WO1987005645A1 - Recif artificiel - Google Patents

Recif artificiel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987005645A1
WO1987005645A1 PCT/US1986/000691 US8600691W WO8705645A1 WO 1987005645 A1 WO1987005645 A1 WO 1987005645A1 US 8600691 W US8600691 W US 8600691W WO 8705645 A1 WO8705645 A1 WO 8705645A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
modular
artificial reef
shell
panels
modular panels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1986/000691
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William J. DORÉ
Original Assignee
Dore William J
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dore William J filed Critical Dore William J
Publication of WO1987005645A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987005645A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/046—Artificial reefs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/26—Artificial reefs or seaweed; Restoration or protection of coral reefs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aquatic life enhancement devices and, in particular, to modular artificial reefs.
  • artificial reefs The main purpose of artificial reefs is to promote increase in aquatic life, an increase that would otherwise not exist were it not for the artificial reefs. The reasons for doing this are numerous.
  • the majority of artificial reefs are built to support recreational and commercial fishing. Some artificial reefs are set up as refuges for certain species of fish that may be endangered. Other artificial reefs are used to assist oysters in rebuilding their shell reefs which may have been depleted due to over fishing. These oyster reefs are important to the environment because they act as a breakwater, diminishing wave action in the area of shorelines, thereby slowing deterioration of beaches and coastal marshes. The purpose and intent of a particular reef will determine how it is to be designed.
  • an artificial reef which is to be used as an aquatic life enhancement device, there are certain design features which should be incorporated into the artificial reef.
  • An important design consideration is openness.
  • the reef design should allow adequate water circulation throughout internal spaces to avoid standing or stagnant water masses. Water flow through a structure should allow recruitment of organisms to all available surfaces. Fishability may or may not be an important design consideration.
  • the materials should be chosen and configurations should be chosen which will facilitate, rather than hinder, fishing; for example, the reef should be relatively free of obstructions and protrusions which could snag anchors or nets.
  • the purpose of an artificial reef is to create a sanctuary for an endangered species, the presence of obstructions to fishing might be desirable.
  • An artificial reef made of compressed tires which are bound together with one or more ties is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,095,560.
  • the tires are slit either during or after compression to allow trapped air and water to escape from the tire carcasses.
  • One of the ties is non-corrodible and the others are either corrodible or are cut after the tires are baled. This allows the tires to fan out to provide a fish habitat on the bottom of a body of water.
  • the baled tires can be stacked together in pyramid fashion to provide a fish habitat having a greater volume.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,196,694 describes artificial reef elements constructed of old tires, some of which are slit or cut into pieces, in conjunction with a tire filled with precast concrete used as a base. Some of the reef elements also comprise washer-like disks made of rubber or plastic.
  • the present invention is a device for enhancing aquatic life and overcomes the disadvantages noted above.
  • the device is constructed of a plurality of modular panels attached together.
  • the modular panels are constructed of a non-toxic, non-corrodible material.
  • a plurality of fish/water entry-and-exit holes is provided in the device to allow water flow therethrough and to allow fish to seek refuge therein.
  • a door in the device allows entry into the device to collect specimens of the organisms therein, and anchor means allow it to be secured to the sea floor.
  • the device can be constructed in a number of shapes, including hemispheres and half-cylinders with quartersphere caps, and can also be used as a breakwater.
  • each modular panel has internal flanges along the entire periphery of its interior surface, extending inward from its interior surface, substantially perpendicular to its exterior surface, and each modular panel is sized and lightweight enough to be handled easily using only manpower.
  • Each flange has at least one bolt hole therein. Assembly of the device is performed by abutting the panels such that the bolt holes in the flanges of adjacent panels line up, inserting a bolt through two adjacent flanges and threadedly attaching a lock nut to the bolt. This can be performed quickly and easily offshore using hand tools. The process continues until assembly of the device is completed.
  • the device Due to the fact that the size of the fish/water entry-and-exit holes determines the size of the organisms which can seek refuge therein, and that this does not rely on the spacing of materials used to construct the device, the device also has a relatively low bulk-and-weight-of-materials-used to useful-refuge-volume ratio.
  • the modular panels afford flexibility and convenience not known before in the art. Due to the fact that the modular aquatic life enhancement device can be quickly and easily assembled on a vessel offshore, more aquatic life enhancement devices can be implaced on a single voyage than is possible with prefabricated aquatic life enhancement devices, because modular panels take up only a fraction of the room which prefabricated artificial reefs do. resulting in less port-to-location trips. Depending on the distance from the port to the location, this can result in substantial savings in both time and money.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an aquatic life enhancement device which can also be used as a breakwater means.
  • Fig. 1a is an interior surface view of the cylindrical section modular panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 1b is an exterior surface view of a cylindrical section modular panel of Fig. la.
  • Fig. 2a is an interior surface view of a 1/8 hemi- spherical section modular panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 2b is an exterior surface view of the 1/8 hemispherical section modular panel of Fig. 2b.
  • Fig. 3a is an interior surface view of an irregular/hexagonal section modular panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 3b is an exterior surface view of the irregular/hexagonal section modular panel of Fig. 3a.
  • Fig. 4a is an interior surface view of a rectangular/flat section modular panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 4b is an exterior surface view of the rectangular/ flat section modular panel of Fig. 4a.
  • Fig. 5a is a perspective view of an anchor plate in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figs. 5b-5e show details of the anchor plate of Fig. 5a.
  • Figs. 6a and 6b show a detail and section of a lifting eye, respectively.
  • Figs. 7a-7k show one embodiment of the modular aquatic life enhancement device, in accordance with the present invention, in various stages of assembly and installation.
  • Fig. 8a shows details of a door and latch means in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figs. 9a-9d show a preferred embodiment of a modular aquatic life enhancement device, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figs. 10a-10d show another embodiment of the artificial reef of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 shows a partial section of a typical modular panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 shows another embodiment of the modular aquatic life enhancement device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 shows yet another embodiment of the modular aquatic life enhancement device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 shows an exterior surface view of a cylindrical section modular panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 shows an exterior surface view of another cylindrical section modular panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 16a is a cross-sectional view through the center of a modular aquatic life enhancement device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16b shows a cut-away view of a modular aquatic life enhancement device in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figs. 17a-17d show various views of a modular aquatic life enhancement device, in accordance with the present invention, which can also be used as a breakwater means.
  • Fig. 18 shows an intermediate step in the assembly of a modular aquatic life enhancement breakwater device in accordance with the present invention.
  • Cylindrical section modular panel 10 as shown in Figs, la and lb, has an exterior surface which is curved. It also has four flanges 11 which are perpendicular to the exterior surface and are located on the periphery of the inner surface. Flanges 11 have bolt holes 12 therein to allow cylindrical section modular panel 10 to be attached to other cylindrical section modular panels, spherical section modular panels 20, irregular section modular panels 30, and/or flat section modular panels 40. It would also be possible to connect the modular panels together using some means other than bolts; for example, fasteners or adhesives could be used. In such a case, bolt holes 12 would not be necessary and could be left out of the flanges 11. Fish/water entry-and-exit holes 13 are provided in cylindrical section modular panel 10 to allow water flow through a completed modular aquatic life enhancement device and to allow fish to take refuge in a completed modular device.
  • Spherical section modular panel 20 shown in Figs. 2a and 2b, has a convex exterior surface, and three flanges 11 which are perpendicular to the exterior surface of this spherical section modular panel and are located on the periphery of the interior surface of the spherical section modular panel.
  • Spherical section modular panel 20 has a lifting eye 21 comprising a rod 23 recessed in a cavity 22.
  • the spherical section modular panel shown in Figs. 2a and 2b is a 1/8 hemispherical section modular panel; that is, 16 of these modular panels make up a sphere.
  • spherical section modular panel 20 could be formed in another shape; by way of example, and not limitation, it could be formed as a 1/8 hemispherical section modular panel.
  • Irregular section modular panel 30 has a flat exterior surface and six flanges 11 located on the periphery of the interior surface thereof, perpendicular to the exterior surface. While irregular section modular panel 30 has been shown in Figs. 3a and 3b as an irregular hexagon, it is to be understood that irregular section modular panel 30 can be constructed in any shape as need dictates.
  • Flat section modular panel 40 shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, has a generally flat exterior surface and four flanges 11 on the periphery of the interior surface, and perpendicular to the exterior surface thereof.
  • the modular panels can be constructed of any material, but preferably of a non-toxic, non-corrodible material, in order to provide a non-polluting, long lasting modular aquatic life enhancement device. Also, it is better to construct them of a material which will not alter the pH of the water, as altering the pH of the water could be harmful to certain marine organisms therein. Examples of materials which satisfy these criteria are resinous materials, such as chop-strand-mat glass-reinforced plastic and rotationally-molded polyolefin crosslinkable plastic.
  • the modular panels can be formed by any conventional method; for example, they can be formed in molds.
  • Suitable anchoring means to be used in conjunction with the present invention comprises an anchor plate 50, a perspective view of which can be seen in Fig. 5a.
  • the anchor plate 50 has a vertical leg 54 and a horizontal foot 55.
  • Attachment projections 51 project outwardly from the vertical leg 54, and perpendicular thereto.
  • Bolt holes 52 are formed in attachment projections 51 and in horizontal foot 55 to facilitate attachment to flanges 11 of a modular aquatic life enhancement device.
  • Horizontal foot 55 has a shackle hole 53 to facilitate attachment to anchoring means in the sea floor.
  • the vertical leg 54 and the attachment projections 51 are generally straight, as can be seen in a top view of vertical leg 54 shown in Fig. 5b and a top view of attachment projection 51 in Fig. 5d.
  • the vertical leg 54 is generally curved and the attachment projections 51 are also curved.
  • the radius of curvature R of the vertical leg 54 and of the attachment projections 51 of the anchor plate 50 to be used with cylindrical section modular panel 10 is approximately the same as the radius of curvature of the exterior surface of cylindrical section modular panel 10.
  • the anchor plate 50 can be fabricated of any suitable material, but preferably of galvanized steel.
  • Lifting eyes may be provided in the modular aquatic life enhancement device in order to facilitate installation of the device.
  • a detail of a lifting eye 21 in spherical section modular panel 20 can be seen in Fig. 6a.
  • a sectional view of lifting eye 21 is shown in Fig. 6b.
  • Rod 23 can be made of any suitable material, for example, pull-truded fiberglass. Any suitable material can be used to make cavity wall 61; for example, it can be made of non-toxic, non-corrodible material such as that used to make the modular panels. It is to be understood that lifting eyes 21 could be provide! in any of the modular panels, as needed and desired.
  • Assembly and installation of the modular aquatic life enhancement device of the present invention may be performed relatively quickly and easily in the following manner.
  • Two 1/16 spherical section modular panels are placed side by side on the ground, as can be seen in Fig. 7a.
  • Bolts 71, flat washers 73 and lock nuts 72 are used to assemble the two modular panels together.
  • a wrench is used to tighten all bolts (see Fig. 7b) (an air wrench or any other suitable tightening means could also be used) .
  • Another 1/8 hemispherical section modular panel is placed on top of the assembled pieces, and is fastened thereto using bolts, flat washers and lock nuts as previously described. Inner and outer surfaces of the modular device at this stage in the assembly can be seen in Figs. 7c and 7d respectively.
  • Additional 1/8 hemispherical section modular panels 20 are added and secured, in the manner previously described, using bolts, washers and lock nuts.
  • a sling is attached to the modular device. Cables 74 of the sling are connected to grappling hooks 75, which are attached to the lifting eyes 21.
  • the hemispherical dome is lifted by means of the sling, and cylindrical section modular panels 10 are attached to the bottom of the hemispherical dome as can be seen in Fig. 7g. Two rows of cylindrical section modular panels 10 are added to the hemispherical dome. Then, the anchor plate 50 is installed as illustrated in Figs. 7h.
  • Bolts 71, washer 73 and lock nut 72 are removed from the area of flanges 11 where anchor plate 50 is to be attached.
  • the anchor plate 50 is then positioned such that the bolt holes 52 in the attachment projections 51 and in the horizontal foot 55 line up with the bolt holes 12 in the flanges 11.
  • Bolts 71 are then reinstalled and retightened using lock nuts 72.
  • the completed device which can be seen in Fig. 7i, comprises eight 1/16 spherical section modular panels 20, eight cylindrical section modular panels 10, and four anchor plates 50.
  • the modular aquatic life enhancement device is now ready to be installed.
  • the modular device can be installed by any vessel havi ⁇ g a small crane and an adequate anchoring system.
  • the modular aquatic life enhancement device can be used to cover obsolete undersea structures, such as non-functioning wellheads, rather than removing the structures .
  • the modular device would serve as a protective cover to deflect fishing and navigational devices, such as nets, anchors and the like, so that they would not become entangled in the wellhead, damaging the fishing or navigational gear.
  • Such a non-functioning structure, obsolete wellhead 76 is illustrated in Fig. 7j.
  • a vessel 73, with a four point moor anchoring system 702 has a crane 77 thereon.
  • Modular aquatic life enhancement device 70 is positioned over the obsolete wellhead 76 using crane 77.
  • Modular device 70 is slowly lowered into the water, and divers (not shown) can be utilized to guide the modular device over the obsolete wellhead 76.
  • the divers can utilize a hydraulic impact wrench (not illustrated) to drive anchor screws 79 into the sea floor.
  • the anchor screws 79 should be driven into the sea floor approximately 2" to 3" from shackle hole 53 (see Fig. 5a) in anchor plate 50.
  • the operator may choose to jet the modular aquatic life enhancement device 70 down to a depth of 2 ft., using a high pressure jet nozzle (not illustrated).
  • the diver attaches shackles 701 between die anchor screws 79 and the anchor plates 50. Once secured to the bottom, the diver removes the grappling hooks 75 from the recessed lifting eyes 21, the sling is pulled up to the surface, and the assembly and installation are complete.
  • the modular aquatic life erihancement device Since it is envisioned that the modular aquatic life erihancement device will be used in connection with research, it is desirable to have a door in the modular device which would allow scientists to enter the device and gather specimens of the organisms living therein.
  • This door should have suitable latch means so that currents cannot work the door open, thereby allowing predators, which could not fit through the fish/water entry-and-exit holes, to enter the modular aquatic life enhancement device and prey on the organisms therein.
  • the door 81 may be recessed in an irregular section modular panel 30 as shown in Fig. 8a.
  • Hinges 82 are installed using countersunk bolts, washers and nuts in a well known manner.
  • modular aquatic life enhancement device 90 is assembled from modular panels 10a, 10b, 20, 30 and 40 such as shown in various views in Fig. 9a-9d.
  • Modular panels 10a, 10b, 20, 30 and 40 are constructed glass-reinforced plastic 111 (see partial section in Fig.
  • Fish/water entry-and-exit holes 13 are provided in modular panels 10a, 10b, 20 and 30.
  • the size of the holes 13 is dependent upon the size of the aquatic life which the modular aquatic life enhancement device is to protect.
  • a door 81, to allow scientists to enter the modular device to collect samples of the organisms therein, is recessed in the one of the irregular section modular panels 30.
  • the modular aquatic life enhancement device 90 may be secured to anchors embedded in the sea floor by a suitable means, for example by steel screw pin shackles 701 attached through shackle holes 53 (see Fig. 5a) in anchor plate 50 (see Fig. 7k).
  • Anchors of varying holding capacities in various soils are available.
  • a diverless anchor system may also be used to secure the modular device 90 to the sea floor.
  • Modular device 90 has a smooth, substantially convex exterior surface, free from corners and protrusions which could snag nets or anchors; it is therefore suitable for use in areas of heavy fishing and navigation.
  • the shape of the modular device also contributes to its strength, as pressure is distributed substantially evenly over its convex surface.
  • modular device 90 could easily be unshackled and brought up to a vessel at the surface, and modular panels could be added or removed quickly and easily as need or desire dictates. This procedure can be performed on-site without the need for a trip back to shore, which relates to substantial savings in both time and money.
  • modular device 100 is fitted with an optional skirt 101 as illustrated in Figs. 10a-10d.
  • Skirt 101 can be constructed of any suitable material, but it is preferably of the same material as that of the modular panels.
  • algal growth it is sometimes desirable to increase the surface area of the modular aquatic life enhancement device, thereby providing more area for algal growth and growth of other marine organisms (hereinafter referred to collectively as "algal growth” ) , which means that the modular device could support more fish or other organisms.
  • algal growth can be achieved by various methods, including, but not limited to, forming indentations or protrusions on the surface of the modular panels. At times, especially where there may be heavy trawling in the area, it is better not to have protrusions on the outer surface of the modular aquatic life enhancement device (otherwise, the trawls could hang up on the outer surface of the device).
  • the modular aquatic life enhancement device of the present invention can take on many shapes and sizes.
  • One example is the anbodiment illustrated in Fig. 12.
  • the modular device 120 is constructed as a sphere, and has a specific gravity is less than that of seawater, whereby it can float and is used as a floating artificial device.
  • the device 120 is anchored by anchors 121 to prevent it from floating away.
  • anchors 121 to prevent it from floating away.
  • this modular device can be constructed in a shape other than a shape other than a sphere, such as a cylinder with hemispherical caps on its ends.
  • the modular panels can be constructed of a translucent material or of an opaque material. It is also possible to achieve an opaque modular panel by coating a modular panel made of translucent material with an opaque finish, such as self-colored gel.
  • the translucent modular panels allow more light to enter the modular aquatic life enhancement device, promoting algal growth.
  • opaque modular panels create a shadow effect which attracts certain species of fish. Certain colors attract certain species of fish; modular panels can be manufactured L ⁇ various colors, and can be combined in a way to attract a target species.
  • a fishery enhancement device of only opaque panels thereby creating a cave effect which is particularly attractive to certain species.
  • a combination of translucent and opaque modular panels will be used, as illustrated in Fig. 13, wherein the opaque modular panels are cross-hatched, and the translucent modular panels are not.
  • a suitable material to use to make the translucent modular panels is glass-reinforced plastic.
  • the design of the device should reflect its desired utility.
  • One possibility is the incorporation of spikes into the modular panels used to make up the device.
  • spikes 141 are provided on cylindrical section modular pa ⁇ el 10. It would, of course, be possible to add spikes 141 to any of the modular panels of the present invention. If these spikes are to be used to discourage trawling, it is advisable that suitable warning be given to trawlers in the area.
  • These spikes also function to increase the effective surface area of the modular aquatic life enhancement device, thereby providing more room for algal growth.
  • the modular aquatic life enhancement device When using the modular aquatic life enhancement device as an artificial reef for oysters, it is preferable to have external flanges 151 as opposed to internal flanges 11. These external flanges provide a multitude of ledges on which the oysters can begin to grow.
  • the modular panel with external flanges 151 illustrated in Fig. 15 is a cylindrical section modular panel, it is to be understood that any and all of the roodular panels of the present invention can be provided with external flanges 151.
  • a modular aquatic life enhancement device which is being used as an artificial reef for oysters may also be provided with fish/water entry-and-exit holes to allow fish to take refuge within the device as the oysters develop and grow on the outer surface.
  • a modular aquatic life enhancement device may comprise a plurality of co-centric shells, each shell having therein a plurality of fish/water entry-and-exit holes.
  • the holes in a given shell would all be of approximately the same size, and the size of the holes would progressively decrease from holes of a relatively large diameter in the outermost shell to holes of a relatively small diameter in the innermost shell.
  • Such an arranga ⁇ ient is illustrated in a sectional view in Fig. 16a and a cutaway view in Fig. 16b.
  • modular aquatic life enhancement device 160 is shown as comprising a plurality of hemispheres atop cylinders, it is to be understood that the shells could be of any shape, and also that each individual shell could be of a different shape. Also, one having ordinary skill in the art will comprehend that modular aquatic life enhancanent devices of this type may be constructed with any number of shells.
  • the modular device When used as a combination modular aquatic life enhancement breakwater device, the modular device may have a configuration as shown in Fig. 17a-17d. It should be noted that any number of cylindrical section modular panels 10 and flat section modular panels 40 may be used to extend the modular device laterally. If the modular aquatic life enhancement breakwater device desired is too large to fit on the vessel where it is being constructed, it can be assembled in segments, as shown in Fig. 18, and the final assembly can take place on the sea floor. In such a case, lifting eyes 21 should be provided in some of the cylindrical section modular panels 10, as can be seen in Fig. 18.
  • the size of the fish entry-and-exit holes 13 in the shell of the modular aquatic life enhancement device determines the size of the fish which can seek refuge therein, in contrast with most devices of which the applicant is aware, which rely on spacing of materials to determine the size of marine life for which they can provide refuge.
  • the anchoring means allows a strong, lightweight material, such as glass-reinfor ⁇ el resin to be used for the shell, instead of some material which relies on its weight to remain stable and immobile, such as concrete.
  • the fish/water entry-and-exit holes 13 allow the bulk of materials used to be relatively low, the anchoring nveans allows the weight of the materials to be relatively low; together, these two features allow an aquatic life enhanc ⁇ rtent device to be constructed with a relatively low bulk-and-weight-of-materials- used to useful-refuge-volume ratio.
  • the low bulk-and-weight-of-materials-used to useful-refuge-volume ratio means lower transportation costs for a given useful refuge volume.
  • the aquatic life enhancement device of the present invention is the most economical available today.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

Un récif artificiel/dispositif expansible, adaptable d'amélioration de la vie aquatique est assemblé à partir de panneaux modulaires de formes différentes (10) de manière rapide et aisée, sur site, en utilisant des outils manuels. Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation de la présente invention, les panneaux modulaires (10) sont constitués en un matériau résineux non toxique, à l'abri de la corrosion, et sont d'une dimension et d'un poids permettant à deux hommes seulement de les manipuler. Le dispositif peut être utilisé comme un refuge pour les poissons, peut être construit sous la forme d'une coque et avoir une pluralité d'orifices (13) d'entrée et de sortie pour les poissons/l'eau, permettant aux poissons de s'y réfugier. Il peut également être utilisé comme récif à huîtres, auquel cas des brides extérieures (151) sont utilisées pour fixer les panneaux modulaires entre eux, et des rebords sont également prévus pour que les huîtres puissent s'y développer. De plus, le dispositif peut avoir la double fonction de brise-lames.
PCT/US1986/000691 1986-03-17 1986-04-04 Recif artificiel WO1987005645A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US84013186A 1986-03-17 1986-03-17
US840,131 1986-03-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987005645A1 true WO1987005645A1 (fr) 1987-09-24

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PCT/US1986/000691 WO1987005645A1 (fr) 1986-03-17 1986-04-04 Recif artificiel

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WO (1) WO1987005645A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2226352A (en) * 1988-11-16 1990-06-27 Aker Eng As A modular protective structure for underwater installations
US4997311A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-03-05 Doren David A Van Artificial reef
US5564369A (en) * 1994-06-22 1996-10-15 Barber; Todd R. Reef ball
FR3123925A1 (fr) 2021-06-15 2022-12-16 Azote Système d’ouvrage subaquatique formant récif.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US777288A (en) * 1904-05-23 1904-12-13 Henry F Kellner Fascine.
US3374770A (en) * 1967-02-14 1968-03-26 Springfield Tool & Die Company Fish breeder
US3561402A (en) * 1967-11-25 1971-02-09 Asahi Chemical Ind Artificial refuge reef for fish
US3610194A (en) * 1969-07-17 1971-10-05 Gilbert Siegel Submerged offshore fluid storage facility
US3704687A (en) * 1970-12-21 1972-12-05 Ryotaro Nohmura Fish farming nest
US3824956A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-07-23 R Presley Fish brooder or refuge
US4023317A (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-05-17 Lloyd Erwin Bettger Building unit
JPS55148811A (en) * 1979-05-08 1980-11-19 Fukuhou Block Kogyo Kk Block both for fish-reef and breakwater

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US777288A (en) * 1904-05-23 1904-12-13 Henry F Kellner Fascine.
US3374770A (en) * 1967-02-14 1968-03-26 Springfield Tool & Die Company Fish breeder
US3561402A (en) * 1967-11-25 1971-02-09 Asahi Chemical Ind Artificial refuge reef for fish
US3610194A (en) * 1969-07-17 1971-10-05 Gilbert Siegel Submerged offshore fluid storage facility
US3704687A (en) * 1970-12-21 1972-12-05 Ryotaro Nohmura Fish farming nest
US3824956A (en) * 1973-06-22 1974-07-23 R Presley Fish brooder or refuge
US4023317A (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-05-17 Lloyd Erwin Bettger Building unit
JPS55148811A (en) * 1979-05-08 1980-11-19 Fukuhou Block Kogyo Kk Block both for fish-reef and breakwater

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2226352A (en) * 1988-11-16 1990-06-27 Aker Eng As A modular protective structure for underwater installations
GB2226352B (en) * 1988-11-16 1992-12-16 Aker Eng As Protective structure
US4997311A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-03-05 Doren David A Van Artificial reef
US5564369A (en) * 1994-06-22 1996-10-15 Barber; Todd R. Reef ball
US5836265A (en) * 1994-06-22 1998-11-17 Barber; Todd Ryan Reef ball
FR3123925A1 (fr) 2021-06-15 2022-12-16 Azote Système d’ouvrage subaquatique formant récif.

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AU5669986A (en) 1987-10-09

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