Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
  • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
  • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
  • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
  • B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material

Definitions

• a method and an apparatus for producing compound block members, especially building blocks having a heat insulating intermediate layer is provided.
• the present invention relates to a method for successive production of block members, especially lightweight concrete blocks, by assembling at least two mutually separated block elements by means of an intermediate filling of binding material, preferably of heat insulating foam material, which method is of the type indicated in the introductory clause of Claim 1.
• Such block members are very advantageous for use in the construction industry, as they are usable for building double-brick walls with an interior layer of a stable insulation material;
• the use of lightweight concrete elements with an interposed foam material e.g. stiff polyurethane foam, may condition the block elements to be relatively large, whereby it is possible to build up a double-brick wall rapidly, which as an integral part will comprise the necessary wall cavity insulation which may even have a strengthening effect.
• the foam material may remain stable, i.e. without collapsing in the wall.
• such lightweight concrete building blocks have been produced in moulding boxes, in which the block elements are placed at the opposite ends of the box, and a foaming foam material is supplied to the space between the elements.
• the moulding box is made to fit tightly about this moulding space, such that the foam material is kept inside the concerned space, i.e. as far as possible without flowing onto the exterior surfaces of the elements, which, however, has proven difficult to avoid.
• This practically purely manual production method is difficult and costly, but the products are so advantageous that it has been realistic to use it.
• the conveyor consisting of the carrier plates is forwarded through a rather acutely bent path at a supply station for the block elements, whereby the rearmost long carrier plate in the straight portion of the conveyor is able to receive the block elements by a horizontal insertion of these from behind, the following short carrier plate being tilted so far downwards that its associated end mould plate is placed in a rearwardly and possibly slightly upwardly projecting position, in which its top portion is situated below the level of the long carrier plate such that the said mould plate will not obstruct the insertion of the block elements.
• This arrangement requires that the system operate in an intermittent manner, as it would not otherwise be possible at a reasonable operating speed to insert the block elements before the rearmost mould plate is swung upwards above the level at which the elements are supplied.
• the known system also presents certain other problems, but especially the need for intermittent operation is disadvantageous, as the c ⁇ nveyor has to carry a long row of concrete elements such that a very forceful actuation is required for constantly starting and stopping such a conveyor. It is the purpose of the invention to provide a method of the said type, by which the production of the block members may take place in a smoothly progressing manner, and it is also an aim in connection with the invention to obtain further advantages.
• the carrier plates are brought forwards in fixed connection with an outwardly projecting end mould plate at one end in such a manner that the associated end mould plate at the opposite end is constituted by the corresponding mould plate on the next carrier plate, the block elements in the reception section being placed on the successively passing carrier plates while these are situated in the said bent or arched portion of the conveyor path.
• the invention furthermore comprises an associated apparatus for implementing the method, cf. Claim 2.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a block member of a known type.
• Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an end portion of an apparatus according to the invention.
• Figs. 3 and 4 are schematic views illustrating the supply of block elements to the conveyor.
• the block elements shown in Fig. 1 consists of two outer lightweight concrete elements 2 having an intermediate layer of stiff polyurethane foam 4, which is provided by foaming in the concerned space, with the elements 2 being placed in a surrounding moulding box.
• Block members of this type may be used for integrated construction of a double-brick wall having a wall cavity insulation 4.
• the apparatus consists principally of a conveyor chain 8, formed by a row of L-shaped plate members 10 which are hinged by pivots 12 and each consists of a longitudinal carrier plate portion 14 and a plate member 16 projecting perpendicularly outwards from one end thereof, this chain passing about large sprocket wheels 18 at opposite ends of the apparatus, the sprocket wheels being driven by driving means not shown.
• the sprocket wheels 18 are shaped as polygons having recesses 20 for receiving the pivots 12, such that the chain 8 is guided in a well-defined manner through a path portion in which the carrier plates 14 are supported by the wheel 18 with mutually different directions, while the outwardly projecting plate members 16 will correspondingly project in mutually diverging directions.
• the plate members 16 are on both sides provided with a coating 22 of rubber or a corresponding material, and preferably also the outer surface of the plate members 14 is coated with such a material.
• the upper run of the conveyor chain 8 is supported longitudinally extending guides 24, which in an appropriate, optionally height adjustable manner are supported on a chassis 26.
• This run is intended to convey a row of block elements 2 as shown in Fig. 1, these elements being supplied onto the conveyor as the chain passes the sprocket wheel 18 as described in more detail below.
• the block elements are placed with mutual spacing on each plate member 14, and they are forwarded placed between the respective outwardly projecting plate members 16 past a filling station 28, at which a foaming material is filled into the spaces between the elements 2, e.g. from a container 30.
• the material foams up so as to fill out the space and bind the elements together, whereafter the foam material hardens before the block members have reached the opposite end of the apparatus, where they may be removed when the chain passes a sprocket wheel corresponding to what is indicated in Fig. 2.
• the expanding foam material may tend to force the elements 2 outwards from each other, but by means of longitudinal side guiding rails 32 it is ensured that the elements 2 may not be pressed any further apart from each other than what corresponds to the desired dimensions of the finished blocks 6.
• the material may tend to expand upwards, but this is counteracted by means of a top belt 34 which is placed along the top side of the row of block members and is held thereagainst by means of spring biased pressing rollers 36.
• the belt 34 which is guided about end rollers 38 may, just as the side tracks 32, terminate somewhat before the delivery end of the apparatus, as the foam material expansion will then have stopped.
• the elements 2 should be kept well pressed down against the plate members 14 and their rubber coatings so that the foam material does not flow underneath the elements 2, and here it is appropriate to use a pair of pressure rollers 40 for this holding down.
• These pressure rollers may be spring-loaded and should be present both before and after the supply station for the material.
• the foam material may adhere rather strongly to the portions 14,16,34 which function as moulding surfaces, but such adherence may be counteracted, by applying a slipping agent.
• a slipping sheet 42 which from a supply roller 44 is laid in beneath the elements 2, whereby the sheet material will be laid against the carrier plates 14 as well as against both sides of the plate members 16.
• Adjacent the belt 34 a corresponding continuous laying in of a slipping sheet material 46 may be effected from a roller 48.
• the side rails 32 may in one or both sides be arranged so as to be adjustable in the transverse direction and optionally also in the height direction, and the upper pressure means 36 may be adjustable in the height direction as well, whereby it will be possible to switch between productions of members of different heights and widths.
• the length of the members will normally not be variable, as it is difficult to make use of insertion members in the moulding spaces between the plate members 16; these plate members should press against the respective block member ends, and the rubber coatings 22 may bompensate for usual tolerance divergencies, but not for greater length changes. It will be seen already from Fig.
• the conveying may be effected at a speed of e.g. 3-10 meters per minute, i.e. there will be a reasonably ample time for supplying the elements even though the conveyor operates at constant speed.
• the supplying may be effected from the moment a mould plate 16 passes its horizontal position as it travels upwards, and it has to be ended before the associated carrier plate 14 reaches the horizontal conveyor run. In principle the supplying of the elements may be effected manually, but of course also automatically in a number of different manners.
• FIG. 3 is illustrated a practical supply method, Fig. 3 being a schematic side view of the sprocket wheel 18 and of a supply arrangement for the elements, while Fig. 4 shows the supply arrangement seen from above.
• the arrangement shown comprises a supply chute 50 along which two rows of elements 2 are pushed forwards standing on their respective end surfaces. Outside the end of the chute 50 a lifting platform 52 is placed which will receive the foremost pair of elements 2 and by means of a cylinder 54 lift the elements up to the illustrated raised position, in which they are gripped by a gripper head 56 serving to move the elements forwardly for depositing them on the conveyor as described below. Thereafter a new pair of elements may be fetched and placed while the conveyor chain is forwarded at constant speed.
• the operation of the gripping head 56 is closely synchronized with the conveying of the plate members 10, as it is possible hereby to place the block elements on the conveyor by a pure insertion movement.
• the gripping head consists of a base member 58 which carries forwardly projecting gripper tongs 60, which, when the base member 58 is pushed forwardly by means of a cylinder 62, are introduceable along the lateral surfaces of the block elements as located on the raised platform 52, whereafter they are actuated by means of control cylinders 62 to clamp the block elements and to carry the elements forwards towards the wheel 18 by the further advancing of the gripping head 56 while the platform 52 is lowered.
• the locations of the various parts are adapted such that the insertion or the elements is effected in a level that corresponds to the position of the carrier plates 14 in that situation where they, as the wheel 18 turns, assume a vertical position, which is marked by 14', 16' in Fig. 3.
• advantage is taken of the fact that the preceding outwardly projecting plate member 16 is upwardly inclined, whereby the insertion of the elememts may be started as soon an the outer end of this plate member has been moved up above the top surface level of the elements 2, i.e. when the plate member is moved through the indicated position A.
• the outwardly projecting plate member 16A on the following carrier plate is hereby located at or moved through a position which is somewhat below the bottom surface level of the elements.
• Fig. 3 is shown, by different line types, some positions of the insertion sequence, including the final position
• the carrier plates on the sprocket wheel 18 are forwarded with a mutual angular turning of 45o , and it is important that this turning along the upper portion be sufficiently large for the unhindered insertion of the bricks and sufficiently small or allowing a movement of the "open moulds" that is long enough to provide for a time-wise practical possibility of injecting the bricks.
• the angular turning should be between 30o and 60o and, as said, preferably some 45o.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8119571

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 1986
  • 1986-07-02 DK DK314186A patent/DK314186D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1987
  • 1987-07-02 EP EP87904511A patent/EP0275274B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1987-07-02 WO PCT/DK1987/000083 patent/WO1988000267A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1987-07-02 US US07/159,593 patent/US4853166A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1987-07-02 AU AU76971/87A patent/AU7697187A/en not_active Abandoned
• 1988
  • 1988-03-01 FI FI880933A patent/FI85047C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (2)

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