WO1985003408A1 - Light and luminous utilitarian buildings and construction method - Google Patents

Light and luminous utilitarian buildings and construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1985003408A1
WO1985003408A1 PCT/FR1985/000018 FR8500018W WO8503408A1 WO 1985003408 A1 WO1985003408 A1 WO 1985003408A1 FR 8500018 W FR8500018 W FR 8500018W WO 8503408 A1 WO8503408 A1 WO 8503408A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
profiles
transparent
plates
longitudinal
building
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1985/000018
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Lucien Bourgarel
Paul Comte
Original Assignee
Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche -
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche - filed Critical Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche -
Publication of WO1985003408A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985003408A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
    • A01G9/1415—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material with double or multiple walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
    • F24S25/33—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
    • F24S25/35—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles by means of profiles with a cross-section defining separate supporting portions for adjacent modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/63—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing modules or their peripheral frames to supporting elements
    • F24S25/634—Clamps; Clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/72—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/73—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being of plastic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of constructing light utility buildings such as greenhouses, hangars, industrial halls, livestock buildings, swimming pool covers, etc. It also relates to utility buildings or parts of buildings constructed according to the method according to the invention.
  • the technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of light utility buildings.
  • greenhouses will mainly be described, but it is specified that this example is not limiting and that the method according to the invention can be used to build with the same structural elements, cladding and roofing, light buildings intended for various uses such as hangars, warehouses, industrial premises, gymnasiums, swimming pool covers, livestock premises, site buildings, multi-roofed roofs, streets or covered passages etc.
  • Traditional greenhouses have a frame which is made up of trusses or metal arches and a transparent cover which is made up of plastic sheets stretched over the arches or glass panels placed on a frame.
  • Patent FR 7804999 (P. COMTE and R. REPETTI) describes a greenhouse of this type which comprises transparent tubular polycarbonate plates which are placed under the transparent cover and in which a suspension in heavier particles is circulated water and the opacity of this suspension is controlled by automatically modulating the quantity of particles which sediment.
  • Patent FR 8000259 (P. COMPTE and R.
  • REPETTI describes elongated exchangers, composed of transparent tubular polycarbonate plates and a particular application of these in which these plates are arranged under the transparent cover of a greenhouse to serve as solar collectors or panels with variable opacity.
  • the two patents which have just been cited describe a process for the construction of greenhouses in which transparent tubular plates are used placed under the cover of a greenhouse whose frame is a traditional metal frame.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a new construction method and new buildings and utility rooms in which transparent tubular plates are used as covering and / or cladding elements with all the advantages that these plates can provide.
  • the transparent tubular plates are placed under the waterproof cover.
  • the transparent tubular plates act as waterproof covering or cladding elements, hence saving construction.
  • Polycarbonate tubular sheets have the particularity of being supplied in very long rolls, for example 50 cm rolls. wide and 50 m. in length, the channels of the plates being arranged lengthwise and being tangentially arranged when the plate is rolled up.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide plate supports which enable the rollers to be unrolled first and then to fix them on the supports.
  • the buildings known to date comprising transparent tubular plates include frames and plate supports which are constructed of opaque materials, generally of metal profiles. As a result, these profiles cast a permanent shade in the building. This permanent shade is very important when the sun is very oblique, that is to say in the morning and in the '' evening. Measurements have shown that the light energy arriving on the ground of a greenhouse during a day was reduced by 30% to 50% compared to the light energy which would be received on the same external surface.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a building structure which makes it possible to support a covering and / or cladding elements composed of transparent tubular plates while preserving as much as possible the luminous flux which penetrates. in the building after crossing the transparent plates.
  • the light utility buildings according to the invention are of the type comprising on the one hand a supporting structure, composed of transverse gantries, connected to each other by longitudinal spacers and on the other hand a waterproof cover and lateral cladding.
  • the objectives of the invention are achieved by means of a construction process, characterized in that the supporting structure is composed of gantries in transparent or translucent profiles which are connected together by transparent or translucent longitudinal profiles which are fixed against the external faces of the porticoes and which extend without apparent interruption over the entire length of the building and the cover and the side cladding are constructed by placing between each pair of longitudinal profiles a transparent tubular plate extending over the entire length of the building and fixes said plates to said longitudinal supports.
  • a light utility building comprises gantries which are composed of transparent or translucent profiles and which are connected together by longitudinal supports, composed of transparent or translucent profiles, which supports are fixed on the top and on the external faces of said gantries and extend without apparent discontinuity over the entire length of the greenhouse and the covering and the lateral cladding are composed, in whole or in part, of transparent or translucent tubular plates which are placed between each pair of longitudinal supports and which extend over the entire length of the building and which are fixed to said longitudinal supports by transparent fixing means.
  • a building according to the invention comprises longitudinal supports which are constituted by profiles which comprise, at their upper part, a U-shaped trough open upwards and the tubular plates are fixed to the profiles by joint covers which consist of transparent or translucent profiles which have two vertical wings which are forcibly engaged, by elastic deformation, inside said chute and two lateral wings which cover the edges of two tubular plates and which are applied tightly against them by elastic deformation.
  • the invention results in new light and very bright utility buildings.
  • the buildings according to the invention are essentially composed of a structure made of transparent resin profiles and of covering elements in tubular plates, that is to say of light elements, which allow a maximum of light to pass through.
  • tubular plates can be transported in rolls and the gantries and the longitudinal supports can be transported in the form of bars of standard length and assembled on site so that the volume to be transported is reduced.
  • the method of fixing the plates to the longitudinal supports by interlocking joint covers or by any other equivalent fixing allows the plates to be laid by unrolling them.
  • the buildings according to the invention are particularly suitable for constructing greenhouses with controlled shade by circulating in the channels of the tubular plates a liquid with variable opacity.
  • the buildings according to the invention can find interesting applications in many areas. They can be used to build, for example, swimming pool or tennis covers or very bright games or gymnastics rooms, halls or workshops, in particular parts of roofs of these in light multichapels (sheds), verandas, breeding or aquaculture premises.
  • the construction method according to the invention can also be used to construct street covers or covered passages with controlled opacity, especially in hot countries.
  • the following description refers to the accompanying drawings which show without any limiting nature an embodiment of a utility building according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an overview of a building according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section on II II of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a view along III III of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section of the ridge.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross section of the junction between two naves of a multi-span building.
  • - Figure 6 is a partial cross section.
  • Figure 1 shows part of a light utility building, for example a greenhouse.
  • This building comprises a supporting structure which is composed, in a known manner, of transverse trusses or gantries 1 which are connected together by longitudinal spacers 2.
  • the spacers 2 are fixed on the top of the posts supporting the trusses.
  • the spacers 2 are aligned end to end and extend without apparent discontinuity from one gable to the other of the building. They serve as supports for transparent tubular plates 3 which constitute the cladding and the waterproof cover of the building.
  • Joint covers 4 are engaged in the supports 2 above the longitudinal edges of the two plates which are supported on the same support.
  • FIG 1 a building under construction.
  • FIG. 1 a tubular plate 3 during installation.
  • This is supplied in the form of a roll 5 in which the channels of the plate are arranged tangentially.
  • the roller is unwound longitudinally so that the two longitudinal edges of the plate, which are parallel to the channels, are laid on two supports 2 whose spacing is equal to the width of the plates 3.
  • a joint cover is engaged between the edges of the two plates placed on the same support 2 and is locked in a chute of said support 2.
  • the channels of the tubular plates are arranged longitudinally and horizontally.
  • the plates 3 extend continuously from one end to the other of the building.
  • the ridge of the roof is composed of a tubular plate 6, the two longitudinal edges of which are held fixed to two longitudinal supports arranged on either side of the ridge.
  • the ridge plate 6 is also supplied in a roll. It is laid flat on the site and then bent elastically in the transverse direction so that the bending constitutes the ridge of the roof. To facilitate manual bending, the plate 6 has no channels and has only one wall in the bending zone. Likewise, the edges, that is to say the junctions between the roof and the vertical cladding, are produced by means of two tubular plates 7 which are elastically bent and which have no channels and consist of a single wall in the bending area. The aim is to build light buildings, easy to transport and assemble, and very bright buildings.
  • the buildings according to the invention are intended in particular for the construction of greenhouses with controlled opacity.
  • a liquid is circulated, the opacity of which is automatically controlled as a function of the brightness and / or the temperature in the greenhouse.
  • the tubular plates can also be used as solar collectors and in this case, a heat transfer liquid is circulated in the channels which transfers the calories captured to an accumulation tank.
  • the plates which are polycarbonate plates, have good thermal insulation properties and it is therefore also possible to construct light buildings in which the plates are used only as insulating walls without circulating any liquid in them. canals.
  • the detailed description of the various components of a building according to the invention is repeated below.
  • the frame shown is made up of triangular trusses mounted on two posts to form porticos.
  • the trusses and the posts are made up of transparent or translucent profiles, for example profiles made of transparent polyester resin which is advantageously laminated by fiberglass to increase the mechanical resistance.
  • Figure 2 is a partial section along II II of the figure
  • each gantry is made up of straight bars which can be assembled together on site by gussets 8 made of transparent resin reinforced with fiberglass which are assembled to the bars by gluing.
  • the transparent structural elements make it possible to obtain, inside the building, a gain in brightness and a longer duration of illumination.
  • This gain in brightness is advantageous in other applications such as, for example, blankets, swimming pools or indoor play rooms, for example indoor tennis courts or gymnastic halls.
  • FIG. 3 is a view along III III of FIG. 2 in which we see an example of a cross section of the supports 2 and the joint covers 4.
  • the supports 2 are profiles in transparent polymerizable resin, preferably reinforced with glass fibers to increase their mechanical resistance.
  • the supports 2 serve both to brace the trusses and to support the tubular plates.
  • the profiles 2 have at their upper part a chute 9, U-shaped, open upwards.
  • Each of the two side walls of this chute carries, in its upper part, a horizontal wing 10 which extends towards the outside of the chute and which serves as a bearing surface for the longitudinal edge of a tubular plate 3.
  • the wings can be reinforced by a console link from the end of each wing to the central core.
  • the joint covers 4 are constituted by transparent or translucent profiles, preferably polycarbonate profiles which resist well to ultraviolet rays. These profiles have two vertical wings 11 whose lower end is free.
  • the external width that is to say the distance between the external faces of the two wings is such that the wings can be forcibly engaged, by elastic deformation, inside the trough 9.
  • the side walls of the chute 9 each have a rib 12 directed towards the inside of the chute and the vertical wings 11 each have a groove.
  • the walls of the chute can have a groove and the wings 11 then have a rib directed towards the outside.
  • the wings 11 When the wings 11 are engaged in the trough 9 the ribs 12 engage in the grooves by elastic deformation whereby a good locking of the joint covers.
  • the internal faces of the ribs 12 and the external faces of the grooves advantageously have longitudinal ridges.
  • the joint covers 4 also comprise two lateral wings 13 and 14 which, at rest, are slightly inclined downwards away from the axis of symmetry.
  • the vertical wings 11 are engaged in the chute 9 and locked in the latter by the cooperation of the ribs and grooves, the free ends of the wings 13 and 14 are supported on the edges of the two tubular plates 3 placed on either side. other from support 2, and. these wings 13 and 14 are elastically deformed so that the elastic forces keep them pressed in a sealed manner against the upper faces of the two plates, and that the longitudinal edges of the tubular plates are semi-embedded.
  • the free ends of the two wings 13 and 14 and the upper and lower faces of the tubular plates have areas 15 longitudinally ribbed, which improves sealing and embedding.
  • the joint covers 4 prevent the plates 3 from being lifted by the wind.
  • the joint covers 4 are fitted after the two plates 3 have been placed on a support 2, so that the plates 3 delivered in rolls can be unwound freely before the installation of the joint covers.
  • the supports 2 comprise at the lower part a slide 16, for example a square tubular slide whose lower side is open.
  • the heads of the bolts 17, which serve to fix the supports 2 on the external face of the posts and trusses, are engaged in the slide 16 and the rods of the bolts pass through the opening of the slide.
  • the heads of the bolts have a width slightly less than the width of the slide 16 so that they cannot rotate.
  • the bolts 17 and the nuts are made of plastic.
  • the opening is closed during manufacture by a thin veil easy to break down on site and that we remove locally the places necessary for the passage of the fixing bolts.
  • the two side walls of the slide 16 are extended externally by two flanges 18 which bear on the external faces of the posts and the trusses of the frame.
  • These soles can be reinforced by a connection with the central console-shaped core.
  • the profiles 2 further comprise a square section tube 19 which is located between the chute 9 and the slide 16.
  • This tube is used to assemble end to end two supports by means of a square tube end 20, the external section of which corresponds to the internal section of the tube 19, and which is engaged in the tubes 19 of the two supports as shown in FIG. 2, so that the supports 2, assembled end to end extend without apparent discontinuity from one end to the other of the building.
  • joint covers 4 are composed of sections which are assembled end to end by means of fishplates 21 which are fitted on either side of the connection between two sections in the space delimited by the top of the cover. -joint and by the internal faces of the vertical wings 11. There is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 3 a splint 21 and a tubular end piece 20.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section, on a larger scale, of the roof ridge.
  • This figure shows the top of a truss 1 composed of two sections assembled by a gusset 8.
  • the ridge 6 of the cover is constituted by a transparent tubular polycarbonate plate of the same type as the plates 3.
  • This plate has no channels in the area which constitutes the ridge. In this zone the plate is reduced to the upper wall and it is therefore very easy to bend this plate in this zone. This bending can be carried out manually on site simply by elastically deforming the plate when its edges are engaged under the two joint covers 4d and 4g.
  • the two edges 7 of the cover are made in the same way.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross section of the junction between two naves of a building with several adjoining naves, for example of a multi-span greenhouse.
  • a post 22 which is at the junction of the two naves and which serves as a common support for two gantries 23 1 and 23 2 .
  • two longitudinal supports 4 1 and 4 2 which are placed on top of the two gantries, symmetrically with respect to the junction plane JJ 'of the two naves.
  • FIG. 5 also represents a channel 24 which collects and discharges the water falling from the roofs.
  • This channel is a profile in transparent or translucent resin, for example in polyester resin.
  • it is reinforced with glass fibers in order to increase its mechanical strength and it participates mechanically in the connection between trusses.
  • the bottom of the channel 24 is composed of two walls which diverge one from the other symmetrically on either side of the junction plane JJ 'by making an angle o which corresponds to the angle of inclination of the two gantries and this bottom is placed on top of the two gantries.
  • a building has been described above, the covering and lateral cladding of which are made wholly or in part of transparent tubular plates.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross section of another embodiment.
  • the transparent plates 3, the longitudinal edges of which are semi-recessed in the longitudinal supports 2 participate structurally in the mechanical strength of the building by a hull effect.
  • the plates 3 are placed according to a sawtooth or accordion surface shown on Figure 6.
  • a sawtooth or accordion surface shown on Figure 6.
  • sections 2a, 2b of different height whose wings 10 are slightly inclined upwards for the shortest sections 2a and downwards for the tallest sections 2b and we alternate profiles of each type.
  • a surface in the form of successive dihedrons is finally obtained in which each plate 3 constitutes a facet of a dihedron and this ribbed surface forms a shell which contributes to the resistance of the structure and which is more rigid than a flat surface.
  • the tallest sections 2b can be replaced by sections of the same height as the other sections 2a, placed on a block.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

A building according to the invention comprises a carrier structure consisting of portals (1) and struts (2) of transparent or translucent sections. The struts (2) are secured outside the portals and extend without apparent discontinuity throughout the length of the building. The covering and the lateral borderings are comprised of tubular plates (3) which are laid between two struts (2) which support the plates. The plates (3) are fixed to the supports by transparent strap joints (4) which are nested in a channel provided at the upper part of the supports (2). An application is the construction of controlled shade greenhouses or high luminosity greenhouses.

Description

Bâtiments utilitaires légers et lumineux et procédé de construction. La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de construction de bâtiments utilitaires légers tels que des serres, des hangars, des halls industriels, des bâtiments d'élevage, des couvertures de piscines etc... Elle a également pour objet des bâtiments utilitaires ou des parties de bâtiments construits selon le procédé suivant l'invention. Light and bright utility buildings and construction method. The present invention relates to a method of constructing light utility buildings such as greenhouses, hangars, industrial halls, livestock buildings, swimming pool covers, etc. It also relates to utility buildings or parts of buildings constructed according to the method according to the invention.
Le secteur technique de l'invention est celui de la construction des bâtiments légers utilitaires.The technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of light utility buildings.
Dans la suite de l'exposé, on décrira principalement la construction de serres mais il est précisé que cet exemple n'est pas limitatif et que le procédé selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour construire avec les mêmes éléments de charpente, de bardage et de couverture, des bâtiments légers destinés à divers usages tels que hangars, entrepôts, locaux industriels, gymnases, couvertures de piscines, locaux d'élevage, bâtiments de chantier, toitures en multichapelles, rues ou passages couverts etc.In the rest of the description, the construction of greenhouses will mainly be described, but it is specified that this example is not limiting and that the method according to the invention can be used to build with the same structural elements, cladding and roofing, light buildings intended for various uses such as hangars, warehouses, industrial premises, gymnasiums, swimming pool covers, livestock premises, site buildings, multi-roofed roofs, streets or covered passages etc.
Les serres traditionnelles comportent une charpente qui est composée de fermes ou d'arceaux métalliques et une couverture transparente qui est composée de feuilles de matière plastique tendues sur les arceaux ou de panneaux vitrés posés sur une charpente.Traditional greenhouses have a frame which is made up of trusses or metal arches and a transparent cover which is made up of plastic sheets stretched over the arches or glass panels placed on a frame.
Récemment on a proposé de construire des serres ou d'autres locaux utilitaires à opacité contrôlable, qui comportent un bardage et une couverture qui sont composés en totalité ou en partie de plaques ou panneaux tubulaires transparents dans lesquels on fait circuler un liquide dont on fait varier automatiquement l'opacité, ce qui permet de capter une partie plus ou moins élevée de l'énergie lumineuse et de contrôler la température et la luminosité à l'intérieur du local. Le brevet FR 7804999 (P. COMTE et R. REPETTI) décrit une serre de ce type qui comporte des plaques tubulaires transparentes en polycarbonate qui sont placées sous la couverture transparente et dans lesquelles on fait circuler une suspension dans l'eau de particules plus lourdes que l'eau et on contrôle l'opacité de cette suspension en modulant automatiquement la quantité de particules qui sédimentent. Le brevet FR 8000259 (P. COMPTE et R. REPETTI) décrit des ëchangeurs allongés, composés de plaques tubulaires transparentes en polycarbonate et une application particulière de ceux-ci dans laquelle ces plaques sont disposées sous la couverture transparente d'une serre pour servir de capteurs solaires ou de panneaux â opacité variable. Les deux brevets qui viennent d'être cités décrivent un procédé de construction de serres dans lequel on utilise des plaques tubulaires transparentes placées sous la couverture d'une serre dont la charpente est une charpente métallique traditionnelle. L'objectif de la présente invention est de proposer un nouveau procédé de construction et de nouveaux bâtiments et locaux utilitaires dans lesquels des plaques tubulaires transparentes sont utilisées comme éléments de couverture et/ou de bardage avec tous les avantages que ces plaques peuvent procurer. Dans les serres décrites dans les deux brevets antérieurs cités, les plaques tubulaires transparentes sont placées sous la couverture étanche.Recently, it has been proposed to build greenhouses or other utility premises with controllable opacity, which include cladding and a covering which are composed wholly or in part of transparent tubular plates or panels in which a liquid is circulated, which is varied. the opacity automatically, which makes it possible to capture a higher or lower part of the light energy and to control the temperature and the brightness inside the room. Patent FR 7804999 (P. COMTE and R. REPETTI) describes a greenhouse of this type which comprises transparent tubular polycarbonate plates which are placed under the transparent cover and in which a suspension in heavier particles is circulated water and the opacity of this suspension is controlled by automatically modulating the quantity of particles which sediment. Patent FR 8000259 (P. COMPTE and R. REPETTI) describes elongated exchangers, composed of transparent tubular polycarbonate plates and a particular application of these in which these plates are arranged under the transparent cover of a greenhouse to serve as solar collectors or panels with variable opacity. The two patents which have just been cited describe a process for the construction of greenhouses in which transparent tubular plates are used placed under the cover of a greenhouse whose frame is a traditional metal frame. The objective of the present invention is to provide a new construction method and new buildings and utility rooms in which transparent tubular plates are used as covering and / or cladding elements with all the advantages that these plates can provide. In the greenhouses described in the two cited earlier patents, the transparent tubular plates are placed under the waterproof cover.
Dans le procédé selon la présente demande, les plaques tubulaires transparentes font fonction d'éléments de couverture ou de bardage êtanches d'où une économie de construction.In the method according to the present application, the transparent tubular plates act as waterproof covering or cladding elements, hence saving construction.
Les plaques tubulaires en polycarbonate présentent la particularité d'être livrées en rouleaux de grande longueur, par exemple des rouleaux de 50 cm. de largeur et de 50 m. de longueur, les canaux des plaques étant disposés dans le sens de la longueur et étant disposes tangentiellepent lorsque la plaque est enroulée.Polycarbonate tubular sheets have the particularity of being supplied in very long rolls, for example 50 cm rolls. wide and 50 m. in length, the channels of the plates being arranged lengthwise and being tangentially arranged when the plate is rolled up.
Dans les bâtiments décrits dans le brevet FR 7804999 les bords longitudinaux des plaques tubulaires sont engagés entre les deux lèvres de supports qui sont suspendus â la charpente. Pour engager les bords entre les deux lèvres des supports, il est donc nëcessaire de dérouler les plaques puis de les engager à plat entre les lèvres et un tel mode de fixation convient mal pour des plaques de grande longueur.In the buildings described in patent FR 7804999 the longitudinal edges of the tubular plates are engaged between the two support lips which are suspended from the frame. To engage the edges between the two lips of the supports, it is therefore necessary to unroll the plates and then to engage them flat between the lips and such a method of attachment is ill-suited for very long plates.
Un autre objectif de la présente invention est de procurer des supports de plaques qui permettent de dérouler, d'abord les rouleaux puis de les fixer sur les supports.Another object of the present invention is to provide plate supports which enable the rollers to be unrolled first and then to fix them on the supports.
Les bâtiments connus â ce jour comportant des plaques tubulaires transparentes comportent des charpentes et des supports de plaques qui sont construits en matériaux opaques, généralement en profilés métalliques. Il en résulte que ces profilés projettent une ombre permanente dans le bâtiment. Cette ombre permanente est très importante lorsque le soleil est très oblique, c'est-à-dire le matin et le'' soir. Des mesures ont montré que l'énergie lumineuse arrivant sur le sol d'une serre au cours d'une journée était réduite de 30% à 50% par rapport à l'énergie lumineuse qui serait reçue sur une même surface extérieure.The buildings known to date comprising transparent tubular plates include frames and plate supports which are constructed of opaque materials, generally of metal profiles. As a result, these profiles cast a permanent shade in the building. This permanent shade is very important when the sun is very oblique, that is to say in the morning and in the '' evening. Measurements have shown that the light energy arriving on the ground of a greenhouse during a day was reduced by 30% to 50% compared to the light energy which would be received on the same external surface.
On rappelle que les très hauts niveaux de luminosité sont généralement inutilisables par les plantes tandis que toute augmentation de luminosité dans des conditions d' éclairement faible est très bénéfique pour les plantes. Ainsi, il est très important pour les cultures en serres de réduire le moins possible la luminosité dans la serre aux premières et au dernières heures de la journée. Dans le cas de serres dont la couverture et/ou les bardages latéraux sont composés de plaques tubulaires transparentes dans lesquelles circule un liquide à opacité variable qui permet de contrôler la luminosité dans la serre, les éléments de charpentes opaques constituent des ombrages permanents qui réduisent les possibilités de contrôle de la luminosité et la durée d' éclairement dans la serre.It is recalled that very high levels of brightness are generally unusable by plants while any increase in brightness under poor lighting conditions is very beneficial for plants. Thus, it is very important for greenhouse crops to reduce the brightness in the greenhouse as little as possible during the first and last hours of the day. In the case of greenhouses whose cover and / or side cladding are composed of transparent tubular plates in which circulates a liquid with variable opacity which makes it possible to control the luminosity in the greenhouse, the elements of opaque frames constitute permanent shading which reduce the possibilities of controlling the brightness and the duration of lighting in the greenhouse.
Un autre objectif de la présente invention est de proposer une structure de bâtiment qui permet de supporter une couverture et/ ou des éléments de bardage composés de plaques tubulaires transparentes en conservant au maximum le flux lumineux qui pénètre. dans le bâtiment après avoir traversé les plaques transparentes.Another objective of the present invention is to provide a building structure which makes it possible to support a covering and / or cladding elements composed of transparent tubular plates while preserving as much as possible the luminous flux which penetrates. in the building after crossing the transparent plates.
Les bâtiments utilitaires légers selon l'invention sont du type comportant d'une part une structure porteuse, composée de portiques transversaux, reliés entre eux par des entretoises longitudinales et d'autre part une couverture ëtanche et des bardages latéraux. Les objectifs de l'invention sont atteints au moyen d'un procédé de construction, caractérisé en ce que la structure porteuse est composée de portiques en profilés transparents ou translucides qui sont reliés entre eux par des profilés longitudinaux transparents ou translucides qui sont fixés contre les faces externes des portiques et qui s'étendent sans interruption apparente sur toute la longueur du bâtiment et on construit la couverture et les bardages latéraux en posant entre chaque paire de profilés longitudinaux une plaque tubulaire transparente s'étendant sur toute la longueur du bâtiment et on fixe lesdites plaques auxdits supports longitudinaux. Un bâtiment utilitaire léger selon l'invention comporte des portiques qui sont composés de profilés transparents ou translucides et qui sont reliés entre eux par des supports longitudinaux, composés de profilés transparents ou translucides, lesquels supports sont fixés sur le dessus et sur les faces externes desdits portiques et s'étendent sans discontinuité apparente sur toute la longueur de la serre et la couverture et les bardages latéraux sont composés, en totalité ou en partie, de plaques tubulaires transparentes ou translucides qui sont posées entre chaque paire de supports longitudinaux et qui s'étendent sur toute là longueur du bâtiment et qui sont fixées auxdits supports longitudinaux par des moyens de fixation transparents.The light utility buildings according to the invention are of the type comprising on the one hand a supporting structure, composed of transverse gantries, connected to each other by longitudinal spacers and on the other hand a waterproof cover and lateral cladding. The objectives of the invention are achieved by means of a construction process, characterized in that the supporting structure is composed of gantries in transparent or translucent profiles which are connected together by transparent or translucent longitudinal profiles which are fixed against the external faces of the porticoes and which extend without apparent interruption over the entire length of the building and the cover and the side cladding are constructed by placing between each pair of longitudinal profiles a transparent tubular plate extending over the entire length of the building and fixes said plates to said longitudinal supports. A light utility building according to the invention comprises gantries which are composed of transparent or translucent profiles and which are connected together by longitudinal supports, composed of transparent or translucent profiles, which supports are fixed on the top and on the external faces of said gantries and extend without apparent discontinuity over the entire length of the greenhouse and the covering and the lateral cladding are composed, in whole or in part, of transparent or translucent tubular plates which are placed between each pair of longitudinal supports and which extend over the entire length of the building and which are fixed to said longitudinal supports by transparent fixing means.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel un bâtiment selon l'invention comporte des supports longitudinaux qui sont constitués par des profilés qui comportent, à leur partie supérieure, une goulotte en forme de U ouverte vers le haut et les plaques tubulaires sont fixées aux profilés par des couvre-joints qui sont constitués par des profilés transparents ou translucides qui comportent deux ailes verticales qui sont engagées de force, par déformation élastique, à l'intérieur de ladite goulotte et deux ailes latérales qui recouvrent les bords de deux plaques tubulaires et qui sont appliquées de façon ëtanche contre celles-ci par déformation élastique.According to a preferred embodiment, a building according to the invention comprises longitudinal supports which are constituted by profiles which comprise, at their upper part, a U-shaped trough open upwards and the tubular plates are fixed to the profiles by joint covers which consist of transparent or translucent profiles which have two vertical wings which are forcibly engaged, by elastic deformation, inside said chute and two lateral wings which cover the edges of two tubular plates and which are applied tightly against them by elastic deformation.
L'invention a pour résultat de nouveaux bâtiments utilitaires légers et trés lumineux. Les bâtiments selon l'invention sont composés essentiellement,d'une structure en profilés de résine transparente et d'éléments de cotrverture en plaques tubulaires, c'est-à-dire d'éléments légers, et qui laissent passer un maximum de lumière.The invention results in new light and very bright utility buildings. The buildings according to the invention are essentially composed of a structure made of transparent resin profiles and of covering elements in tubular plates, that is to say of light elements, which allow a maximum of light to pass through.
De plus, les plaques tubulaires peuvent être transportées en rouleaux et les portiques et les supports longitudinaux peuvent être transportés sous forme de barres de longueur courante et assemblés sur chantier de sorte que le volume à transporter est réduit.In addition, the tubular plates can be transported in rolls and the gantries and the longitudinal supports can be transported in the form of bars of standard length and assembled on site so that the volume to be transported is reduced.
Le mode de fixation des plaques aux supports longitudinaux par des couvre-joints emboîtés ou par toute autre fixation équivalente, permet de poser les plaques en les déroulant. Les bâtiments selon l'invention sont particulièrement adaptés pour construire des serres à ombrage contrôlé en faisant circuler dans les canaux des plaques tubulaires un liquide à opacité variable.The method of fixing the plates to the longitudinal supports by interlocking joint covers or by any other equivalent fixing allows the plates to be laid by unrolling them. The buildings according to the invention are particularly suitable for constructing greenhouses with controlled shade by circulating in the channels of the tubular plates a liquid with variable opacity.
On peut également faire circuler dans les canaux des plaques tubulaires un liquide caloporteur et dans ce cas ces plaques font fonction de capteurs solaires qui permettent par exemple de stocker de la chaleur dans un réservoir d'accumulation pendant les heures chaudes de la journée pour les restituer ensuite au bâtiment.One can also circulate in the channels of the tubular plates a heat-transfer liquid and in this case these plates act as solar collectors which allow for example to store heat in an accumulation tank during the hot hours of the day to restore them then to the building.
Les bâtiments selon l'invention peuvent trouver des applications intéressantes dans de nombreux domaines. Ils peuvent être utilisés pour construire par exemple des couvertures de piscines ou de tennis ou des salles de jeux ou de gymnastique très lumineuses, des halls ou des ateliers de fabrication notamment des parties de toitures de ceux-ci en multichapelles lumineuses (sheds) , des vérandas, des locaux d'élevage ou d'aquaculture. Le procédé de construction selon l'invention peut être utilisé également pour construire des couvertures de rues ou des passages couverts à opacité contrôlée, notamment dans les pays chauds. La description suivante se réfère aux dessins annexés qui représentent sans aucun caractère limitatif un exemple de réalisation d'un bâtiment utilitaire selon l'invention.The buildings according to the invention can find interesting applications in many areas. They can be used to build, for example, swimming pool or tennis covers or very bright games or gymnastics rooms, halls or workshops, in particular parts of roofs of these in light multichapels (sheds), verandas, breeding or aquaculture premises. The construction method according to the invention can also be used to construct street covers or covered passages with controlled opacity, especially in hot countries. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings which show without any limiting nature an embodiment of a utility building according to the invention.
- La figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble d'un bâtiment selon l'invention. - La figure 2 est une coupe selon II II de la figure 1.- Figure 1 is an overview of a building according to the invention. - Figure 2 is a section on II II of Figure 1.
- La figure 3 est une vue selon III III de la figure 2.- Figure 3 is a view along III III of Figure 2.
- La figure 4 est une coupe transversale du faîtage.- Figure 4 is a cross section of the ridge.
- La figuré 5 est une coupe transversale de la jonction entre deux nefs d'un bâtiment à multichapelles. - La figure 6 est une coupe transversale partielle.- Figure 5 is a cross section of the junction between two naves of a multi-span building. - Figure 6 is a partial cross section.
La figure 1 représente une partie d'un bâtiment utilitaire léger,par exemple d'une serre. Ce bâtiment comporte une structure porteuse qui est composée, de façon connue, de fermes transversales ou de portiques 1 qui sont reliés entre eux par des entretoises longitudinales 2. Dans un bâtiment selon l'invention, les entretoises 2 sont fixées sur le dessus des poteaux supportant les fermes. Les entretoises 2 sont alignées bout à bout et s'étendent sans discontinuité apparente d'un pignon à l'autre du bâtiment. Elles servent de supports à des plaques tubulaires transparentes 3 qui constituent les bardages et la couverture étanche du bâtiment. Des couvre-joints 4 sont engagés dans les supports 2 au-dessus des bords longitudinaux des deux plaques qui s'appuient sur un même support. On a représenté sur la figure 1 un bâtiment en cours de construction.Figure 1 shows part of a light utility building, for example a greenhouse. This building comprises a supporting structure which is composed, in a known manner, of transverse trusses or gantries 1 which are connected together by longitudinal spacers 2. In a building according to the invention, the spacers 2 are fixed on the top of the posts supporting the trusses. The spacers 2 are aligned end to end and extend without apparent discontinuity from one gable to the other of the building. They serve as supports for transparent tubular plates 3 which constitute the cladding and the waterproof cover of the building. Joint covers 4 are engaged in the supports 2 above the longitudinal edges of the two plates which are supported on the same support. There is shown in Figure 1 a building under construction.
On voit sur la figure 1 une plaque tubulaire 3 en cours de pose. Celle-ci est livrée sous forme d'un rouleau 5 dans lequel les canaux de la plaque sont disposés tangentîellement. Pour poser la plaque, on déroule,le rouleau longitudinalement de sorte que les deux bords longitudinaux de la plaque, qui sont parallèles aux canaux, sont posés sur deux supports 2 dont l'écartement est égal à la largeur des plaques 3. Après que deux plaques voisines ont été déroulées, on engage entre les bords des deux plaques posés sur un même support 2, un couvre-joint qui s'engage et se verrouille dans une goulotte dudit support 2. On voit sur la figure 1 que les canaux des plaques tubulaires sont disposés longitudinalement et horizontalement. Les plaques 3 s'étendent sans discontinuité d'une extrémité à l'autre du bâtiment . Le faîtage de la toiture est composé d'une plaque tubulaire 6 dont les deux bords longitudinaux sont maintenus fixés à deux supports longitudînaux disposés de part et d'autre du faîte.We see in Figure 1 a tubular plate 3 during installation. This is supplied in the form of a roll 5 in which the channels of the plate are arranged tangentially. To lay the plate, the roller is unwound longitudinally so that the two longitudinal edges of the plate, which are parallel to the channels, are laid on two supports 2 whose spacing is equal to the width of the plates 3. After two neighboring plates have been unrolled, a joint cover is engaged between the edges of the two plates placed on the same support 2 and is locked in a chute of said support 2. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that the channels of the tubular plates are arranged longitudinally and horizontally. The plates 3 extend continuously from one end to the other of the building. The ridge of the roof is composed of a tubular plate 6, the two longitudinal edges of which are held fixed to two longitudinal supports arranged on either side of the ridge.
La plaque de faîtage 6 est également livrée en rouleau. Elle est déroulée à plat sur le chantier puis cintrée ëlastiquement dans le sens transversal de sorte que le cintrage constitue le faîtage de la couverture. Pour faciliter le cintrage άanuel, la plaque 6 est dëpourvue de canaux et comporte uniquement une paroi dans la zone du cintrage. De même, les rives, c'est-à-dire les jonctions entre la toiture et les bardages verticaux, sont réalisées au moyen de deux plaques tubulaires 7 qui sont cintrées ëlastiquement et qui sont dépourvues de canaux et sont constituées d'une seule paroi dans la zone de cintrage. Le butf recherché est de construire des bâtiments légers, faciles à transporter et à monter, et des bâtiments très lumineux.The ridge plate 6 is also supplied in a roll. It is laid flat on the site and then bent elastically in the transverse direction so that the bending constitutes the ridge of the roof. To facilitate manual bending, the plate 6 has no channels and has only one wall in the bending zone. Likewise, the edges, that is to say the junctions between the roof and the vertical cladding, are produced by means of two tubular plates 7 which are elastically bent and which have no channels and consist of a single wall in the bending area. The aim is to build light buildings, easy to transport and assemble, and very bright buildings.
Les bâtiments selon l'invention sont destinés notamment à la construction de serres à opacité contrôlée. Dans ce cas, on fait circuler un liquide dont on contrôle automatiquement l'opacité en fonction de la luminosité et/ou de la température dans la serre. On peut également utiliser les plaques tubulaires comme capteurs solaires et dans ce cas, on fait circuler dans les canaux un liquide caloporteur qui transfère les calories captées vers un réservoir d'accumulation. Ces applications ne sont pas limitatives. Grâce à leur structure tubulaire, les plaques, qui sont des plaques en polycarbonate, ont de bonnes propriétés d'isolation thermique et on peut donc également construire des bâtiments légers dans lesquels les plaques sont utilisées uniquement comme parois isolantes sans faire circuler aucun liquide dans les canaux. On reprend ci-après la description détaillée des divers composants d'un bâtiment selon l'invention.The buildings according to the invention are intended in particular for the construction of greenhouses with controlled opacity. In this case, a liquid is circulated, the opacity of which is automatically controlled as a function of the brightness and / or the temperature in the greenhouse. The tubular plates can also be used as solar collectors and in this case, a heat transfer liquid is circulated in the channels which transfers the calories captured to an accumulation tank. These applications are not limiting. Thanks to their tubular structure, the plates, which are polycarbonate plates, have good thermal insulation properties and it is therefore also possible to construct light buildings in which the plates are used only as insulating walls without circulating any liquid in them. canals. The detailed description of the various components of a building according to the invention is repeated below.
La charpente représentée est composée de fermes triangulaires montées sur deux poteaux pour former des portiques. Les fermes et les poteaux sont constitués par des profilés transparents ou translucides, par exemple des profilés en résine polyester transparente qui est avantageusement stratifiée par de la fibre de verre pour accroître la résistance mécanique. La figure 2 est une coupe partielle selon II II de la figureThe frame shown is made up of triangular trusses mounted on two posts to form porticos. The trusses and the posts are made up of transparent or translucent profiles, for example profiles made of transparent polyester resin which is advantageously laminated by fiberglass to increase the mechanical resistance. Figure 2 is a partial section along II II of the figure
1. On voit sur celle-ci un exemple de profil transversal des profilés en polyester qui constituent les fermes et les poteaux 1.1. An example of a transverse profile of the polyester profiles which constitute the trusses and the posts 1 is seen thereon.
Dans cet exemple, le profil transversal est un profil nervuré en forme de C ou de U. Avantageusement chaque portique est constitué de barres droites qui peuvent être assemblées entre elles sur chantier par des goussets 8 en résine transparente armée de fibre de verre qui sont assemblés aux barres par collage.In this example, the transverse profile is a ribbed profile in the form of a C or a U. Advantageously each gantry is made up of straight bars which can be assembled together on site by gussets 8 made of transparent resin reinforced with fiberglass which are assembled to the bars by gluing.
Les éléments de structure transparents permettent d'obtenir à l'intérieur du bâtiment un gain de luminosité et une plus grande durée d' éclairement.The transparent structural elements make it possible to obtain, inside the building, a gain in brightness and a longer duration of illumination.
Dans le cas de serres, le gain de luminosité et de durée d'ëclairement permettent d'obtenir un meilleur rendement des cultures.In the case of greenhouses, the gain in brightness and duration of illumination allow a better crop yield to be obtained.
Ce gain de luminosité est avantageux dans d'autres applications telles que par exemple des couvertures, de piscines ou des salles couvertes de jeux, par exemple des tennis couverts ou des salles de gymnastique.This gain in brightness is advantageous in other applications such as, for example, blankets, swimming pools or indoor play rooms, for example indoor tennis courts or gymnastic halls.
Le procédé de construction selon l'invention est avantageux, par exemple pour construire des rues ou passages couverts qui restent lumineux et dont la luminosité peut être contrôlée. La figure 3 est une vue suivant III III de la figure 2 sur laquelle on voit un exemple d'une section transversale des supports 2 et des couvre-joints 4.The construction method according to the invention is advantageous, for example for building streets or covered passages which remain bright and whose brightness can be controlled. FIG. 3 is a view along III III of FIG. 2 in which we see an example of a cross section of the supports 2 and the joint covers 4.
Les supports 2 sont des profilés en résine polymêrisable transparente, de préférence armée de fibres de verre pour augmenter leur résistance mécanique. Les supports 2 servent à la fois à entretoiser les fermes et à supporter les plaques tubulaires.The supports 2 are profiles in transparent polymerizable resin, preferably reinforced with glass fibers to increase their mechanical resistance. The supports 2 serve both to brace the trusses and to support the tubular plates.
Les profilés 2 comportent à leur partie supérieure une goulotte 9, en forme de U, ouverte vers le haut. Chacune des deux parois latérales de cette goulotte porte, dans sa partie supérieure, une aile horizontale 10 qui s'étend vers l'extérieur de la goulotte et qui sert de surface d'appui pour le bord longitudinal d'une plaque tubulaire 3. En variante, les ailes peuvent être renforcées par une liaison en console de l'extrémité de chaque aile à l'âme centrale. Les couvre-joints 4 sont constitués par des profilés transparents ou translucides, de préférence des profilés en polycarbonate qui résistent bien aux rayons ultra-violets. Ces profilés comportent deux ailes verticales 11 dont l'extrémité inférieure est libre . La largeur externe, c'est-à-dire la distance entre les faces externes des deux ailes est telle que les ailes puissent être engagées de force, par déformation élastique, à l'intérieur de la goulotte 9. Pour améliorer la fixation du couvre-joint, les parois latérales de la goulotte 9 comportent chacune une nervure 12 dirigée vers l'intérieur de la goulotte et les ailes verticales 11 comportent chacune une rainure. En variante, les parois de la goulotte peuvent compter une rainure et les ailes 11 comportent alors une nervure dirigée vers l'extérieur. Lorsque les ailes 11 sont engagées dans la goulotte 9 les nervures 12 s'engagent dans les rainures par déformation élastique d'où un bon verrouillage des couvre-joints. Pour améliorer le blocage, les faces internes des nervures 12 et les faces externes des rainures comportent avantageusement des stries longitudinales.The profiles 2 have at their upper part a chute 9, U-shaped, open upwards. Each of the two side walls of this chute carries, in its upper part, a horizontal wing 10 which extends towards the outside of the chute and which serves as a bearing surface for the longitudinal edge of a tubular plate 3. In variant, the wings can be reinforced by a console link from the end of each wing to the central core. The joint covers 4 are constituted by transparent or translucent profiles, preferably polycarbonate profiles which resist well to ultraviolet rays. These profiles have two vertical wings 11 whose lower end is free. The external width, that is to say the distance between the external faces of the two wings is such that the wings can be forcibly engaged, by elastic deformation, inside the trough 9. To improve the fixing of the cover -joint, the side walls of the chute 9 each have a rib 12 directed towards the inside of the chute and the vertical wings 11 each have a groove. As a variant, the walls of the chute can have a groove and the wings 11 then have a rib directed towards the outside. When the wings 11 are engaged in the trough 9 the ribs 12 engage in the grooves by elastic deformation whereby a good locking of the joint covers. To improve the blocking, the internal faces of the ribs 12 and the external faces of the grooves advantageously have longitudinal ridges.
Les couvre-joints 4 comportent en outre deux ailes latérales 13 et 14 qui, au repos, sont légèrement inclinées vers le bas en s'ëloignant de l'axe de symétrie. Lorsque les ailes verticales 11 sont engagées dans la goulotte 9 et bloquées dans celle-ci par la coopération des nervures et des rainures, les extrémités libres des ailes 13 et 14 sont appuyées sur les bords des deux plaques tubulaires 3 posées de part et d'autre du support 2, et. ces ailes 13 et 14 sont déformées êlasciquement de sorte que les forces élastiques les maintiennent appuyées de façon étanche contre les faces supérieures des deux plaques, et que les bords longitudinaux des, plaques tubulaires sont semi-encastrés.The joint covers 4 also comprise two lateral wings 13 and 14 which, at rest, are slightly inclined downwards away from the axis of symmetry. When the vertical wings 11 are engaged in the chute 9 and locked in the latter by the cooperation of the ribs and grooves, the free ends of the wings 13 and 14 are supported on the edges of the two tubular plates 3 placed on either side. other from support 2, and. these wings 13 and 14 are elastically deformed so that the elastic forces keep them pressed in a sealed manner against the upper faces of the two plates, and that the longitudinal edges of the tubular plates are semi-embedded.
Avantageusement les extrémités libres des deux ailes 13 et 14 et les faces supérieures et inférieures des plaques tubulaires comportent des plages 15 striées longitudinalement, ce qui améliore l'étanchéitë et l'encastrement. Les couvre-joints 4 empêchent les plaques 3 d'être soulevées par le vent.Advantageously, the free ends of the two wings 13 and 14 and the upper and lower faces of the tubular plates have areas 15 longitudinally ribbed, which improves sealing and embedding. The joint covers 4 prevent the plates 3 from being lifted by the wind.
Les couvre-joints 4 sont emboîtés après que les deux plaques 3 ont été posées sur un support 2, de telle sorte que les plaques 3 livrëes en rouleaux peuvent être déroulées librement avant la mise en place des couvre-joints.The joint covers 4 are fitted after the two plates 3 have been placed on a support 2, so that the plates 3 delivered in rolls can be unwound freely before the installation of the joint covers.
Les supports 2 comportent à la partie inférieure une glissière 16, par exemple une glissière tubulaire carrée dont le côté inférieur est ouvert. Les têtes des boulons 17, qui servent à fixer les supports 2 sur la face externe des poteaux et des fermes, sont engagées dans la glissière 16 et les tiges des boulons traversent l'ouverture de la glissière. Les têtes des boulons ont une largeur légèrement inférieure à la largeur de la glissière 16 de sorte qu'elles ne peuvent tourner.The supports 2 comprise at the lower part a slide 16, for example a square tubular slide whose lower side is open. The heads of the bolts 17, which serve to fix the supports 2 on the external face of the posts and trusses, are engaged in the slide 16 and the rods of the bolts pass through the opening of the slide. The heads of the bolts have a width slightly less than the width of the slide 16 so that they cannot rotate.
De préférence, les boulons 17 et les écrous sont en matière plastique.Preferably, the bolts 17 and the nuts are made of plastic.
Afin d'éviter que la poussière ne pénètre dans la glissière 16 à travers l'ouverture qui s'étend sur toute la longueur de celle-ci, en variante l'ouverture est obturée à la fabrication par un voile mince facile à défoncer sur chantier et que l'on enlève de façon localisée anx endroits' nécessaires au passage des boulons de fixation.In order to prevent dust from entering the slide 16 through the opening which extends over the entire length thereof, alternatively the opening is closed during manufacture by a thin veil easy to break down on site and that we remove locally the places necessary for the passage of the fixing bolts.
Avantageusement les deux parois latérales de la glissière 16 sont prolongées extérieurement par deux semelles 18 qui prennent appui sur les faces externes des poteaux et des fermes de la charpente. Ces semelles peuvent être renforcées par une liaison avee l'âme centrale en forme de console.Advantageously, the two side walls of the slide 16 are extended externally by two flanges 18 which bear on the external faces of the posts and the trusses of the frame. These soles can be reinforced by a connection with the central console-shaped core.
Les profilés 2 comportent en outre un tube de section carrée 19 qui est situé entre la goulotte 9 et la glissière 16. Ce tube sert à assembler bout, à bout deux supports au moyen d'un bout de tube carré 20, dont la section externe correspond à la section interne du tube 19, et qui est engagé dans les tubes 19 des deux supports comme le montre la figure 2, de telle sorte que les supports 2, assembles bout à bout s'étendent sans discontinuité apparente d'une extrémité à l'autre du bâtiment.The profiles 2 further comprise a square section tube 19 which is located between the chute 9 and the slide 16. This tube is used to assemble end to end two supports by means of a square tube end 20, the external section of which corresponds to the internal section of the tube 19, and which is engaged in the tubes 19 of the two supports as shown in FIG. 2, so that the supports 2, assembled end to end extend without apparent discontinuity from one end to the other of the building.
De la même façon les couvre-joints 4 sont composés de tronçons qui sont assemblés bout à bout au moyen d'éclisses 21 qui sont emboîtées de part et d'autre de la liaison entre deux tronçons dans l'espace délimité par le dessus du couvre-joint et par les faces internes des ailes verticales 11. On a représenté en pointillés sur la figure 3 une éclisse 21 et un embout tubulaire 20.In the same way the joint covers 4 are composed of sections which are assembled end to end by means of fishplates 21 which are fitted on either side of the connection between two sections in the space delimited by the top of the cover. -joint and by the internal faces of the vertical wings 11. There is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 3 a splint 21 and a tubular end piece 20.
La figure 4 est une coupe transversale, à plus grande échelle, du faîte de la toiture. On voit sur cette figure le sommet d'une ferme 1 composée de deux profilés assemblés par un gousset 8. On voit également en section transversale deux supports 2d et 2g fixés sur la ferme symétriquement par rapport au plan de symétrie longitudinal PP'. Le faîtage 6 de la couverture est constitué par une plaque tubulaire transparente en polycarbonate de même type que les plaques 3. La seule différence est que cette plaque est dépourvue de canaux dans la zone qui constitue le faîte. Dans cette zone la plaque est réduite à la paroi supérieure et il est donc très facile de cintrer cette plaque dans cette zone. Ce cintrage peut être réalisé manuellement sur chantier simplement en déformant ëlastiquement la plaque lorsqu'on engage ses bords sous les deux couvre-joints 4d et 4g.Figure 4 is a cross section, on a larger scale, of the roof ridge. This figure shows the top of a truss 1 composed of two sections assembled by a gusset 8. We also see in cross section two supports 2d and 2g fixed on the truss symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry PP '. The ridge 6 of the cover is constituted by a transparent tubular polycarbonate plate of the same type as the plates 3. The only difference is that this plate has no channels in the area which constitutes the ridge. In this zone the plate is reduced to the upper wall and it is therefore very easy to bend this plate in this zone. This bending can be carried out manually on site simply by elastically deforming the plate when its edges are engaged under the two joint covers 4d and 4g.
Les deux rives 7 de la couverture sont réalisées de la même façon.The two edges 7 of the cover are made in the same way.
La figure 5 est une coupe transversale de la jonction entre deux nefs d'un bâtiment comportant plusieurs nefs accolées, par exemple d'une serre multichapelles. On voit sur cette figure un poteau 22 qui se trouve à la jonction des deux nefs et qui sert de support commun à deux portiques 231 et 232. On voit également deux supports longitudinaux 41 et 42 qui sont posés sur le dessus des deux portiques, symêtriquement par rapport au plan de jonction JJ' des deux nefs. La figure 5 représente en outre un cheneau 24 qui recueille et évacue les eaux tombant des toitures. Ce cheneau est un profilé en résine transparente ou translucide, par exemple en résine polyester. De préférence, il est armé de fibres de verre afin d'augmenter sa résistance mécanique et il participe mécaniquement à la liaison entre fermes. Il comporte deux bords longitudinaux 251 et 252 dont l'épaisseur est sensiblement égale à celle des plaques tubulaires de sorte que ces deux bords sont posés sur, les deux supports 2. et 2. et bloqués dans ceux-ci par les deux couvre-joints 41, 42 de la même façon que les plaques tubulaires. Le fond du cheneau 24 est composé de deux parois qui divergent l'une par rapport à l'autre symétriquement de part et d'autre du plan de jonction JJ' en faisant un angle o qui correspond à l'angle d'inclinaison des deux portiques et ce fond est posé sur le dessus des deux portiques. On a décrit ci-dessus un bâtiment dont la couverture et les bardages latéraux sont composés en totalité ou en partie de plaques tubulaires transparentes. Il est précisé que l'on peut également construire les pignons du bâtiment au moyen de plaques tubulaires transparentes posées sur une ossature constituée par les mêmes profilés que ceux qui servent de supports longitudinaux. Les mêmes profilés peuvent être utilisés également pour construire les encadrements d'ouverture. La figure 6 est une coupe transversale partielle d'un autre mode de réalisation. Les plaques transparentes 3 dont les bords longitudinaux sont semi-encastrês dans les supports longitudinaux 2 participent structurellement à la résistance mécanique du bâtiment par un effet de coque.Figure 5 is a cross section of the junction between two naves of a building with several adjoining naves, for example of a multi-span greenhouse. We see in this figure a post 22 which is at the junction of the two naves and which serves as a common support for two gantries 23 1 and 23 2 . We also see two longitudinal supports 4 1 and 4 2 which are placed on top of the two gantries, symmetrically with respect to the junction plane JJ 'of the two naves. FIG. 5 also represents a channel 24 which collects and discharges the water falling from the roofs. This channel is a profile in transparent or translucent resin, for example in polyester resin. Preferably, it is reinforced with glass fibers in order to increase its mechanical strength and it participates mechanically in the connection between trusses. It has two longitudinal edges 25 1 and 25 2 whose thickness is substantially equal to that of the tubular plates so that these two edges are placed on the two supports 2. and 2. and locked in these by the two covers. -joints 4 1 , 4 2 in the same way as the tubular plates. The bottom of the channel 24 is composed of two walls which diverge one from the other symmetrically on either side of the junction plane JJ 'by making an angle o which corresponds to the angle of inclination of the two gantries and this bottom is placed on top of the two gantries. A building has been described above, the covering and lateral cladding of which are made wholly or in part of transparent tubular plates. It is specified that one can also construct the gables of the building by means of transparent tubular plates posed on a framework constituted by the same profiles as those which serve as longitudinal supports. The same profiles can also be used to build the opening frames. Figure 6 is a partial cross section of another embodiment. The transparent plates 3, the longitudinal edges of which are semi-recessed in the longitudinal supports 2 participate structurally in the mechanical strength of the building by a hull effect.
Pour augmenter cet effet de coque et pour accroître la résistance de la couverture et des bardages latéraux ou en pignon à la poussée du vent ou au poids de la neige, on pose les plaques 3 suivant une surface en dent de scie ou en accordéon représentée sur la figure 6. Pour cela on utilise deux types de profilés 2a, 2b de hauteur différente dont les ailes 10 sont légèrement inclinées vers le haut pour les profilés les plus courts 2a et vers le bas pour les profilés les plus hauts 2b et on fait alterner les profilés de chaque type. On obtient finalement une surface en forme de dièdres successifs dans laquelle chaque plaque 3 constitue une facette d'un dièdre et cette surface nervurée forme une coque qui participe à la résistance de la structure et qui est plus rigide qu'une surface plane. Les profilés les plus hauts 2b peuvent être remplacés par des profilés de même hauteur que les autres profilés 2a,placés, sur une cale. To increase this hull effect and to increase the resistance of the roofing and lateral or gable cladding to the thrust of the wind or to the weight of the snow, the plates 3 are placed according to a sawtooth or accordion surface shown on Figure 6. For this we use two types of sections 2a, 2b of different height whose wings 10 are slightly inclined upwards for the shortest sections 2a and downwards for the tallest sections 2b and we alternate profiles of each type. A surface in the form of successive dihedrons is finally obtained in which each plate 3 constitutes a facet of a dihedron and this ribbed surface forms a shell which contributes to the resistance of the structure and which is more rigid than a flat surface. The tallest sections 2b can be replaced by sections of the same height as the other sections 2a, placed on a block.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé de construction de bâtiments utilitaires légers et lumineux du type comportant une structure porteuse composée de portiques transversaux reliés entre eux par des entretoises longitudinales, une couverture étanche et des bardages latéraux, caractérisé en ce que l'on construit une structure porteuse composée de portiques en profilés transparents ou translucides qui sont reliés entre eux par des profilés longitudinaux transparents ou translucides qui sont fixés contre les faces externes desdits portiques et qui s'étendent sans interruption apparente sur toute la longueur du bâtiment, et on construit la couverture et le bardage en posant entre chaque paire de profilés longitudinaux une plaque tubulaire transparente ou translucide s 'étendant sur toute la longueur du bâtiment et on fixe lesdites plaques auxdits profilés longitudinaux. CLAIMS 1. A method of constructing light and light utility buildings of the type comprising a load-bearing structure composed of transverse gantries connected together by longitudinal struts, a waterproof cover and side cladding, characterized in that a load-bearing structure is constructed gantries in transparent or translucent profiles which are interconnected by transparent or translucent longitudinal profiles which are fixed against the external faces of said gantries and which extend without apparent interruption over the entire length of the building, and the cover and the cladding by placing between each pair of longitudinal profiles a transparent or translucent tubular plate extending over the entire length of the building and said plates are fixed to said longitudinal profiles.
2. Bâtiteent utilitaire léger et lumineux, notamment serre, du type comportant une structure porteuse composée de portiques et d'entretoises, une couverture étanche et des bardages latéraux, caractérisé en ce que les portiques sont composés de profilés transparents ou translucides et sont reliés entre eux par des supports longitudinaux, composés de profilés transparents ou translucides, lesquels supports sont fixés sur le dessus et sur les faces externes desdits portiques, et s'étendent sans discontinuité apparente sur toute la longueur de la serre et la couverture et les bardages latéraux sont composés, en totalité ou en partie, de plaques tubulaires transparentes ou translucides, qui sont posées entre chaque paire de supports longitudinaux et qui s'étendent sur toute la longueur du bâtiment et qui sont fixées auxdits supports longitudinaux par des moyens de fixation transparents.2. Light and light utility building, in particular a greenhouse, of the type comprising a load-bearing structure composed of gantries and spacers, a waterproof cover and side cladding, characterized in that the gantries are composed of transparent or translucent profiles and are connected between them by longitudinal supports, composed of transparent or translucent profiles, which supports are fixed on the top and on the external faces of said gantries, and extend without apparent discontinuity over the entire length of the greenhouse and the covering and the lateral cladding are composed, in whole or in part, of transparent or translucent tubular plates, which are placed between each pair of longitudinal supports and which extend over the entire length of the building and which are fixed to said longitudinal supports by transparent fixing means.
3. Bâtiment selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits supports longitudinaux sont constitués par des profilés qui comportent, à leur partie supérieure, une goulotte en forme de U ouverte vers le haut et les plaques tubulaires sont fixées aux profilés par des couvre-joints qui sont constitués par des profilés transparents ou translucides qui comportent deux ailes verticales qui sont engagées de force, par déformation élastique, à l'intérieur de ladite goulotte et deux ailes latérales qui recouvrent les bords de deux plaques tubulaires et qui sont appliquées de façon étanche contre celles-ci par déformation élastique. 3. Building according to claim 2, characterized in that said longitudinal supports are constituted by profiles which comprise, at their upper part, a U-shaped trough open upwards and the tubular plates are fixed to the profiles by covers seals which consist of transparent or translucent profiles which have two vertical wings which are forcibly engaged, by elastic deformation, inside said chute and two lateral wings which cover the edges of two tubular plates and which are applied in a manner waterproof against them by elastic deformation.
4. Bâtiment selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les deux parois latérales de ladite goulotte et les ailes verticales desdits couvre-joints comportent chacune respectivement une nervure et une rainure qui s'engagent l'une dans l'autre lorsque le couvre-joint est engagé de force dans ladite goulotte.4. Building according to claim 3, characterized in that the two side walls of said chute and the vertical wings of said joint covers each have respectively a rib and a groove which engage one another when the cover joint is forcibly engaged in said chute.
5. Bâtiment selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les profilés qui constituent lesdits supports longitudinaux comportent, de part et d'autre de ladite goulotte ouverte, deux ailes latérales horizontales sur lesquelles les bords longitudinaux de deux plaques tubulaires prennent appui.5. Building according to claim 3, characterized in that the sections which constitute said longitudinal supports comprise, on either side of said open chute, two horizontal lateral wings on which the longitudinal edges of two tubular plates bear.
6. Bâtiment selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits supports longitudinaux s'ont constitués par des profilés qui comportent, à la partie inférieure, une glissière dans laquelle sont engagées les têtes des boulons de fixation sur les fermes dites portiques et deux semelles latérales qui prennent appuî sur lesdits portiques.6. Building according to claim 3, characterized in that said longitudinal supports are constituted by profiles which comprise, at the bottom, a slide in which are engaged the heads of the fixing bolts on the so-called gantry trusses and two flanges lateral which take support on said gantries.
7. Bâtiment selon la revendication 6, caractérise en ce que lesdits supports longitudinaux sont constitués par des profilés qui comportent en outre un tube de section carrée situé entre ladite goulotte et ladite glissière dans laquelle on engage des bouts de tube carrés pour assembler bout à bout deux profilés.7. Building according to claim 6, characterized in that said longitudinal supports are constituted by profiles which further comprise a tube of square section located between said chute and said slide in which one engages square tube ends to assemble end to end two profiles.
8. Bâtiment selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits portiques sont composés de profilés rectilignes qui sont assemblés entre eux par des goussets, en résine transparente qui sont collés sur les profilés.8. Building according to claim 2, characterized in that said gantries are composed of rectilinear profiles which are assembled together by gussets, in transparent resin which are glued to the profiles.
9. Bâtiment selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le faîtage du bâtiment et les rives sont constitués chacun d'une plaque tubulaire cintrée, qui est dépourvue de canaux à l'endroit du cintrage et qui est maintenue cintrée êlastiquement en engageant ses deux bords longitudinaux dans deux supports longitudinaux situés dans des plans non parallèles.9. Building according to claim 2, characterized in that the ridge of the building and the banks each consist of a curved tubular plate, which is devoid of channels at the location of the bending and which is maintained bent elastically by engaging its two longitudinal edges in two longitudinal supports located in non-parallel planes.
10. Bâtiment selon la revendication 2 du type comportant plusieurs nefs juxtaposées, caractérisé en ce que la jonction entre les couvertures de deux nefs juxtaposées est réalisée au moyen d'un profilé transparent qui sert de cheneau et dont les bords longitudinaux sont repliés et sont engagés dans deux supports longitudinaux appartenant chacun à l'une des deux nefs.10. Building according to claim 2 of the type comprising several juxtaposed naves, characterized in that the junction between the covers of two juxtaposed naves is made by means of a transparent profile which serves as a channel and whose longitudinal edges are folded and are engaged in two longitudinal supports each belonging to one of the two naves.
11. Bâtiment selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des supports longitudinaux qui sont constitués alternativement par des profilés transversaux de deux hauteurs différentes ayant des ailes latérales inclinées vers le haut pour les profilés les moins hauts et vers le bas pour les profilés les plus hauts et les plaques transparentes forment une surface nervuree, à facettes en forme de dièdres, qui renforce l'effet de coque de ces plaques. 11. Building according to claim 3, characterized in that that it has longitudinal supports which are alternately constituted by transverse profiles of two different heights having lateral wings inclined upward for the lowest profiles and downward for the highest profiles and the transparent plates form a surface ribbed, with facets in the form of dihedrons, which reinforces the hull effect of these plates.
PCT/FR1985/000018 1984-02-07 1985-02-06 Light and luminous utilitarian buildings and construction method WO1985003408A1 (en)

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FR84/01974 1984-02-07
FR8401974A FR2559181A1 (en) 1984-02-07 1984-02-07 LIGHT AND BRIGHT UTILITY BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280924A (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-02-15 Brian See Windows and windscreens
GB2295184A (en) * 1994-11-19 1996-05-22 Jonathan Gwyn Adams Transparent glazing frame

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1016918C2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-06-21 Alcomij Bv Frame for greenhouse construction has supporting core screened by casing, core and casing being transparent, with core made from unhardened glass and casing formed by plastic covering

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2941202A1 (en) * 1979-10-11 1981-04-30 Kunststoffabrik Erich Dittrich, 2800 Bremen Greenhouse with transparent gutters - has gutters between sections with sloping roofs and supported by longitudinals and forked members
DE3140343A1 (en) * 1981-10-10 1983-12-08 Helmut G. 4630 Bochum Lobschat Supporting structure for vaulted functional buildings

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2941202A1 (en) * 1979-10-11 1981-04-30 Kunststoffabrik Erich Dittrich, 2800 Bremen Greenhouse with transparent gutters - has gutters between sections with sloping roofs and supported by longitudinals and forked members
DE3140343A1 (en) * 1981-10-10 1983-12-08 Helmut G. 4630 Bochum Lobschat Supporting structure for vaulted functional buildings

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280924A (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-02-15 Brian See Windows and windscreens
GB2280924B (en) * 1993-08-10 1997-02-26 Brian See Structural members
GB2295184A (en) * 1994-11-19 1996-05-22 Jonathan Gwyn Adams Transparent glazing frame

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