WO1984000998A1 - Revetement catalytique conçu pour produire directement de la chaleur sur la surface d'un dome de chaleur - Google Patents

Revetement catalytique conçu pour produire directement de la chaleur sur la surface d'un dome de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984000998A1
WO1984000998A1 PCT/US1982/001201 US8201201W WO8400998A1 WO 1984000998 A1 WO1984000998 A1 WO 1984000998A1 US 8201201 W US8201201 W US 8201201W WO 8400998 A1 WO8400998 A1 WO 8400998A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
dome
engine
working fluid
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1982/001201
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John L Hoke
Theodore W Sudia
Original Assignee
Us Commerce
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Us Commerce filed Critical Us Commerce
Priority to PCT/US1982/001201 priority Critical patent/WO1984000998A1/fr
Priority to JP57503000A priority patent/JPS59501518A/ja
Priority to EP19820902951 priority patent/EP0118430A4/fr
Priority to BR8208091A priority patent/BR8208091A/pt
Publication of WO1984000998A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984000998A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B51/00—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
    • F02B51/02—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines involving catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/10—Heat inputs by burners
    • F02G2254/11—Catalytic burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/06—Reflective properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention disclosed herein is the improved utili ⁇ zation of catalytic materials suitable for use as the flameless heat source for powering an external-combustion engine or for transferring heat to any working fluid.
  • a catalytic material is used with a combustible fuel to provide for its com ⁇ bustion thereat and the catalytic material is in contact with a metallic surface which separates it from the working fluid which is to be heated.
  • Two screens support the material having a catalyst thereon in the Hunt inven ⁇ tion so that it contacts a metal case 4 which case in turn
  • the Pangborn reference discloses the catalytic material in the form of a substrate liner or sleeve less than 1 mil thick (see column 5, lines 1-44). This thin sleeve con ⁇ tacts the metal chamber walls which walls are in direct contact with the fluid to be heated. This three layer system would thus have the catalytic material next to the metal wall which is, in turn, next to the working fluid to be heated.
  • the invention disclosed and claimed herein relates to the use of a catalytic material bonded directly on a surface to provide for a target zone which could be the heat dome of an external combustion engine.
  • a target zone which could be the heat dome of an external combustion engine.
  • flameless combustion takes place as a com ⁇ bustible fuel is introduced.
  • the produced heat is transferred to a working fluid on the opposite of the surface from the target zone.
  • This heated working fluid can then be used to do mechanical work which in turn can produce electricity.
  • the working fluid may be the desired end product itself such as the hot water in a hot water heater * or steam engine.
  • the primary object of this invention is to provide for the bonding of a catalytic material directly on a heat dome surface which is in contact with a working fluid.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of one use for one embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the preferred embodiment for the engine head embodying our invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the engine head taken along lines X-X of FIG. 1 as it would appear when in an operative mode.
  • FIG. 4 is an alternate embodiment of the FIG. 1 engine which could be used with our invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken along lines Y-Y of FIG ' . 4.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates still another embodiment of our invention in which hot water or steam is produced.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a conventional external combustion engine 1 in which a confined working fluid 3, such as air, is heated to do mechanical work.
  • a confined working fluid 3 such as air
  • the fluid goes through cyclical expansion and contraction phases to drive a piston 5 such as it would in an Ericsson engine.
  • a piston 5 such as it would in an Ericsson engine.
  • OY.PI ⁇ NA ⁇ efficiency is the accomplishment of the heat transfer from the heat source or heat dome to the internal working fluid with as few losses as possible, i.e., the conversion of the highest possible percentile of heat energy of com ⁇ bustion into mechanical work for the highest thermal efficiency of the engine. Flame plasmas usually result in much of the heat energy being exhausted with the com ⁇ bustion by-products. To avoid this consequence, we have decided to look at the highly efficient flameless com ⁇ bustion produced with catalytic materials. To improve this high thermal efficiency, we have bonded a catalytic material 7 directly on the outer surface 9 which forms the engine's heat dome or head.
  • the catalyst is not bonded to or integrated with a material which is in turn in contact with the heat dome, but rather, it is bonded directly on the heat dome's surface. This insures the high heat transfer and thermal efficiency we seek with an almost infinite number of shapes and sizes for the heat dome.
  • an inlet conduit 11 in which a gaseous stoichiometric fuel/air mixture enters until it reaches combustion chamber 13.
  • a gaseous stoichiometric fuel/air mixture enters until it reaches combustion chamber 13.
  • any type of combustible vapor-state fuel could be used, "such as propane gas, natural gas, methane, etc., as long as it is properly mixed with air in right pro ⁇ portions and quantities.
  • the fuel is initially ignited. This may initially occur by self- ignited combustion, due to interaction with the catalyst (as would be the case with hydrogen) or an electric igniter 15 may be used to send a spark therefrom across the chamber to the surface 9.
  • a piezoelectric crystal (not shown) may be manually actuated to obtain the spark.
  • Appropriate flash back protection may be provided by protector 17 as well as within fuel feeder 19. Once such preignited fuel has elevated the temperature of the catalized surface sufficiently to support surface com ⁇ bustion, it will continue burning on the catalytic sur ⁇ face 7 as long as the fuel continues to be properly supplied in the right stoichiometric mixture to support the combustion. If existing flames do not self-extinguish, they may be blown out by external means, or the fuel-air mix arrested briefly to effect extinguishment of the latent flames. Our supply of fuel-aix mix, combustion continues upon the catalytically-treated surface, now at the proper temperature level to sustain the combustion.
  • a reciprocating displacer slug 21 having an elongated displacer rod 23 attached to it.
  • This rod extends through a gland in the reciprocating piston 5 located at the rear end of the cylinder.
  • the rod extend ⁇ ing through -the piston is connected to appropriate linkages, etc. to effect the necessary mechanical movement of the displacer.
  • This movement can be effected by a rotating shaft which itself is driven by the power piston 5 which is in turn connected to an electric generator.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the FIG. 1 cylinder 9, by itself, used to show more of its detail.
  • the front end of the cylinder has had cut into it a series of longitudinal, generally parallel, evenly-separated fins 29 which encircle the cylinder (when viewed from the front end) and run part way back.
  • This particular geometric configuration was chosen to provide a greater surface area, than a smooth cylinder surface, on which to bond the catalytic material which forms the target heat zone.
  • the fins 29 are milled into the cylinder 9 at its forward closed end. They thus are part of the cylinder, and function to support the catalytic material 7 bonded directly to it on the outside, and to confine the working fluid and movable displacer rod inside, as well as the drive piston that functions within the opposite open end of the cylinder,
  • the empty space 31 between the separate fins and between the outer ends of the fins and the adjacent chamber wall 33, allow fuel-air movement between and around these fins, to support combustion and to permit exhaust to escape from the combustion chamber 13 as shown by the direction of the arrows.
  • the cylinder/heat dome head was made from stainless steel. This material would insure the desirable feature of a very high rate of heat conductivity through its walls from the combustion source to the confined working fluid, which in this example was air. Other candidate materials can be utilized as well, and so no limitation is implied by the use of stainless steel in the embodiment.
  • the displacer slug 21 was made of aluminum and moved in pre ⁇ determined mechanical phase with the rear piston and connecting rod 27. The letters A to B and C to D indicate the approximate stroke limits for the displacer and piston, respectively.
  • Mirrored reflection of radiant heat associated with this described burner embodiment can be controlled by the location of reflective surfaces on the inner walls of shroud 33.
  • FIG. 4 alternate embodiment is somewhat s ' imilar to the FIG. 1 embodiment. Elements performing the same function have been given the same number and primed. The essential differences between these two embodiments relate to the geometry of the front end of cylinder 9' and the placement of the bonded catalyst 7'; the use of an internal burner 35, and the location of combustion exhaust port 37. The configuration of the cylinder's front end can best be shown in the sectional view of FIG. 5.
  • the catalytic material 7' is bonded to the internal surface of frusto-pyramid shaped projections 39 and also the smooth surface 41. Complementary shaped projections 43 face towards the surfaces 39 and are separated by a small space therefrom.
  • the shaped projections 43 resemble a female "spline", whose purpose, working within the contained working fluid of the engine, is to effect the complete transfer of working fluid from the chamber formed by the adjacent wall 41.
  • the "spline” 43 is an extension added to the nearest face of the displacer piston 21' , or can be directly milled from bar stock such as to render a single assembly of displacer piston 21' and the spine fins 43.
  • the recipro ⁇ cal advancing and withdrawings of the combined displacer piston and splined fin assembly assure the complete transfer of the surrounding engine working fluid from the two extremes of adjacency with the walls of heat exchange surface 41, to relocation to the rear of cylinder 9* that exists between the rear of the displacer piston 21' and the front face of the drive piston 5' . Variations in this means of creating added
  • OMFI * surf ce area on the "outer”, catalytically-treated heat transfer wall 41 are also envisioned; in the case of each such variation, the complimentary displacer interface function being designed to effect the same close-fitting relationship with the adjacent inner wall of 41, so as to always effect a minimum of "dead space” wherein working fluid might remain unaffected by the cyclical transfer function of the displacer piston assembly 21' and any added structures to accomodate close interface with the adjacent surface of burner wall 41.
  • a stoichiometric mixture of fuel and air is fed into input 11' , and through firebox base 19' , and exiting in a skewed flow from the end of tube 35, such as to evenly flow through and around the catalytically- treated surfaces of the adjacent involuted heat dome 41.
  • Combustion can be initially begun by spark ignition (where self-ignition is precluded by the use of fuels requiring pre-ignition) , wherein tube 35, being electrically isolated f ⁇ o the surrounding structures, can exit a spark from its tip nearest to the wall 41.
  • spark ignition where self-ignition is precluded by the use of fuels requiring pre-ignition
  • Latent heat within the chamber formed by 9' and adjacent walls, imparts some of its heat into inflow tube 35, thus recapturing heat that would otherwise be loosed into the exhaust, through ports 37.
  • FIG. 6 is still another embodiment of ur invention in which it is applied to heat water.
  • the actual output can be hot water or steam depending on the result desired.
  • the internal burner 35' is used to combust the fuel entering via conduit 11''. Flame-
  • the output may be used to directly run a fuel powered automobile, to run an electric generator which in turn runs an electric powered automobile, or serves to recharge its batteries, while underway, or it simply may be an intermediate stage which provides a heated fluid to the next stage for some desired result.
  • our invention accomplishes the heat transfer involved with a very high thermal efficiency and with low exhaust pollu- tants . All of these variations and other variants obvious to those skilled in the heat transfer art are to be included in the scope and spirit of our invention which is to be limited only by the claims that follow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'utilisation d'un revêtement catalytique (7, 7', 7'') permet de combiner la source de chaleur avec le mécanisme de transfert de chaleur pour un fluide actif, comme celui qui est employé dans un moteur à combustion externe (1). On obtient un échange de chaleur maximal en liant directement le revêtement (7, 7', 7''), per se, avec la tête du moteur grâce à un composé d'agents catalytiques retenant directement la chaleur de combustion sur cette dernière partie. Le mode préférentiel de réalisation de la surface de la tête du moteur peut être doté d'ailettes ou alors être élargi pour permettre l'accroissement de la zone superficielle nécessaire pour le chauffage de la tête du moteur. Ce système de combustion superficielle a pour résultat un moteur à fort rendement d'utilisation de combustible et/ou une source de chaleur avec très peu de produits d'échappement polluants.
PCT/US1982/001201 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 Revetement catalytique conçu pour produire directement de la chaleur sur la surface d'un dome de chaleur WO1984000998A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1982/001201 WO1984000998A1 (fr) 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 Revetement catalytique conçu pour produire directement de la chaleur sur la surface d'un dome de chaleur
JP57503000A JPS59501518A (ja) 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 加熱ド−ム表面上に直接熱を発生する触媒被覆
EP19820902951 EP0118430A4 (fr) 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 Revetement catalytique concu pour produire directement de la chaleur sur la surface d'un dome de chaleur.
BR8208091A BR8208091A (pt) 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 Processo para transferir energia termica de uma fonte de calor para um fluido de trabalho confinado de um motor de combustao externa;motor de combustao externa

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1982/001201 WO1984000998A1 (fr) 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 Revetement catalytique conçu pour produire directement de la chaleur sur la surface d'un dome de chaleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1984000998A1 true WO1984000998A1 (fr) 1984-03-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1982/001201 WO1984000998A1 (fr) 1982-09-07 1982-09-07 Revetement catalytique conçu pour produire directement de la chaleur sur la surface d'un dome de chaleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0118430A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59501518A (fr)
BR (1) BR8208091A (fr)
WO (1) WO1984000998A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19904923A1 (de) * 1999-02-06 2000-08-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wärme- und Kältemaschine, insbesondere Vuilleumier-Wärmepumpe oder Stirling-Maschine
EP2351965A1 (fr) * 2010-01-06 2011-08-03 Precision Combustion, Inc. Appareil de brûleur catalytique pour un moteur Stirling

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871179A (en) * 1974-03-13 1975-03-18 Reginald B Bland Stirling cycle engine with catalytic regenerator
US4285665A (en) * 1978-05-08 1981-08-25 Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited Engines
US4354352A (en) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Catalytic coating to directly generate heat upon the surface of a heat dome

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2784570A (en) * 1952-03-08 1957-03-12 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas reciprocating engine for refrigerating
GB1252258A (fr) * 1968-01-19 1971-11-03
US3717993A (en) * 1970-11-02 1973-02-27 Gen Motors Corp Preheater assembly for stirling engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871179A (en) * 1974-03-13 1975-03-18 Reginald B Bland Stirling cycle engine with catalytic regenerator
US4285665A (en) * 1978-05-08 1981-08-25 Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited Engines
US4354352A (en) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Catalytic coating to directly generate heat upon the surface of a heat dome

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0118430A4 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19904923A1 (de) * 1999-02-06 2000-08-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wärme- und Kältemaschine, insbesondere Vuilleumier-Wärmepumpe oder Stirling-Maschine
US8479508B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2013-07-09 Precision Combustion, Inc. Catalytic burner apparatus for stirling engine
EP2351965A1 (fr) * 2010-01-06 2011-08-03 Precision Combustion, Inc. Appareil de brûleur catalytique pour un moteur Stirling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8208091A (pt) 1984-08-14
JPS59501518A (ja) 1984-08-23
EP0118430A4 (fr) 1985-04-11
EP0118430A1 (fr) 1984-09-19

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