Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B27/00—Planetaria; Globes
  • G09B27/08—Globes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
  • G09B23/02—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for mathematics
  • G09B23/04—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for mathematics for geometry, trigonometry, projection or perspective

Definitions

• the invention relates to an educational visual aid, particularly for demonstration in solid geometry, consisting of a ball, a support under the ball, and a spherical ruler, adapted to the ball surface, the ball has a surface suitable for being drawn and written on, the spherical ruler being constructed from a hoop, a saddle perpendicular to the hoop, and at least one handle, suitable for being placed onto the ball sur ⁇ face in any position, the support being a torus under the ball to hold it in any position, and with the tracer edges of the hoop and the saddle lying on arcs of great circles of the ball.
• Such an aid is described in the HU-A 185 190, mainly for representing and studying various concepts, con ⁇ figurations and problems in spherical and solid ge ⁇ ometry, and facilitating the demonstration of compli ⁇ cated three-dimensional notions.
• This aid consists of three separate parts: a rigid ball, preferably made of plastic, with a smooth and closed surface for being drawn and written on; a spherical ruler, constructed from a hoop and a saddle, perpendicular to the hoop, in such a manner that the ruler is pre ⁇ cisely adapted to the surface of the ball in any po- sition and at last, a support under the ball to hold it firmly in any position on this support.
• the above-mentioned device has been tested and exam ⁇ ined in various kindergartens, elementary and second- ary schools, colleges, universities, educational institutions and even video recordings, as a toy and a visual aid. It has proved useful, versatile and amusing in a wide variety of subjects, as mathematics, geometry, geography, drawing, astronomy, crystallog- raphy etc.
• the impact resistance of the spherical ruler is often insufficient. Both the saddle and the handle on it can be deformed or even broken in use or transport. - In some cases, the supporting torus is inadequate to hold the ball firmly in position. Schoolboys and girls, wrapped up in their work on the ball, may push it out of the torus, particularly on the skew surfaces of some school-desks. This may lead to frequent and inconveniently noisy droppings, even crackings of the balls in classroom use.
• the main object of the present invention lies in the disposal of the before-mentioned disadvantages. In order to attain this object following improvements of the prior art have been carried out;
• Two small lenticular tips are formed on the inner side of this joint serving for points of contact with the ball surface.
• the handle is a thin and solid plate on the saddle, adjacent to the joint, with rounded tips and a V- shaped excision on its top.
• the two tips on the inner side of the joint keep the surfaces of the ball and the joint from being in close contact, and, in this way, they prevent drawings or figures on the ball surface from being smeared.
• the ruler gives a firm foundation and support of the ball, yet permits it to be freely and comfortably revolved or lifted up by any axes of the ball.
• the two planes of the three- point support and the great circle of the tracer edge of the hoop have a solid angle of 25 , an ideal situ- ation for drawing and measuring on the ball surface. Even for small children, this position of the ruler gives a firm and safe support of the ball while drawing The ruler stably supports the ball on skew-boarded desks, with a bedding angle up to 15°.
• the inserted joint remarkably increases the impact resistance and stability of the ruler. With the ruler supporting the ball, we can lean on the ball without causing any deformation or breaking of the ruler. In like manner, the joint increases the resistance of the ruler to overstrain due to rough handling or transport.
• the above-mentioned design of the handle is to the advantage of the set in several ways.
• the thin, solid and not too raised plate of the handle satisfac ⁇ torily tolerates overstrain. Its two rounded tips and the nose on the joint give a steady support of the ball.
• this design of the handle and the ruler significantly reduces cost of production, since it needs only one casting mould to manufacture the ruler, in contrast with the two moulds of the old version.
• Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the edu ⁇ cational visual aid, consisting of the ball, the spherical ruler and the support, partly in section, and
• Figure 2 is a fragmentary view of the set from another side.
• Figures 1 and 2 show a ball 1 made of transparent plastic, consisting of an upper hemisphere la, and a lower hemisphere lb, and placed onto a support 2 in an arbitrary position.
• This support 2 is a ring-shaped torus, preferably made of the same kind of plastic as the ball 1, and also an important and interesting geometrical surface for drawing, playing and study ⁇ ing.
• a spherical ruler consisting of a hoop 3, a saddle 4 and a joint 6, is placed in an arbitrary position onto the surface of the ball 1.
• the tracer edges of the hoop 3 and the sad- die 4 lie on arcs of great circles of the ball 1.
• Figure 2 shows the bisector of the joint 5 lying on the arc of a great circle. This same bisector halves a long-shaped, rounded supporting nose 7, on the outer side of the joint 5, near to the hoop 3, serving as a point of support of the spherical ruler.
• the hoop 3 has a chamfer 3a and a scale division 8 by its tracer edge, whereas the saddle 4 has a scale division 9 by its tracer edge.
• the tips 10 and 11 are long-shaped, but round or other versions are also acceptable. Their heights are about 0,5 mm, in order to prevent the surfaces of the ball 1 and the ruler from close contact and, in this way, smearing of drawings on the surface of the ball 1.
• the angle ⁇ shown on Figure 1, and preferably about of 5-6°, serves for preventing the tracer edge of the hoop 3 from close contact with the surface of the ball 1.
• the thin and solid plate of the handle 5 has two rounded tips 5a and 5b at its top, in order to obtain two points of support for the spherical ruler.
• Figure 1 shows that the handle plate 5 lies on the side o the saddle 4 adjacent to the joint 6, as to constitute a firm and safe three-point support in the plane of the triangle determined by the tips 5a and 5b and the nose 7.
• This plane includes a solid angle preferably about 25 with the plane de ⁇ termined by the tracing edge of the hoop 3.
• tha ball can be supported either by the torus or the spherical ruler, corre ⁇ sponding to the nature of the drawing or problem to be solved.
• the torus for example, is very appropriate for supporting the ball while drawing short arcs, or figures not involving great circles at all.
• the ratio of the problems solved with the torus or the ruler supporting the ball is about 50 - 50 percent.
• this ratio is about 90 - 10 percent to the torus.

Landscapes

• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computational Mathematics (AREA)
• Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
• Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
• Mathematical Physics (AREA)
• Educational Technology (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Educational Administration (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Algebra (AREA)
• Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
• Drawing Aids And Blackboards (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)
• Instructional Devices (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10961272

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (1)

Citations (3)

• 1985
  • 1985-07-25 HU HU852826A patent/HU192681B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1986
  • 1986-07-15 WO PCT/HU1986/000042 patent/WO1987000668A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-07-15 AU AU61395/86A patent/AU6139586A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1986-07-15 EP EP86904335A patent/EP0267911A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-07-15 JP JP61504003A patent/JPS63501175A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-07-17 IL IL79441A patent/IL79441A/xx unknown
  • 1986-07-18 IN IN540/CAL/86A patent/IN163289B/en unknown
  • 1986-07-22 DD DD86292756A patent/DD255022A5/de unknown
  • 1986-07-24 ES ES8600614A patent/ES2000761A6/es not_active Expired
• 1987
  • 1987-03-24 DK DK149187A patent/DK149187A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1987-03-25 KR KR870700268A patent/KR880700376A/ko not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (3)

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