1) IT8648290A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988000668A1 (fr)
YU (1) YU134187A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA875163B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0585974A2 (fr) * 1989-01-11 1994-03-09 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Joint obtenu par électrosoudage et son application dans un distributeur d'eau chaude
GB2273260A (en) * 1992-12-08 1994-06-15 Hepworth Building Prod Forming a joint using an inductively heated element.
WO1998053241A1 (fr) * 1997-05-22 1998-11-26 Uponor Limited Accessoire de fusion thermique
WO2011009178A1 (fr) * 2009-07-21 2011-01-27 Poly Easy Comercial Ltda. Élément de revêtement et procédé de revêtement de conduits de service
WO2023152544A1 (fr) * 2022-02-10 2023-08-17 Ali Ahmadi Raccords en plastique pe-rt soudables à l'arc ou thermiquement pour tuyaux à cinq couches pe-rt/aluminium/pe-rt et moules et joints de soudage associés

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR960010236B1 (ko) * 1991-04-19 1996-07-26 세끼스이 가가꾸 고오교오 가부시끼가이샤 관 접속용 부재
DE102008019761B3 (de) * 2008-04-18 2009-06-04 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Wärmetauscher mit expandierbaren Kunststoff-Endrohren
SE535537C2 (sv) * 2011-01-04 2012-09-11 Tsc Innovation Ab Förfarande och anordning för svetsning av rör
DE102012107504A1 (de) * 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Rehau Ag + Co Verfahren zum fluiddichten Verbinden
CN104896209B (zh) * 2015-05-21 2017-03-22 杭州联通管业有限公司 一种内嵌电热熔带的聚乙烯塑料管的制作方法
ES2581377B1 (es) * 2016-05-13 2017-05-30 Abn Pipe Systems, S.L.U. Dispositivo de conexión para elementos de tubería
CN110657305A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2020-01-07 谭连平 塑料管组合式密封连接方法
CN110529687A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-12-03 谭连平 塑料管组合式密封连接装置
CN110667127A (zh) * 2019-10-22 2020-01-10 华创天元实业发展有限责任公司 带功能层塑料管材对接焊工艺方法
CN112303368A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2021-02-02 宏升塑胶(杭州)有限公司 一种便于连接的塑料管道
CN114562625A (zh) * 2022-03-02 2022-05-31 姜成旭 一种网状导磁热熔圈诱导焊接方式的承接口连接结构
CN115711332B (zh) * 2022-12-05 2023-05-16 广东东方管业有限公司 一种用于钢丝网缠绕聚乙烯复合管的连接结构及连接方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2353381A1 (fr) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-30 Pont A Mousson Procede d'assemblage par soudure de tubes plastiques et raccord pour un tel assemblage
FR2497916A1 (fr) * 1976-03-22 1982-07-16 Sturm Werner Manchon soudable en matiere thermoplastique
FR2522389A1 (fr) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-02 Sloane Mfg Co R & G Joint, raccord, manchon de raccordement et procede pour reunir des articles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2497916A1 (fr) * 1976-03-22 1982-07-16 Sturm Werner Manchon soudable en matiere thermoplastique
FR2353381A1 (fr) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-30 Pont A Mousson Procede d'assemblage par soudure de tubes plastiques et raccord pour un tel assemblage
FR2522389A1 (fr) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-02 Sloane Mfg Co R & G Joint, raccord, manchon de raccordement et procede pour reunir des articles

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0585974A2 (fr) * 1989-01-11 1994-03-09 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Joint obtenu par électrosoudage et son application dans un distributeur d'eau chaude
EP0585974A3 (en) * 1989-01-11 1996-02-07 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Electrofusion joint and hot water supply header using the same
GB2273260A (en) * 1992-12-08 1994-06-15 Hepworth Building Prod Forming a joint using an inductively heated element.
WO1998053241A1 (fr) * 1997-05-22 1998-11-26 Uponor Limited Accessoire de fusion thermique
US6585924B1 (en) 1997-05-22 2003-07-01 Uponor Limited Heat fusion fitting
US6998588B2 (en) 1997-05-22 2006-02-14 Uponor Limited Heat fusion fitting
WO2011009178A1 (fr) * 2009-07-21 2011-01-27 Poly Easy Comercial Ltda. Élément de revêtement et procédé de revêtement de conduits de service
WO2023152544A1 (fr) * 2022-02-10 2023-08-17 Ali Ahmadi Raccords en plastique pe-rt soudables à l'arc ou thermiquement pour tuyaux à cinq couches pe-rt/aluminium/pe-rt et moules et joints de soudage associés

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01500452A (ja) 1989-02-16
DD263022A1 (de) 1988-12-21
ES2006523A6 (es) 1989-05-01
ZA875163B (en) 1988-01-19
GR871152B (en) 1987-11-20
IT8648290A0 (it) 1986-07-22
YU134187A (en) 1989-02-28
AU7701687A (en) 1988-02-10
CN87104983A (zh) 1988-02-03
EP0283478A1 (fr) 1988-09-28

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