WO1986000496A1 - Absorbent clay - Google Patents

Absorbent clay Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986000496A1
WO1986000496A1 PCT/AU1985/000152 AU8500152W WO8600496A1 WO 1986000496 A1 WO1986000496 A1 WO 1986000496A1 AU 8500152 W AU8500152 W AU 8500152W WO 8600496 A1 WO8600496 A1 WO 8600496A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pellets
clay
cellulosic material
dust
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1985/000152
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Cameron Kent Glover
Original Assignee
East West Minerals N.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by East West Minerals N.L. filed Critical East West Minerals N.L.
Publication of WO1986000496A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986000496A1/en
Priority to FI861025A priority Critical patent/FI861025A/fi
Priority to DK121286A priority patent/DK121286D0/da

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of manufacturing an absorbent composition.
  • absorbents are those that are less costly to make, possess a higher absorbency of both hydrophobic and hydrophillic substances and have a lower tendency to form dust. Such absorbents have a wide range of application.
  • U.S. Patent 3,059,615 describes an animal litter manufactured by acidifying cellulosic materials such as corn cob, grits or cereal hulls with a view to rendering the cellulosic material more absorbent.
  • absorbent compositions have been proposed in which absorbent binders such as clays or limestone are combined with fillers available in large quantities at low cost such as rice hulls, corn cobs, flyash, sawdust, peanut hulls, or the like (U.S. Patents 3,735,734, 3,921,581, 3,983,842, 4,258,660).
  • An object of the present invention is to manufacture an absorbent material at low cost by very simple means.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention are suitable for use as a "pet litter”. Disclosure of the Invention
  • the invention consists in method of manufacture of an absorbent composition comprising the steps of: mixing clay with cellulosic material, pelletizing the mixture, drying the resultant pellets, and heating the pellets to a temperature of from 550°C to 1100°C.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the crush strength of pellets of various compositions according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the water absorption of pellets according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the crushing strength of pellets prepared with the addition of sodium carbonate according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method according to the invention. Description of Preferred Embodiment
  • compositions according to the invention desireably utilize a clay of generally uniform quality as a starting material.
  • the clay is combined with a cellulosic material such as the hulls of the rice grain or rice husks, which are a by-product of rice milling and therefore cheap and readily obtainable or wheat dust or grain dust which are available as low cost waste products.
  • a cellulosic material such as the hulls of the rice grain or rice husks, which are a by-product of rice milling and therefore cheap and readily obtainable or wheat dust or grain dust which are available as low cost waste products.
  • the clay it is preferable to mill the clay to a fine particle size since this facilitates mixing with the rice hulls or wheat dust which are also preferably milled to a fine particle size.
  • Adding the clay and rice or wheat together with water in a pelletizer or agglo erator develops small pellets which can then be dried and baked.
  • the quantity of water added is desireably the minimum required for aggregation.
  • the pellets are subsequently dried and then heated to above 550°C. It is believed that during this step the cellulosic material is not only carbonized but fully combusted.
  • a suitable clay or binder it is preferable to perform tests at first crushing, milling and screening the raw clay; mixing with sufficient water the facilitate agglomeration; agglomeration to form pellets; oven drying at 100°C for one to two hours; firing the pellets at 850°C for say 3 hours in a muffle furnace and then; cooling the pellets.
  • the water absorbency of the resultant milled product is measured and those clays found to have a high percentage of absorption of liquids and a low level of dust after meat treatment are preferred for use in the invention.
  • a white burning clay was milled to a maximum particle size of 300 microns, and rice hulls or wheat dust was milled to a maximum particle size of 150 microns.
  • the clay and the rice hulls or wheat dust were each then mixed in various proportions by mechanical means, about 20% water by weight was added and the resulting mixture formed into pellets of up to 6 mm in diameter by means of an agglomerator or pelletising machine.
  • the pellets were then passed to a dryer which was the first section of a tunnel kiln at a temperature of up to 100 C. Once dried to a moisture content of less than 4% the pellets continued to be passed through the kiln but the temperature of the second section of the kiln was between 800 and 1000°C.
  • the pellets were held in the kiln for about one hour-
  • the ratio of wheat dust to clay and rice hulls to clay was 14:86, 21:79, 28:72 and 35:65 respectively.
  • Calcination temperatures were 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C.
  • the pellets were placed in Gooch crucibles with glass fibre pads.
  • the crucibles were filled with distilled water and the water was allowed to percolate through the pellets. After draining this step was repeated.
  • Table 2 The results of Table 2 are illustrated graphically in Figure 2 which shows the water absorption in grams/100 grams of pellets on the ordinate axis and which shows the percentage by weight of rice hulls (A) or Wheat dust (B) added to the clay on the coordinate axis.
  • the ratio of clay to rice hulls or wheat dust has been varied from between 80%:20% by weight to 60%:40% by weight and particle sizes of clay and rice hulls have been varied between 75 and 600 microns. For finer particle size provides a more effective product but is more costly to obtain.
  • the hardened pellets After drying of the pelletized mixture the hardened pellets have been exposed to kiln temperatures of from 550 to 850°C for from 3 to 1 hours, respectively. Temperatures of up to 1100 C may be employed.
  • the firing temperatures must be high enough to combust all the carbon in the rice hulls or wheat dust.
  • the products were pelletized, dried at 105°C and then calcined at 800, 900 and 1000°C respectively for 2 hrs.
  • Clay is fed from storage hopper 1 to a gravimetric weight belt feeder 5.
  • Wheat dust or rice hulls from a hopper 2 are optionally ground by hammer mill 3 and fed to gravimetric weightbelt feeder 4.
  • nodulizer 6 The weighed, and optionally ground, rice hulls or wheat and clay feedstocks are combined in nodulizer 6 together with water 14 metered via a flowmeter 11.
  • the nodulizer properly incorporates the rice hulls or wheat dust into the clay and water and is preferably a twinshaft paddle mixer.
  • the mixture is then treated in granulation drum 7 pellets or granules which are transferred to a drier 8, for example an "Adelaide Dryer".
  • the dried pellets proceed to calciner 9 which is fueled by a burner 12 boosted by fan 13 and supplied with fuel 15. Exit gas 16 from calciner 9 is used to heat dryer 8.
  • the calcined product passes to cooler 10 prior to packaging.
  • the cooling step is only needed if it is desired to package the product within 24 hrs.
  • Starch or polymer binders and other strengtheners may be added if desired without departing from the invention herein described.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
PCT/AU1985/000152 1984-07-17 1985-07-15 Absorbent clay WO1986000496A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI861025A FI861025A (fi) 1984-07-17 1986-03-12 Absorberande lera.
DK121286A DK121286D0 (da) 1984-07-17 1986-03-14 Absorberende ler

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPG604084 1984-07-17
AUPG6040 1984-07-17
AUPG822584 1984-11-21
AUPG8225 1984-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986000496A1 true WO1986000496A1 (en) 1986-01-30

Family

ID=25642823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1985/000152 WO1986000496A1 (en) 1984-07-17 1985-07-15 Absorbent clay

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0188463A4 (es)
DK (1) DK121286D0 (es)
ES (1) ES8606064A1 (es)
FI (1) FI861025A (es)
PT (1) PT80818B (es)
WO (1) WO1986000496A1 (es)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3707473A1 (de) * 1985-03-21 1988-09-22 Lowe Henry E Saugfaehiges fuellmaterial
WO1990009099A1 (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-23 Mars G. B. Limited Animal litter
EP0392444A1 (de) * 1989-04-10 1990-10-17 Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. Tierstreu
US5176107A (en) * 1989-07-24 1993-01-05 Buschur Jeffrey J Pet litter
FR2694759A1 (fr) * 1992-07-06 1994-02-18 Andersons The Procédé de préparation d'un support cellulosique biodégradable et produit obtenu.
DE4338362A1 (de) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-11 Sued Chemie Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sorptionsmitteln auf Smektitbasis zur Aufnahme von Flüssigkeiten
US5452684A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-09-26 American Colloid Company Method of agglomerating a smectite clay litter
WO2001080909A1 (en) * 2000-04-21 2001-11-01 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Fragranced rice hull air fresheners
US6659042B2 (en) * 2000-06-09 2003-12-09 Larry D. Bloomer Composite clumping cat litter
US6895896B1 (en) 2000-06-09 2005-05-24 Larry D. Bloomer Composite cat litter granule containing entrapped small size silica gel particles

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2470346A (en) * 1946-04-30 1949-05-17 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Calcined diatomaceous earth product
DE2116435A1 (de) * 1970-04-08 1971-11-04 Skamol Skarrehage Molervaerk A/S,Nykoebingors (Dänemark) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines absorbierenden Molergranulats
US3789797A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-02-05 Star Kist Foods Cat litter
AU5370679A (en) * 1979-01-15 1980-08-07 Rocla Concrete Pipes Ltd. Clay based absorbent material
US4374044A (en) * 1981-01-19 1983-02-15 General Motors Corporation Cordierite bead catalyst support and method of preparation
WO1983003255A1 (en) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-29 Skamol Skarrehage Molerverk As A method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate and also a liquid-absorbing granulate made by the method

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2063911A5 (en) * 1970-08-07 1971-07-09 Guery Francois Porous clay for use as adsorption agent,prodn
JPS6022063B2 (ja) * 1977-06-22 1985-05-30 セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 外装部品
SU1058600A1 (ru) * 1981-07-23 1983-12-07 Институт коллоидной химии и химии воды им.А.В.Думанского Способ получени адсорбента

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2470346A (en) * 1946-04-30 1949-05-17 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Calcined diatomaceous earth product
DE2116435A1 (de) * 1970-04-08 1971-11-04 Skamol Skarrehage Molervaerk A/S,Nykoebingors (Dänemark) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines absorbierenden Molergranulats
US3789797A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-02-05 Star Kist Foods Cat litter
AU5370679A (en) * 1979-01-15 1980-08-07 Rocla Concrete Pipes Ltd. Clay based absorbent material
US4374044A (en) * 1981-01-19 1983-02-15 General Motors Corporation Cordierite bead catalyst support and method of preparation
WO1983003255A1 (en) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-29 Skamol Skarrehage Molerverk As A method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate and also a liquid-absorbing granulate made by the method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0188463A4 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3707473A1 (de) * 1985-03-21 1988-09-22 Lowe Henry E Saugfaehiges fuellmaterial
WO1990009099A1 (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-23 Mars G. B. Limited Animal litter
EP0392444A1 (de) * 1989-04-10 1990-10-17 Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. Tierstreu
US5176107A (en) * 1989-07-24 1993-01-05 Buschur Jeffrey J Pet litter
FR2694759A1 (fr) * 1992-07-06 1994-02-18 Andersons The Procédé de préparation d'un support cellulosique biodégradable et produit obtenu.
US5648306A (en) * 1993-11-10 1997-07-15 Sud-Chemie Ag Process for producing sorbents based on smectites to absorb liquids
DE4338362A1 (de) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-11 Sued Chemie Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sorptionsmitteln auf Smektitbasis zur Aufnahme von Flüssigkeiten
US5452684A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-09-26 American Colloid Company Method of agglomerating a smectite clay litter
US5577463A (en) * 1994-05-24 1996-11-26 Amcol International Corporation Extruded smectite clay clumping animal litter having improved clump strength
WO2001080909A1 (en) * 2000-04-21 2001-11-01 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Fragranced rice hull air fresheners
US6352210B1 (en) 2000-04-21 2002-03-05 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Fragranced rice hull air fresheners
US6659042B2 (en) * 2000-06-09 2003-12-09 Larry D. Bloomer Composite clumping cat litter
US6895896B1 (en) 2000-06-09 2005-05-24 Larry D. Bloomer Composite cat litter granule containing entrapped small size silica gel particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0188463A4 (en) 1986-12-01
DK121286A (da) 1986-03-14
PT80818A (en) 1985-08-01
DK121286D0 (da) 1986-03-14
ES8606064A1 (es) 1986-04-01
EP0188463A1 (en) 1986-07-30
FI861025A0 (fi) 1986-03-12
ES545307A0 (es) 1986-04-01
FI861025A (fi) 1986-03-12
PT80818B (en) 1987-03-23

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