WO1983003555A1 - Commutateur pour equipement electronique de sport - Google Patents

Commutateur pour equipement electronique de sport Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983003555A1
WO1983003555A1 PCT/US1983/000536 US8300536W WO8303555A1 WO 1983003555 A1 WO1983003555 A1 WO 1983003555A1 US 8300536 W US8300536 W US 8300536W WO 8303555 A1 WO8303555 A1 WO 8303555A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electronic
switch
external influence
electronic switch
circuitry
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1983/000536
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mbh. Marker-Patentverwertungsgesellschaft
Inc. Kinetronic Industries
Nicholas F. D'antonio
Ehrenfreid Andra
Lorenz Stempfhuber
Original Assignee
Marker Patentverwertungs Gmbh
Kinetronic Ind Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23447757&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1983003555(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Marker Patentverwertungs Gmbh, Kinetronic Ind Inc filed Critical Marker Patentverwertungs Gmbh
Priority to DE8383901966T priority Critical patent/DE3382362D1/de
Priority to AT83901966T priority patent/ATE65704T1/de
Priority to JP50197483A priority patent/JPS59500753A/ja
Publication of WO1983003555A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983003555A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/088—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with electronically controlled locking devices

Definitions

  • microcircuits are being employed in an increasing variety of applications.
  • Electronic circuitry is being added to consumer goods to perform functions not previously avail ⁇ able and to complement or improve existing functions.
  • An example is the use of microcircuits in sporting goods.
  • a particular example is the use of electronic signal eval- uation, decision-making and release command circuitry in a safety ski binding.
  • Such an electronic safety ski binding is described in U.S. Patent 4,291,894.
  • the elec ⁇ tronic safety ski binding described there includes a mechanical portion which, in its locked condition, grasps a skier's boot and, in its released condition, permits the ski boot to be separated from the binding.
  • the re ⁇ leased condition is ideally achieved during skiing when skiing forces threaten the safety or well-being of the skier.
  • the function of the mechanical portion of the safety ski binding is complemented, as described in the cited patent, by electronic circuitry which senses the skiing forcies, continuously evaluates them to determine if the skier is endangered and commands the mechanical • portion of the binding to release, i.e. to switch from its locked to released condition, when a situation dan ⁇ gerous to the skier is encountered.
  • Another example of an application of electronic circuitry in sporting goods is in underwater diving equipment. There, the harshness of the environment and the necessity of isolating the circuitry from that environment is obvious. Before sporting goods incorporating electronic circuitry may be used, the circuitry must be actuated or turned "on".
  • an electrical switch which incorporates an electronic switch.
  • the electronic switch connects or disconnects the power supply arid electronic circuitry. Since the switch incor ⁇ porates electronics which must be constantly prepared to turn the electronic circuitry "on”, some electrical power is continuously consumed by it. However, by constructing the inventive switch from conventional CMOS circuits, its power consumption is negligible.
  • the electronic switch is actuated by electronic switch control means which is responsive to an external influence.
  • the control means may be oscillator-based so that an external influence, such as pressure, will change the tuning of the oscillator or of a filter receiving the output signal of the oscillator.
  • the resultant frequency shift appears as a changed signal level at the filter output which activates or deactivates the electronic switch.
  • Another embodiment of a switch according to the invention includes, as an electronic switch control means, a piezoelectric crystal which generates a voltage 5 in response to a mechanical shock. The shock-generated voltage causes the electronic switch to turn on the elec ⁇ tronic circuitry.
  • Still another embodiment of the inven ⁇ tive switch includes an inverter and a resistor network as a control means. A change in the input impedance of 10 the inverter brought about by a change in an external in ⁇ fluence causes the output signal of the inverter to change states, thereby directing the electronic switch to assume its "on" or "off” position.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic, block diagram of an embodiment of a switch according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows response curves as a function of 20. frequency for high and low pass filters.
  • Figure 4 depicts' in cross section a capacitor, both free of «and under the influence of pressure, which forms a part of a control means according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross sectional view of a ski boot gripped by a ski binding including embodiments of the inventive switch.
  • Figure 6 presents schematic diagrams of cir ⁇ cuitry for inclusion in a control means according to em- 0 bodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a switch according to the invention.
  • OMP Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodi ⁇ ment of a switch according to the invention incorporating a piezoelectric device.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a switch according to the invention incorporating an inverter.
  • an electrical switch that incorporates stationary parts, i.e., does not incor- porate moveable parts, is provided for electronic sports equipment.
  • the switch is actuated by various external influences which may involve relative movements of ob ⁇ jects.
  • the inventive switch itself does not incorporate any moveable parts, i.e., parts which pivot or otherwise cause the mechanical closing of electrical contacts.
  • stationary parts includes de- formable parts, i.e., parts which may change in dimension in response to the application of pressure to them, but which do not mechanically close or open electrical con- tacts as a result of the deformation.
  • the switch according to the present invention includes only stationary parts and is free of the difficulties exper ⁇ ienced in using, in harsh sports equipment environment, switches which incorporate moveable parts.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic block diagram of the functioning of the switch according to the invention is depicted.
  • a power supply 1 supplies power to operate electronic circuitry 3 found in sports equipment.
  • Be- tween power supply 1 and circuitry 3 is interposed an electrical switch 5, shown within the broken lines, com ⁇ prised of an electronic switch 7 connected directly be ⁇ tween supply 1 and circuitry 3.
  • Electronic switch 7 is
  • Electronic switch 7 is a conventional elec ⁇ tronic switch, such as a transistor, which functions as a 5 closed or open switch between its two switched terminals depending upon the state of a signal presented at its con trol terminal.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment of the switch of Fig. is shown in which the control means incorporates an oscil 10 lator and filter.
  • a power supply 11 is connected through an electronic switch 13 to power electronic circuitry 15.
  • Power supply 11 is also connected to an oscillator 17, the output signal of which is supplied to a filter 19.
  • the output signal of filter 19 is in turn applied through 15 an optional.latch means 21 to the control terminal of elec ⁇ tronic switch 13 to control the state, i.e., closed or open, of electronic switch 13.
  • An environmentally vari- . able impedance means 23 is incorporated into either oscil ⁇ lator 17 or filter 19 for changing the value of an imped- 20 ance in response to an external influence.
  • the impedance change causes the frequency of oscillator 17 to shift or the frequency response characteristic of filter 19 to shift.
  • Ignoring latch means 21 for the moment, this shifting, if of sufficient magnitude, causes the state of 25 . the signal at the control terminal of electronic switch 13 to change, opening or closing electronic switch 13.
  • Fig. 3 The change in the magnitude of the output sig ⁇ nal of filter 19 is illustrated in Fig. 3 for the situa ⁇ tions in which filter 19 is a low pass and high pass fil- 30 ter.
  • Fig. 3A the familiar linearized response char ⁇ acteristic of a low pass filter is shown.
  • a threshold output signal am ⁇ plitude is indicated in Fig.
  • the threshold referring to the control signal amplitude which, when applied to the control terminal of electronic switch 13, determines the state of electronic switch 13. Signals above the threshold amplitude cause switch 13 to be in one state (e.g., closed), while amplitudes below the threshold caus electronic switch 13 to be in its other state (e.g. , open) . If oscillator 17 is operating at frequency f, of Fig. 3A, the output signal from filter 19 is above the threshold. However, if variable impedance means 23 is incorporated in oscillator 17 and causes its frequency of oscillator 17 to shift in response to an environmental change, to frequency f- of Fig. 3A, then the filter out ⁇ put signal drops below the threshold level.
  • Figs. 3A and 3B have been described as if a shift in oscillator frequency provided electronic switch control. The same response can be achieved through shifting the cut-off frequency of the filters by including the variable impedance means 23 in filter 19 rather than in oscillator 17. In that event, the cut-off frequency, f , would shift between f. and f ⁇ in Fig. 3A, and between 3 and f. in Fig. 3B, to change the state of electronic switch 13.
  • FIG. 4 an example of an embodiment of an environmentally variable impedance means 23 is illustrated
  • a capacitor 31 has an elastic dielectric material 33 dis- posed between its plates 35 and 37.
  • Plate 37 is firmly supported, but plate 35 is deformable or supported only by dielectric 33.
  • pressure applied transversely to the two plates reduces their separation over at least part of their area, thereby raising the capacitance of the capacitor.
  • the state of electronic switch 13 may be changed by selecting the cut-off frequencies and frequency shifts in a manner obvious to one skilled in the art.
  • the pressure on capacitor 31 may be provided by the weight of the skier.
  • Capacitor 31 may be mounted on a binding where a ski boot will be in contact with it.
  • Fig. 5 shows, in cross section, a ski boot 41, clamped by a toe clamp 43 and a heel clamp 45 in a ski binding.
  • the binding includes a sole plate 47 in which an element 49, which may be capacitor 31, is em ⁇ bedded.
  • the weight of the skier through the heel of the boot compresses the capacitor plates, triggering the elec ⁇ tronic switch.
  • the op ⁇ tional latch means 21 of Fig. 2 may be included in the circuit. As explained elsewhere in this description, latch means 21 maintains a fixed output signal once the proper input signal is received, regardless of subsequent changes in the input signal. Latch means 21 may only be reset by applying a signal to the release terminal of the latch. In applications other than ski bindings, latch means 21 may not be needed. For example, in diving equip- ent, the capacitor embodiment of the environmental variable impedance means could be sensitive to water pres ⁇ sure so that so long as the equipment remained submerged, electronic circuitry 15 would remain "on". If the elec ⁇ tronic circuitry need only operate during submersion when 5 water pressure will be present, no latch means is neces ⁇ sary.
  • an environmentally vari ⁇ able impedance means 23 can be constructed from a resis ⁇ tor having a resistance which depends upon the mechanical
  • resistors R, and R are connected in series with pressure-sensitive resistor R_ shunting resistor R 3 .
  • Resistor R g is formed from Pressex and may be incorporated in a ski binding as element 49 of Fig. 5.
  • resistor R,_ When ski boot 41 is present and the skier's weight applied to resistor R,_, that "resistor” essentially short circuits resistor R- causing a shift in the cut-off frequency of a filter, if the resistors are part of a filter, or a shift in frequency of an oscillator if the resistors form part
  • a resistor R 7 formed of Pressex shunts a capacitor C, which is connected in series with a capacitor C, .
  • the capacitance presented across the terminals in Fig. 6B is either that of capacitor C, , or the series combination of C, and C-., depending upon the resistance of resistor R_.
  • the variable capacitance may be part of a filter
  • variable capacitance means of Fig. 6B is applicable to ski bindings and diving equip- 5 ment just as previously described.
  • oscillator 17 and elec ⁇ tronic switch 13 must be perpetually active or, at least, active when it is intended that electronic circuitry 15 may be turned on and off. It is preferable that oscilla- 10 tor 17 and electronic switch 13 be perpetually energized so that there is no possibility that another switch or preparatory step, which could be forgotten, is necessary to activate electronic circuitry 15.
  • the power perpetually consumed can be miniscule. For example, an oscillator built from a CD 40106 model Schmidt trigger would consume a current of only about 0.02 micro ⁇ amperes at 5 volts at 25 C or 1 microampere at 5 volts at -40 C, i.e.
  • a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a switch according to the present invention is shown.
  • the power supply is in the form of a battery 30 V R which is connected to electronic switch 51 ' and, through it, to electronic circuitry 53.
  • a conventional CMOS in ⁇ verter 55 has a feedback resistor R 1 , and, connected from its input terminal to ground, a capacitor C. , .
  • resistor R, , and capacitor C form a well- 35 known oscillator circuit.
  • the output of the oscillator is connected to a simple low pass filter comprising a series resistor R, 2 , the opposite terminal of which ' is grounded through a capacitor C. 2 .
  • the junction of R is provided to a simple low pass filter comprising a series resistor R, 2 , the opposite terminal of which ' is grounded through a capacitor C. 2 .
  • Diode D, , and capacitor C, 3 form a peak detector which detects and stores on C, 3 a voltage approximately equal to the amplitude peak of the voltage that appears on C, 2 .
  • Diode D prevents discharge of C, 3 into C, 2 thereby more precisely transmitting changes in magnitude of the filter output signal to electronic switch 51.
  • The. voltage on capacitor C, 3 is applied directly to the control terminal of electronic switch 51.
  • Either one of capacitor C,, or C,- or one of resistors R, , or R, _ could comprise an environmentally variable impedance means as previously described.
  • the variation of the value of the variable impedance tunes the oscillator or the cut-off frequency of the filter, so that the external influences, e.g., the application or removal of the skier's weight, the submersion or sur- facing of diving equipment, causes electronic switch 51 to switch electronic circuitry 53 on and off.
  • FIG. 8 Another embodiment of a switch according to the present invention is shown in Fig. 8. This embodiment does not employ an oscillator; rather, the electronic switch'control means comprises a piezoelectric device.
  • the power supply, again V ⁇ is connected to electronic switch 61 and through it to electronic circuitry 63.
  • V ⁇ is also connected to one terminal of a piezoelectric de ⁇ vice 65.
  • the other terminal of device 65 is connected to a terminal C of a latch means in the form of a D-Type
  • OMP flip flop 67 Input terminal D of flip flop 67 receives the power supply voltage from Viety.
  • the Q output terminal of flip flop 67 is connected to -the control "terminal Of ⁇ electronic switch 61.
  • Terminal S of flip flop 67 is 5 grounded and terminal R is prepared to receive a reset signal.
  • the cathode of a zener diode D 2 is connected to terminal C of flip flop 67 and its anode is grounded.
  • Piezoelectric device 65 is preferably a modern titanate bearing ceramic material which produces a 10 voltage in response to a mechanical shock. In modern piezoelectric devices this voltage can be very high; ' zene diode D 2 acts to limit the voltage received by terminal C of flip flop 67 and to prevent damage to the flip flop.
  • the switch is first awaiting a turn-on stimulus, the 15 output signal of flip flop 67 at terminal Q is in its low state.
  • the output signal at terminal Q of flip flop 67 switches to its high state, causing elec- 20 tronic switch 61 to change state.
  • flip flop 67 acts as a latch, holding the signal. from •25. device 65 and applying it to electronic switch 61 so long as the flip flop remains latched.
  • the output signal at terminal Q is reset to its low state when a reset pulse is applied to terminal R of flip flop 67.
  • the reset sig ⁇ nal may be provided by electronic circuitry 6e when some 30 critical point is reached. For example, in a ski binding, the releasing of the binding, either voluntarily by a skier at the end of a ski run, or involuntarily to prevent injury to the skier, would be an appropriate time for re ⁇ setting the Q terminal signal to its low state.
  • the insertion of a boot in the binding may be the source of the mechanical shock turning the switch "on".
  • element 49 could be the piezoelectric device, the heel of boot 41 generating the actuating shock.
  • the latch means is provided.
  • the latch means "freezes" that signal to keep electronic switch 61 actuated after the stimulating signal has fallen to zero.
  • latch means 21 of Fig. 2 The same embodiment of a latch means, a flip flop, could be used as latch means 21 of Fig. 2.
  • the latch means maintains the elec ⁇ tronic circuitry "on" when the skier jumps or the skis vibrate during skiing, by functioning in the manner de- scribed for the piezoelectric embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 Yet another embodiment of a switch according to the invention is shown schematically in Fig. 9.
  • power- supply V ⁇ is connected to an electronic switch 71 and through it to electronic circuitry 73.
  • the power supply is connected through a resistor R 2 , to an inverter 75.
  • the output of inverter 75 is connected to the control terminal of electronic switch 71.
  • inverter 75 The characteristics of inverter 75 are chosen so that voltage V represents a high level signal and a frac ⁇ tion of V ⁇ , e.g., Vvisor/ 2 , represents a low level signal.
  • V ⁇ When there is no connection or conduction across terminals 77 and 79, V ⁇ is applied to the input of inverter 75.
  • an impedance When an impedance is connected across the terminal 77 and 79, the input voltage drops, since. 2 , is'in se ies:.with the formerly open conductive path. If the impedance con- 5 nected across the terminals is small enough, the input voltage to inverter 75 will change sufficiently to cause the output signal of inverter 75 to go high, actuating electronic switch 71.
  • the connection across 10 open terminals 77 and 79 need only be what might normally be considered a leakage path having an impedance of 20 megohms or- so in order to switch the state of the output signal of inverter 75.
  • the open connections need only be exposed terminals which are 15 closed by the conductivity of water when the equipment is submerged.
  • terminals 77 and 79 may be contained in and be flush with the upper surface of sole plate 47. In that configuration, the presence of ski boot 41 creates a 20 leakage path of sufficiently low impedance to cause the output signal of inverter 75 to switch to its high .

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  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un équipement électronique utilisé dans des sports effectués dans des environnements hostiles, comme des fixations électroniques de skis, des commutateurs peuvent mal fonctionner à cause des chocs mécaniques s'exerçant sur des pièces mobiles et de l'introduction de corps étrangers. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, un commutateur électrique (5) pour un matériel électronique de sport comprend un commutateur électronique (7) et une commande de commutateur électronique (9) pour commander l'état du commutateur électronique en réponse aux influences extérieures, le commutateur électronique (7) et la commande du commutateur électronique (9) étant des dispositifs stationnaires.
PCT/US1983/000536 1982-04-12 1983-04-07 Commutateur pour equipement electronique de sport WO1983003555A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8383901966T DE3382362D1 (de) 1982-04-12 1983-04-07 Schalter fuer elektronische sportausstattung.
AT83901966T ATE65704T1 (de) 1982-04-12 1983-04-07 Schalter fuer elektronische sportausstattung.
JP50197483A JPS59500753A (ja) 1982-04-12 1983-04-07 電子式運動用品のためのスイッチ装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36758082A 1982-04-12 1982-04-12
US367,580820412 1982-04-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983003555A1 true WO1983003555A1 (fr) 1983-10-27

Family

ID=23447757

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1983/000536 WO1983003555A1 (fr) 1982-04-12 1983-04-07 Commutateur pour equipement electronique de sport

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0105928B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3382362D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1983003555A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3408335A1 (de) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-12 Marker Patentverwertungsgesellschaft mbH, Baar Elektronische skibindung
WO1989007476A1 (fr) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-24 Tmc Corporation Fixation de securite pour skis
EP0857078A1 (fr) * 1995-09-29 1998-08-12 Active Control Experts Inc. Materiel de sport adaptable

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892980A (en) * 1973-10-24 1975-07-01 Gary Anderson Releasable ski binding device
DE2705174A1 (de) 1976-02-10 1977-08-11 Salomon & Fils F Mit einem schuh verbindbarer sportartikel
US4104595A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-08-01 Borg-Warner Corporation Signal translating circuit for variable area capacitive pressure transducer
US4291894A (en) 1974-05-07 1981-09-29 Antonio Nicholas F D Electrical ski boot release
US4310807A (en) 1979-12-19 1982-01-12 Rockwell International Corporation Digital position sensor including L/C sensing oscillator

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4099074A (en) * 1975-03-06 1978-07-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Touch sensitive electronic switching circuitry for electronic wristwatches
US4309760A (en) * 1979-07-09 1982-01-05 Antonio Nicholas F D Electronic integrating system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892980A (en) * 1973-10-24 1975-07-01 Gary Anderson Releasable ski binding device
US4291894A (en) 1974-05-07 1981-09-29 Antonio Nicholas F D Electrical ski boot release
DE2705174A1 (de) 1976-02-10 1977-08-11 Salomon & Fils F Mit einem schuh verbindbarer sportartikel
US4104595A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-08-01 Borg-Warner Corporation Signal translating circuit for variable area capacitive pressure transducer
US4310807A (en) 1979-12-19 1982-01-12 Rockwell International Corporation Digital position sensor including L/C sensing oscillator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0105928A4 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3408335A1 (de) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-12 Marker Patentverwertungsgesellschaft mbH, Baar Elektronische skibindung
WO1989007476A1 (fr) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-24 Tmc Corporation Fixation de securite pour skis
US5064215A (en) * 1988-02-19 1991-11-12 Tmc Corporation Safety ski binding
EP0857078A1 (fr) * 1995-09-29 1998-08-12 Active Control Experts Inc. Materiel de sport adaptable
EP0857078A4 (fr) * 1995-09-29 1998-12-23 Active Control Experts Inc Materiel de sport adaptable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0105928A1 (fr) 1984-04-25
DE3382362D1 (de) 1991-09-05
EP0105928B1 (fr) 1991-07-31
EP0105928A4 (fr) 1984-10-05

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