WO1985002570A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un outil approprie a un travail de coupe et/ou de façonnage et outil fabrique de preference conformement a ce procede - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un outil approprie a un travail de coupe et/ou de façonnage et outil fabrique de preference conformement a ce procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1985002570A1
WO1985002570A1 PCT/SE1984/000412 SE8400412W WO8502570A1 WO 1985002570 A1 WO1985002570 A1 WO 1985002570A1 SE 8400412 W SE8400412 W SE 8400412W WO 8502570 A1 WO8502570 A1 WO 8502570A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
powder
sintering process
subsequent
shaping
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1984/000412
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Björn Aren
Original Assignee
Aren Bjoern
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aren Bjoern filed Critical Aren Bjoern
Publication of WO1985002570A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985002570A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/24—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/40—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools shearing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware

Definitions

  • TITLE OF INVENTION A method for manufacturing a tool, suitable for cutting and/or shaping work, and a tool which has preferably been manufactured in accordance with the method.
  • the present invention relates to a method for manu ⁇ facturing a tool which is suitable for use for shearing, clipping, cutting and/or parting a workpiece for example, and which includes a functional surface operative to effect the work for which the tool is intended, and a material which forms said surface.
  • the invention also relates to a tool which is prefer ⁇ ably manufactured in accordance with the method and which can be used to shape and/or to cut a workpiece.
  • the invention can be used to advantage within a number of technical fields, of which the following are examples of the most prominent fields in the present context: extrusion; plastic moulding; compression moulding; swaging, drop-forging, stamping; pressure hardening; powder compaction; shearing, clipping; sheet-metal shaping; section, rolling; wire drawing; seamless tube drawing; section drawing.
  • ASP-steel can be produced by means of powder' metallurgical processes.
  • the two methods at present preferred for the manu ⁇ facture of shaping tools are: a) rough cutting of soft-annealed tool blanks, which are then heat treated to the desired degree of hard ⁇ ness/toughness, whereafter the tool blank is subjected to a comprehensive and expensive finishing process, primarily including a grinding and polishing process; b) pre-fabrica ion of hardened and tempered tooi blanks, which can be finalized with the aid of deep spark- machining techniques.
  • Patent Application 7803485-7 forms part of the art discussed here.
  • part of a mould corresponding to part of the root of a • turbine blade is filled with a nickel-based powdered alloy of standard particle size through a filling opening intended therefor.
  • This powder is then compacted and consolidated by vibration, to achieve uniform distribution of 70% compacted, state in the said mould part.
  • the upper part of the mould, which corresponds to the aerofoil part of the turbine blade is then filled with a powdered alloy which has previously been treated to deform the powder particles, whereafter the mould is again, vibrated to pack the metal powder into the aerofoil mould part.
  • the mould, or tube is connected to a vacuum pump and air is removed from the mould until a low pressure prevails.
  • the aforesaid filling opening is then closed with the aid of a conical ceramic plug or like stopper, so as to seal-off the mould, and the mould is placed in an autoclave for isostatic hot pressing of the powder.
  • the Swedish Patent Specification No. 146 531 describes a method and apparatus for producing composite sintered bodies having sections of mutually different properties.
  • a mould is provided with partitions which divide the mould, at right angles to the powder entering the mould or tube, into chambers having a form which corresponds to the desired form of the aforesaid composite body sections.
  • These chambers are intended to receive quantities of powder of mutually different charac- ter, and the powder quantities in respective chambers are compressed and sintered into fusion with one another.
  • the partitioning walls are made of a material such that the walls remain in place during the initial stage of the process, but melt away or otherwise disappear during the sintering process.
  • OMPI Another qualified problem is one of creating condi ⁇ tions such that the shaping tool also obtains, an improved function in relation to earlier known, techniques.
  • One qualified technical problem in connection with the manufacturing of hardened shaping tools is that of creating conditions which reduce subsequent treatment of the tools to a minimum.
  • an advantage can be obtained when the operative or functional surface of the tool exhibits completely different material characteristics and properties to the remainder of the tool, or its bulk parts. It has been found unsatisfactory when using a unitary material to force a compromise between the properties of the material forming the functional surfaces and those of the bulk material.
  • a highly qualified technical problem encountered in this art is one of maintaining a tool at a set temperature, so that each tool produced has desired and repetitive properties.
  • the present invention relates to a method of manufac ⁇ turing a tool for working a material blank, for example shearing, clipping, cutting and/or parting said blank, which tool incorporates a functional surface operative to perform actual work on the workpiece and a material which forms this surface.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the steps of: a) placing in a pressure sintering chamber a compressible, enlarged model having a form which exhibits a surface corresponding to, or substantially corresponding to, the functional working surface of the tool; b) applying to said model a powder which will sinter under pressure thereby to form the body of the tool; c) pressure sintering the powder to form said tool; d) removing subsequent hereto the model, which has been compressed during the sintering process; and e) optionally heat treating the tool in a manner to impart desired properties to the material thereof, for example hardening the material.
  • the outer surface layer of the functional surface can be produced by applying to the model a powder, which is particularly adapted for said outer surface layer and applying * onto, said powder in a second layer a powder particularly adapted to the bulk of the tool. It has been found that particularly advantageous results are obtained when the powder forming the interface or boundary layer between the enlarged model and the tool body comprises a material which, during the sintering process, will not adhere to one or both of the surfaces forming the interfaces or boundary layers or which can be removed after sintering.
  • the enlarged model is formed with the aid of a powdered material, preferably a loose, pre-compacted and/or pre- sintered powder.
  • a temperature regulating coil or like device is posi- tioned in the proximity of said surface prior to said sintering process, and that the coil or like means is suitably formed by placing a wire or tubular element in the powdered mass prior to sintering the powder, and removed therefrom after sintering, e.g. by leaching.
  • the invention also relates to a tool which is prefer ⁇ ably manufactured in accordance with the method and which includes a functional surface for effecting the actual work for which the tool is intended and a material forming said surface, and the tool of which body comprises pressure sintered powdered material.
  • the aforesaid tool surface is a cavitated. surface and/or the surface material thereof has properties which are different to the properties exhibited by the material in the remainder of the tool.
  • the invention also relates to a tool having a functional surf ce for effecting the actual work for which the tool is intended in which there is incorporated in the tool body one or more inserts which comprise a material which can be readily worked or machined after the pressure sintering process and after the optional heat treatment process.
  • a tool which presents in, or in the proximity of, said functional surface a spiral channel, loop or like passage, preferably a cooling coil or loop, which is preferably formed by inserting a wire or tubular element into the powder mass forming the tool and removing said element, either totally or partially, subsequent to said pressure sintering process.
  • a layer of highly wear resistant material for example a layer of stellite- owder.
  • the temperature regulating coil configuration can be placed in the vicinity of the aforesaid surface, preferably in the bulk material, prior to said sintering process. It is also proposed that a low-alloy powder capable of being machined or worked after the sintering process is incorporated in the bulk material.
  • the model Upon termination of the sintering process the model is removed and the thus exposed surface can, if required, be further worked, for example hardened or spark-machined, to form the surface precisely as desired.
  • cavity formers Prior to sintering, cavity formers may be introduced into the powder mass so as to form cavities, voids, and channels in given locations in the finished tool.
  • a method and a tool according to the present invention reside in the fact that subsequent to manufacturing the shaping tool no subsequent finishing work is required thereon, or only a limited amount of such finishing work, for example such work as face grinding and calibration and possibly deep spark-machining for surface smoothing purposes.
  • the tool can be produced so that the shaping surface has properties particularly suitable to the surface material while the bulk material has properties particularly suitable therefor.
  • the method of manufacturing the shaping tool also enables temperature control loops or like passage configu- rations to be readily incorporated therein, while the bulk tool material can have incorporated therein different materials capable of being worked with the aid of plasti ⁇ cally shaping or chip-cutting working methods, subsequent to hardening the tool, such as cutting screwthreads for example.
  • Figure 1 is a side view taken in section of a prior art shaping tool
  • Figure 2 is a side view taken in section of a shaping tool constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • Figures 3-7 illustrate the procedural sequences when carrying out a method for * manufacturing a shaping tool according to thepresent invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a- side view taken in- section of a shaping tool of known construction.
  • the illustrated shaping tool 1 comprises a workpiece shaping surface 2 and bulk material 3 forming said surface.
  • Figure 1 the surface 2 and also the bulk material 3 comprise one and the same material structure.
  • the reference 4 identifies a discrete coating, for example stellite, which is welded to the surface 2 and intended to increase the wear resistance of said surface in connection with the coating 4.
  • the bulk material 3 has two clamping shoulders 5, 5' formed therein. Each clamping shoulder co-acts with a clamping bolt 6 1 and 6" having associated nuts 6 and a clamp fitting 7. Also provided is the requisite support block 8.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a shaping tool manufactured in accordance with the invention, this tool comprising a surface 2 which is functional in effecting the actual shaping work, and a bulk material 3 supporting the material of said surface.
  • the material 10 forming the surface 2 is selected from a material exhibiting good wear resistance, high compression strength and/or high heat resistance.
  • the bulk material 3 on the other hand, is chosen for its toughness, good compression strength and/or low price. It should be noted that the interface 9 between the material 10 of the surface 2 and the bulk material 3 is formed by an atomic or diffusion bond.
  • the material 10 orming the sur ace 2 comprises a highly strong, hard and/or heat durable, and/or. wear resistant tool steel, while the bulk material.3 comprises a hardened tool steel of tough structure.
  • steel zones 11 which can be plastically shaped or cut to form screw ⁇ threads 12, even subsequent to hardening the tool 1. It will be understood that other machining operations than screw-thread forming operations can be carried out if desired.
  • Located in the vicinity of the surface 2 is one or more temperature control channels 13 through which a heating or cooling medium is passed.
  • the channels 13 are formed in the bulk material 3. It will be understood that such temperature control can also be effected by incorporated electrically insula ⁇ ted heating loops directly in the material.
  • the shaping tool comprises a functional surface 2 operative to effect the actual shaping work and bulk material 3 which supports the material forming the surface 2.
  • the shaping tool is manufactured by: a) placing in a pressure sintering chamber or vessel 15,16, a compressible enlarged model 14 exhibiting a shape having a surface 14' and 14" corresponding to or substantially corresponding to the functional working surface of the tool; b) applying to the model 14 a suitable pressure sintering powder 10' to form the surface 10 of the tool and a powder 3" to form the bulk material of the tool.
  • a suitable pressure sintering powder 10' to form the surface 10 of the tool
  • a powder 3" to form the bulk material of the tool.
  • the surface layer of the surface 2' is produced by applying to the model a powder 10' which is particularly adapted for said surface layer.
  • This powder may be an iron-base alloy, nickel-base alloy, chromium-base alloy or the like. Against this powder there is applied a powder particularly adapted for the bulk of the tool in a further layer 3' .
  • the boundary layer 2' between the enlarged model 14 and the powder 10' forming the tool body comprises a material which, during the sintering process, will not fuse or bind together against a surface or the surfaces forming the boundary layer or permit themselves to be removed after sintering.
  • the enlarged model is formed with the aid of a powder preferably comprising a loose, pre- compacted and/or pre-sintered oowder.
  • a temperature control loop or coil 13 is positioned in the vicinity of the surface prior to the pressure sintering process and that the coil is formed by a wire or tubular element shaped to provide one or more loops, and that the wire or tubular element is removed subsequent to the sintering process. This removal can be effected by leaching for .example.
  • Figure 5 also indicates the incorporation in the bulk material 3' of a low-alloy powder which is capable of being worked or machined subsequent to a pressure sintering and hardening process, this low-alloy powder being refe ⁇ renced 11'.
  • the pressure sintering process is effected in accordance with the principles of thermo- isostatic pressure sintering or powder compaction with thin-wall vessels. It is also proposed that the porosity of the various powders is the same or substantially the same. Thus, the powder of the Figure 5 embodiment will be compressed to the form illustrated in Figure 6.
  • the linear change in length occurring in conjunction with the afore ⁇ said compaction may be between 5 and 20 %, normally about 12-14%.
  • the model 14 Upon completion of the pressure sintering process the model 14 is removed and the thus exposed surface 2 may be subjected to a subsequent working or machining process, for example a deep spark machining process.
  • powder sections 11' may be replaced with cores or like elements.
  • cavity formers effective to form cavities, voids and channels may also be incorporated.
  • Material parts having mutually diffe ⁇ rent properties may also be incorporated in predetermined sites in the final tool.
  • Figure 7 illustrates subsequent working of the surface 2 and the formation of a screwthread 12 in the powder section 11 , this screwthread being intended to co-operate with a bolt to hold the tool in a shaping tool machine.
  • powder compaction it is advantageous that the powder materials and the model have the same or substantially the same porosity.
  • the surface layer 2 may comprise a wear resistant strong and/or heat durable steel, some other heat durable metal, ceramic and the like.
  • the surface material 10 and the bulk material 3 may, in accordance with the invention,be selected so that the materials are optimized in relation to their function independently of one another. The condition that they can be bonded to one another must, of course, be fulfilled. This bond can also be effected with the aid of a special bonding alloy introduced between the different materials.
  • the invention also includes a product produced by a shaping tool of the aforementioned kind and/or produced in a shaping tool manufactured in accordance with the afore- described method.
  • this chamber may have the form of a vessel, a capsule or container.
  • the invention is not restricted to the aforedescribed embodiment and modifications can be made within the scope of the following claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

Outil possédant une surface de travail (2) et un matériau en vrac (3) soutenant la surface. Le matériau de surface est choisi de manière à présenter une forte résistance à la pression et/ou une forte résistance à la chaleur, alors que le matériau en vrac est choisi pour faire preuve de solidité et de dureté. La liaison entre le matériau de surface et le matériau en vrac est métallurgique. Le procédé de fabrication de cet outil comporte l'emboutissage et le frittage simultanés de poudre dans des matrices ou modèles élargis compressibles.
PCT/SE1984/000412 1983-12-06 1984-12-04 Procede de fabrication d'un outil approprie a un travail de coupe et/ou de façonnage et outil fabrique de preference conformement a ce procede WO1985002570A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8306717A SE8306717L (sv) 1983-12-06 1983-12-06 Sett att framstella ett for bearbetning, exempelvis formande och/eller skerande bearbetning, av ett materiel avsett verktyg samt ett, foretredesvis medelst settet framstellt, verktyg
SE8306717-3 1983-12-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985002570A1 true WO1985002570A1 (fr) 1985-06-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1984/000412 WO1985002570A1 (fr) 1983-12-06 1984-12-04 Procede de fabrication d'un outil approprie a un travail de coupe et/ou de façonnage et outil fabrique de preference conformement a ce procede

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0163718A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE8306717L (fr)
WO (1) WO1985002570A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991019583A1 (fr) * 1990-06-11 1991-12-26 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Procede de fabrication de produits composes
EP0667217A1 (fr) * 1994-02-09 1995-08-16 Widia GmbH Outil de coupe rotatif
WO1998013159A1 (fr) * 1996-09-24 1998-04-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Procede pour fabriquer des trepans
WO2000013861A1 (fr) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-16 Tristano Ciani Outil circulaire pour la decoupe de rouleaux de papier et autres
CN103264269A (zh) * 2013-06-13 2013-08-28 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 长窄类复合材料成型零件组合模具的加工方法
CN105945523A (zh) * 2016-06-14 2016-09-21 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 复杂型面的热拉伸模加工方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE929649C (de) * 1944-01-18 1955-06-30 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Werkzeug zum Pressen von Koerpern komplizierter Formen aus Pulvern
DE2262428A1 (de) * 1971-12-28 1973-07-12 Norton Co Verfahren zum heisspressen und hierfuer geeignete form
FR2348775A1 (fr) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-18 Powdrex Ltd Procede de production d'un objet metallique presentant au moins un canal helicoidal interieur
DE2722271A1 (de) * 1977-05-17 1978-11-23 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von werkzeugen durch verbundsinterung
JPS5447806A (en) * 1977-09-21 1979-04-14 Kobe Steel Ltd Powder molding method with hot hydrostatic pressure
JPS56130405A (en) * 1980-03-17 1981-10-13 Kobe Steel Ltd Formation by hot hydrostatic press
DE3037672A1 (de) * 1980-10-04 1982-05-19 W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur herstellung von formkoerpern aus chrom und chrom-formkoerpern mit durchgehenden kanaelen
SE426662B (sv) * 1980-02-01 1983-02-07 Uddeholms Ab Sintrat och infiltrerat foremal med inre kanaler och sett att framstella detta

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE929649C (de) * 1944-01-18 1955-06-30 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Werkzeug zum Pressen von Koerpern komplizierter Formen aus Pulvern
DE2262428A1 (de) * 1971-12-28 1973-07-12 Norton Co Verfahren zum heisspressen und hierfuer geeignete form
FR2348775A1 (fr) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-18 Powdrex Ltd Procede de production d'un objet metallique presentant au moins un canal helicoidal interieur
DE2722271A1 (de) * 1977-05-17 1978-11-23 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von werkzeugen durch verbundsinterung
JPS5447806A (en) * 1977-09-21 1979-04-14 Kobe Steel Ltd Powder molding method with hot hydrostatic pressure
SE426662B (sv) * 1980-02-01 1983-02-07 Uddeholms Ab Sintrat och infiltrerat foremal med inre kanaler och sett att framstella detta
JPS56130405A (en) * 1980-03-17 1981-10-13 Kobe Steel Ltd Formation by hot hydrostatic press
DE3037672A1 (de) * 1980-10-04 1982-05-19 W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur herstellung von formkoerpern aus chrom und chrom-formkoerpern mit durchgehenden kanaelen

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991019583A1 (fr) * 1990-06-11 1991-12-26 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Procede de fabrication de produits composes
EP0667217A1 (fr) * 1994-02-09 1995-08-16 Widia GmbH Outil de coupe rotatif
WO1998013159A1 (fr) * 1996-09-24 1998-04-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Procede pour fabriquer des trepans
US6073518A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-06-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Bit manufacturing method
US6089123A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-07-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Structure for use in drilling a subterranean formation
WO2000013861A1 (fr) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-16 Tristano Ciani Outil circulaire pour la decoupe de rouleaux de papier et autres
CN103264269A (zh) * 2013-06-13 2013-08-28 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 长窄类复合材料成型零件组合模具的加工方法
CN103264269B (zh) * 2013-06-13 2015-10-28 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 长窄类复合材料成型零件组合模具的加工方法
CN105945523A (zh) * 2016-06-14 2016-09-21 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 复杂型面的热拉伸模加工方法
CN105945523B (zh) * 2016-06-14 2018-08-21 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 复杂型面的热拉伸模加工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8306717D0 (sv) 1983-12-06
SE8306717L (sv) 1985-06-07
EP0163718A1 (fr) 1985-12-11

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